Ikheli le-IP yomphakathi ikheli le- IP ukuthi umzila wakho wekhaya noma ibhizinisi uthola kusuka ku- ISP yakho. Amakheli e-IP womphakathi adingekayo kunoma yimaphi ama- hardware we- intanethi afinyelele esidlangalaleni, afana ne-router yakho yasekhaya kanye namaseva abamba amawebhusayithi.
Amakheli e-IP womphakathi yilokho okuhlukanisa wonke amadivaysi axhunyiwe kwi-inthanethi yomphakathi. Idivayisi ngayinye efinyelela kwi-intanethi isebenzisa ikheli le-IP eliyingqayizivele. Eqinisweni, ikheli le-IP yomphakathi ngezinye izikhathi libizwa nge- Inthanethi IP .
Yileli kheli ukuthi uMhlinzeki wesevisi we-Intanethi ngamunye usebenzisa ukuhambisa izicelo ze-intanethi ekhaya noma ibhizinisi elithile, njengokuthi imoto yokulethwa isebenzisa kanjani ikheli lakho lomzimba ukuze uthumele amaphakheji endlini yakho.
Cabanga ngekheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi njenganoma iyiphi enye ikheli onalo. Isibonelo, ikheli lakho le-imeyili nekheli lakho lekhaya kokubili elihlukile ngokuphelele kuwe, yingakho ukuthumela i-imeyili kulawo amakheli kuqinisekisa ukuthi empeleni bafika kuwe hhayi omunye umuntu.
Ukuphela okufanayo kusetshenziselwa ikheli lakho le-IP ukuze izicelo zakho zedijithali zithunyelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho ... hhayi omunye umuntu.
Amakholi we-IP e-Private Public
Ikheli le-IP yangasese , ngezindlela eziningi, into efanayo nekheli le-IP lomphakathi. Isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele kuwo wonke amadivayisi ngemuva komzila noma enye idivayisi ekhonza amakheli e-IP.
Nokho, ngokungafani namakheli e-IP omphakathi, amadivaysi ekhaya lakho angaba namakheli e-IP wangasese njengamakheli omakhelwane wakho, noma wonke umuntu emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakheli angasese ayengasetshenziselwa - amadivayisi we-hardware e-intanethi ahlelwe ukuvimbela amadivayisi anekheli le-IP yangasese ekukhulumisaneni ngqo nanoma iyiphi enye i-IP ngaphandle komzila abaxhunyiwe kuyo.
Ngenxa yokuthi lamakheli angasese avinjelwe ekufinyeleleni kwi-intanethi, udinga ikheli elingakwazi ukufinyelela lonke izwe, yingakho ikheli le-IP yomphakathi liyadingeka. Lolu hlobo lokusetha luvumela wonke amadivaysi enethiwekhi yakho ekhaya ukuthi adlulisele ulwazi phakathi kwe-router yakho ne-ISP usebenzisa ikheli elilodwa (ikheli le-IP lomphakathi).
Enye indlela yokubheka lokhu ukucabanga nge-router ekhaya lakho njengoMhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi. Ngenkathi i-router yakho isebenza ngamakheli e-IP yangasese emadivaysi axhunyiwe ngasese ngemuva komzila wakho, i-ISP yakho inikeza amakheli e-IP omphakathi kumadivayisi axhunywe esidlangalaleni.
Kokubili amakheli angasese kanye nomphakathi asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana, kodwa ububanzi bokuxhumana bukhawulelwe ngokususelwa ekhelini elisetshenzisiwe.
Uma uzama ukuvula iwebhusayithi kusuka kwikhompyutha yakho, isicelo sithunyelwa kusuka kwikhompyutha yakho kuya ku-router yakho njengekheli le-IP yangasese, emva kwalokho umzila wakho ucela iwebhusayithi kuwe kwi-ISP yakho usebenzisa ikheli le-IP lomphakathi elinikezwe kwinethiwekhi yakho. Uma isicelo sesenziwe, imisebenzi ishintshwe - i-ISP ithumela ikheli lewebhusayithi kumzila wakho, okudlulisela phambili ikheli kukhompyutha elilicele.
Uhlu lwamakheli e-IP yomphakathi
Amakheli athile e-IP agcinwe ukusetshenziswa komphakathi nabanye ukusetshenziswa kwangasese. Yilokho okwenza amakheli e-IP yangasese akwazi ukufinyelela e-inthanethi yomphakathi - ngoba akakwazi ngisho ukuxhumana kahle ngaphandle kokuthi abe khona ngemuva komzila.
Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zigcinwe yi-Intanethi eyabelwe Amanani Amanani (i-IANA) ukuze asetshenziswe njengamakheli e-IP yangasese:
- 10.0.0.0 kuya ku- 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 kuya ku- 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 kuya ku- 192.168.255.255
Ukungafani namakheli angenhla, amakheli e-IP omphakathi avela ku- "1 ..." kuya ku- "191 ...".
Konke "192 ..." amakheli awabhaliswe esidlangalaleni, okusho ukuthi angasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva komzila njengamakheli e-IP abucala. Leli lizinga lapho amakheli amaningi e- IP ayingqayizivele ewa khona, yingakho ikheli le-IP elizenzakalelayo lamanethiwekhi amaningi e- Linksys , D-Link , Cisco , ne- NETGEAR yi-IP ngaphakathi kwalesi setethi.
Indlela Yokuthola Ikheli Lakho Le-IP Yomphakathi
Akudingeki ukwazi ikheli lakho le-IP yomphakathi isikhathi esiningi, kodwa kunezimo lapho kubalulekile khona noma kudingekile, njengokuthi uma udinga ukufinyelela inethiwekhi yakho, noma ikhompyutha ngaphakathi kuyo, ukusuka kude nomuzi noma wakho ibhizinisi.
Isibonelo esisisekelo kunazo zonke kungaba lapho usebenzisa uhlelo lokufinyelela okude . Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma usendlini yakho yehhotela e-Shanghai, kodwa kudingeka "kude" kukhompuyutha yakho ekhaya, endlini yakho e-Denver, kuzodingeka wazi ikheli le-IP elitholakalayo le-intanethi (umphakathi I-IP ikheli lakho lasekhaya elisetshenziswayo) ukuze ukwazi ukuyala ukuthi isofthiwe ixhumane endaweni efanele.
Kulula ngokumangalisayo ukuthola ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi. Yize kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza, vele uvule enye yale mawebhusayithi kwi-smartphone yakho, iphathekayo, ideskithophu, noma enye idivayisi esebenzisa isiphequluli sewebhu: Inkukhu ye-IP, WhatsMyIP.org, Who.is, WhatIsMyPublicIP.com, noma WhatIsMyIPAddress .com.
Nakuba kungelula kakhulu njengokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi, kungase futhi kutholakale i-IP yakho yomphakathi ngokusebenzisa ikhasi lakho lokuphatha lomzila. Uma ungazi ukuthi kuyini, ngokuvamile ikheli lakho le-IP langasese lendawo .
Ukubamba? Kuzodingeka wenze lokhu kusuka kwikhompyutha yakho yasekhaya . Uma usuvele ukhona, kuzodingeka ube nomngane noma osebenza naye akwenzele yona. Ungasebenzisa futhi isevisi ye-DDNS, amanye awo akhona mahhala. Ayikho i-IP yisibonelo esisodwa, kodwa kunezinye.
Okwenza Amakheli E-IP Yomphakathi Aguquke
Amakheli amaningi e-IP omphakathi ashintsha, futhi ngokuvamile. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwekheli le-IP elishintshayo libizwa ngokuthi ikheli le-IP elinamandla .
Emuva lapho ama-ISP ayinto entsha, abasebenzisi bazoxhuma kwi-inthanethi isikhathi esincane nje kuphela, bese bexhuma. Ikheli le-IP elisetshenziselwa ikhasimende elilodwa lizovuleka ukusetshenziswa komunye okudingeka lixhumeke ku-intanethi.
Le ndlela yokwazisa amakheli e-IP kwakusho ukuthi i-ISP ayidingi ukuthenga inani elikhulu lazo. Le nqubo ejwayelekile isasetshenziswa nanamuhla nakuba iningi lethu lihlale lixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi.
Kodwa-ke, amanethiwekhi amaningi amawebhusayithi azosingatha azoba namakheli e-static IP ngoba afuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukufinyelela njalo kwi-server yabo. Ukuba nekheli le-IP ukuthi izinguquko zinganqoba injongo, njengoba amarekhodi e- DNS adinga ukubuyekezwa uma izinguquko ze-IP, ezingabangela ukuphumula okungadingeki.
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe njalo abelwa amakheli e-IP ashukumisayo ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukile. Uma i-ISP inikeze inethiwekhi yakho ikheli elingashintshi, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lihlukumezwe ngamakhasimende abamba amawebhusayithi avela ekhaya. Lesi yisinye sezizathu zokuba nekheli le-IP elibi libiza kakhulu kunokuba nekheli le-IP elinamandla. Izinsizakalo ze-DDNS, esizikhulume ngaphambili, ziyindlela ezungeze lokhu ... ngezinga elithile.
Esinye isizathu sokuba amanethiwekhi amaningi anamakheli e-IP ashintshile ngoba amakheli e-static e-IP adinga ukuphathwa okungaphezulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukubiza ngaphezulu ikhasimende ukuba libe neyodwa.
Isibonelo, uma uhamba endaweni entsha amamayela ambalwa, kodwa usebenzisa i-ISP efanayo, ukunikezwa ikheli le-IP elinamandla kungasho ukuthi uzothola elinye ikheli le-IP elitholakala echibini lamakheli. Amanethiwekhi asebenzisa amakheli ase-static kufanele aphinde ahlelwe ukuze afake isicelo endaweni yawo entsha.
Ukufihla Ikheli Lakho Le-IP Yomphakathi
Awukwazi ukufihla ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi kusuka ku-ISP yakho ngoba yonke imoto yakho kufanele ihambe kuyo ngaphambi kokufinyelela noma yini enye kwi-inthanethi. Noma kunjalo, ungakwazi ukufihla ikheli lakho le-IP kusuka kumawebhusayithi owavakashelayo, bese ubhala konke ukudluliswa kwedatha (ngaleyo ndlela kufihla ithrafikhi kusuka ku-ISP yakho), ngokuhlunga kuqala yonke idatha yakho ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yangasese yangasese (VPN).
Yisho, isibonelo, ukuthi ufuna ikheli lakho le-IP lifihliwe kusuka ku-Google.com . Ngokuvamile, uma ufinyelela iwebhusayithi ye-Google, bazokwazi ukubona ukuthi ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi licele ukuthi libuke iwebhusayithi yabo. Ukwenza ukusesha okusheshayo kwenye yewebhusayithi yokuthola i-IP evela phezulu ingabatshela ukuthi yi-ISP yakho. Njengoba i-ISP yakho ikwazi ukuthi yiziphi amakheli we-IP abelwe zona, ngokuqondile, kungasho ukuthi ukuvakashelwa kwakho ku-Google kungafakwa ngqo kuwe.
Ukusebenzisa isevisi ye-VPN kunezela enye i-ISP ekupheleni kwesicelo sakho ngaphambi kokuthi uvule iwebhusayithi ye-Google.
Uma usuxhumeke ku-VPN, inqubo efanayo njengoba ngenhla kwenzeka, okwamanje kuphela, kunokuba i-Google ibone ikheli le-IP elibekwa lona i-ISP yakho, babona ikheli le-IP elinikezwe yi- VPN .
Ngakho-ke, uma i-Google ifuna ukukukhomba, kuzodingeka ukuthi icele leyo mininingwane evela ku-VPN isevisi esikhundleni se-ISP yakho, ngoba futhi, yilo ikheli le-IP abayifinyelele ukufinyelela iwebhusayithi yabo.
Kuleli qophelo, ukungaziwa kwakho kubonakala ukuthi ngabe isevisi ye-VPN izimisele ukuyeka ikheli lakho le-IP, okuyinto ebonisa ukuthi ungubani. Umehluko phakathi kwezinsiza eziningi ze-ISP kanye nezinsiza eziningi ze-VPN ukuthi i-ISP cishe iyadingeka ngomthetho ukulahla ukuthi ubani ofinyelelekile kuwebhusayithi, kanti ngezinye izikhathi i-VPN ikhona emazweni angenaso leso sibopho.
Kunezinsiza eziningi ze-VPN mahhala futhi ezikhokhelwayo ngaphandle lapho bonke banikeza izici ezahlukene. Ukufuna umuntu ongalokothi ugcine izingodo zomgwaqo kungaba yisiqalo esihle uma ukhathazekile ukuthi i-ISP yakho ikuhlola.
Izinsiza ezimbalwa zamahhala ze-VPN zifaka i-FreeVPN.me, i-Hideman, ne-Faceless.ME. Bheka uhlu lwethu lwezinhlelo ze- Free VPN Software izinhlelo ezinye izinketho.
Ulwazi Oluthe xaxa kumaKhansela e-IP yomphakathi
Ama-Routers anikezwe ikheli elilodwa eliyimfihlo elibizwa ngokuthi ikheli le-IP yesango elizenzakalelayo . Ngendlela efanayo enethiwekhi yakho enekheli elilodwa le-IP elikhuluma ne-inthanethi yomphakathi, i-router yakho inekheli elilodwa le-IP elikhuluma namanye amanethiwekhi wangasese.
Yiqiniso kuyilapho igunya lokugcina amakheli e-IP lihlala ne-IANA, akuzona uhlobo oluthile lomthombo wendawo yonke ye-intanethi. Uma idivayisi yangaphandle iphula inethiwekhi yakho, ayihlangene no-IANA.