I-NAT ihlanganisa amakheli amaningi e-IP ekhelini elilodwa le-IP lomphakathi
Ukuhumusha ikheli lenethiwekhi yenza amakheli e-IP omphakathi ngokulungisa ukusekelwa kumanethiwekhi angasese. I-NAT ubuchwepheshe obuthandwayo bokuhlanganyela-inthanethi kumanethiwekhi wekhompuyutha yasekhaya, kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulinganisela ukulayishwa kweseva kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani.
Indlela i-NAT yalondoloza ngayo i-Intanethi
I-NAT yenzelwe ekuqaleni ukugcina isikhala sekheli le-inthanethi yomphakathi. Njengoba inani lamakhompiyutha ajoyina i-intanethi aqhuma phakathi nawo-1990, abahlinzeki be-intanethi bachithe ngokushesha ukutholakala kwamakheli e-IPv4 , futhi ukuntuleka kwengozi yokuqeda ngokuphelele ukukhula. I-NAT yaba yindlela eyinhloko yokongiwa kwekheli le-IPv4.
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-NAT eyisisekelo yenza imephu eyodwa kuya kweyodwa phakathi kwamasethi amabili e-IP, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni okuvame kakhulu, i-NAT isebenza ngokumamephu okukodwa kuya kokuningi. I-NAT kumanethiwekhi asekhaya ahlela amakheli a-IP aqondene nawo wonke amadivayisi ekhelini elilodwa le-IP yomphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi yendawo ukwabelana ngokuxhumeka okukodwa okuphumayo.
Indlela i-NAT esebenza ngayo
I-NAT isebenza ngokuhlola okuqukethwe kokubili kwemilayezo ye-IP engenayo nephumayo. Uma kudingeka, iguqulela ikheli lomthombo noma eliya endaweni ekhonini ye-protocol ye-IP kanye nama-checksums abathintekile ukubonisa ukudwetshwa kwekheli elilungiselelwe. I-NAT isekela noma imephu ye-mappings enamandla noma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwamakheli we-IP.
Ukusebenza kwe-NAT kuvame ukutholakala kuma- routers nakwamanye amadivayisi wesango kumngcele wenethiwekhi. I-NAT ingabuye isetshenziswe ngokuphelele kwisofthiwe. Ukwabelana nge-Inthanethi ye-Microsoft, ngokwesibonelo, ungeze ukwesekwa kwe-NAT ohlelweni lwe-Windows.
Ukwengeza, i-NAT elungiselelwe kahle imide ukufinyelela kwamakhomphyutha angaphandle kumadivayisi amaklayenti ngemuva kwesendlalelo sokuhumusha. I-intanethi ye-RFC 1631 iqukethe ukucaciswa okuyisisekelo kwe-NAT.
Ukusetha i-NAT kuNethiwekhi Yasekhaya
Ama-home routers wamanje anika amandla i-NAT ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokungenelela komlawuli okudingekayo.
Amanethiwekhi anezincomo zegeyimu ngezinye izikhathi adinga ukubuyekezwa komuntu ngamasethingi we-NAT router ukusekela ukuxhumana okufanele ngensizakalo yokudlala inthanethi. Ama-Consoles afana ne- Microsoft Xbox noma i- Sony PlayStation ahlukanisa ukulungiswa kwazo kwe-NAT njengenye yezinhlobo ezintathu:
- Vula i-NAT ibonisa ukuthi i-console ingaxhumana ngokujwayelekile nabo bonke abanye ontanga enkonzweni yokudlala.
- I-NAT eqinile ivimbela i-console ukuthi ihlanganyele kuphela neontanga ukuthi nazo ziqinile.
- I-NAT ejwayelekile ivumela i-console ukuthi ihlanganyele kuphela neontanga ezizenzekelayo noma ezivulekile.
Abalawuli benethiwekhi yasekhaya banganika amandla i-Universal Plug ne-Play (UPnP) kumabhurogi abo ukuqinisekisa ukusekelwa kwe-Open NAT.
Iyini i-Firewall ye-NAT?
I-firewall ye-NAT yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ikhono le-NAT lokugcina idivayisi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kwesendlalelo sokuhumusha. Ngesikhathi i-NAT ingaklanyelwe ukuba ibe yi- firewall yenethiwekhi egcwele, iyingxenye yenqubo yokuphepha jikelele yenethiwekhi.
Yini i-NAT Router?
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-router asekhaya asethiwa yi-NAT routers ekuqaleni-naphakathi kuka-2000 lapho i-NAT ibonakala kuqala emikhiqizweni ejwayelekile yomthengi.
Ukulinganiselwa kwe-NAT
Ngokuvamile i-NAT isetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi we-IPv6 ngoba isikhala esikhulu sekheli esikhona lapho senza ukulondolozwa kwekheli akudingekile.