Konke okudingeka ukwazi ngamakheli e-IP wangasese
Ikheli le-IP yangasese ikheli le- IP eligcinwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi ngemuva komzila noma enye idivayisi ye-Network Address Translation (NAT), ngaphandle komphakathi.
Amakheli e-IP eyimfihlo ahluke kumakheli e- IP womphakathi , ayesesidlangalaleni futhi angeke asetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yekhaya noma yebhizinisi.
Ngezinye izikhathi ikheli le-IP elizimele libizwa nangokuthi ikheli le-IP lendawo .
Yimaphi Amakheli E-IP Ayimfihlo?
I-Intanethi eyabelwe izinombolo zeziphathimandla (i-IANA) ibeka izivimbela zekheli le-IP ezilandelayo njengamakheli e-IP abucala:
- 10.0.0.0 kuya ku- 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 kuya ku- 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 kuya ku- 192.168.255.255
Isethi yokuqala yamakheli e-IP avela phezulu avumela amakheli angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16, okwesibili ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1, nangaphezulu kuka-65,000 ebangeni lokugcina.
Olunye uhla lwamakheli e-IP wangasese ngu-169.254.0.0 kuya ku-169.254.255.255 kodwa yi- Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) esebenzisa kuphela.
Ngo-2012, i-IANA yanikeze amakheli angu-4 wezigidi ezingu-100.64.0.0/10 ukuze asetshenziswe ezindaweni zokuhamba ze-NAT.
Okwenza Amakheli E-IP Azimele Asetshenziswa
Esikhundleni sokuba namadivayisi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yekhaya noma yebhizinisi ngalinye elisebenzisa ikheli le-IP lomphakathi, okungekho ukunikezwa okulinganiselwe, amakheli e-IP yangasese ahlinzeke ngamakheli ahlukene ahlukene avumela ukufinyelela kwinethiwekhi kodwa ngaphandle kokuthatha isikhala sekheli le-IP yomphakathi .
Isibonelo, ake sicabangele router evamile kunethiwekhi yendlu. Ama-router amaningi emakhaya nasemabhizinisini kuwo wonke umhlaba, mhlawumbe owakho kanye nomakhelwane wakho womakhelwane, bonke banekheli le-IP lika-192.168.1.1, futhi banikeze i-192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, ... kumadivaysi ahlukahlukene ahlangene nayo ( nge okuthiwa i- DHCP ).
Akukhathaleki ukuthi mangaki ama-routers asebenzisa ikheli le-192.168.1.1, noma zingaki izinqwaba noma amakhulu amadivayisi ngaphakathi kwamakheli we-IP share share network nabasebenzisi bamanye amanethiwekhi, ngoba abathintana ngqo .
Esikhundleni salokho, amadivaysi enethiwekhi asebenzisa i-router ukuhumusha izicelo zabo ngekheli le-IP lomphakathi, elingakwazi ukuxhumana namanye amakheli e-IP yomphakathi futhi ekugcineni nakwamanye amanethiwekhi wendawo.
Ithiphu: Awuqiniseki ukuthi i-router yakho noma enye ikheli le-IP langasese lesango elizenzakalelayo lingakanani? Bheka Ngingayifumana Kanjani Ikheli Lami le-IP elizenzakalelayo? .
I- hardware ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ethize esebenzisa ikheli le-IP yangasese lingakwazi ukuxhumana nayo yonke enye ihadiwe ngaphakathi kwaleyo nethiwekhi , kodwa izodinga i-router ukuxhumana namadivayisi angaphandle kwenethiwekhi, emva kwalokho ikheli le-IP lomphakathi lizosetshenziswa ukuxhumana.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke amadivaysi (i-laptops, desktops, amafoni, amaphilisi , njll) aqukethwe kumanethiwekhi angasese emhlabeni jikelele angasebenzisa ikheli le-IP yangasese ngaphandle kokunciphisa, okungenakusho ngamakheli e-IP yomphakathi.
Amakheli e-IP ayingqayizivele ahlinzeka nendlela yamadivayisi angadingi ukuxhumana ne-intanethi, njengeziphakeli zefayela, amaphrinta, njll, ukuxhumana namanye amadivayisi kwinethiwekhi ngaphandle kokubonakala ngqo emphakathini.
Amakheli e-IP agcinwe
Enye isethi yamakheli e-IP avinjelwe ngisho nangaphezulu abizwa ngokuthi amakheli e-IP agcinwe . Lezi zifana namakheli e-IP yangasese ngomqondo wokuthi angeke asetshenziselwe ukukhulumisana kwi-inthanethi enkulu, kodwa zivimbela nakakhulu kunalokho.
I-IP ehlonishwe kakhulu kunazo zonke i- 127.0.0.1 . Leli kheli libizwa ngokuthi ikheli loopback futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-adapter yenethiwekhi noma i-chip ehlanganisiwe. Ayikho ithrafikhi eqondiswe ku-127.0.0.1 ithunyelwa phezu kwenethiwekhi yendawo noma i-inthanethi yomphakathi.
Ngokuqinisekile, lonke uhla oluvela ku- 127.0.0.0 kuya ku- 127.255.255.255 lugcinelwe izinhloso ze-loopback kodwa cishe ngeke ubone lutho kodwa 127.0.0.1 elisetshenziswe ezweni langempela.
Amakheli aphakathi kokungu-0.0.0.0 kuya ku- 0.255.255.255 nawo agcinwe kepha akenzi lutho. Uma ukwazi ngisho ukwabela idivayisi ikheli le-IP kulobu bubanzi, ngeke lisebenze kahle kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufakwe kuphi inethiwekhi.
Ulwazi oluthe xaxa kumaKhansela e-IP yangasese
Uma idivayisi efana ne-router ixhunyiwe, ithola ikheli le-IP yomphakathi kusuka ku- ISP . Yilawo madivaysi ase-ke axhunyiwe ku-router anikezwa amakheli e-IP abucala.
Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, amakheli e-IP yangasese akakwazi ukuxhumana ngqo nekheli le-IP yomphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma idivaysi enekheli le-IP elizimele lixhunyiwe ngqo kwi-intanethi, ngakho-ke liba yinto engahambi kahle, idivayisi ngeke ibe nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kuze ikheli lihunyushwe ekhelini lokusebenza nge-NAT, noma kuze kube yilokho okucela Ukuthumela kuthunyelwa ngedivaysi enekheli elivumelekile lomphakathi le-IP.
Yonke ithrafikhi evela ku-intanethi ingakwazi ukuxhumana ne-router. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kukho konke kusuka emotweni ye-HTTP evamile ezintweni ezifana ne-FTP ne-RDP. Noma kunjalo, ngoba amakheli e-IP abufihlekile efihliwe ngemuva komzila, i-router kumele ikwazi ukuthi iyiphi ikheli le-IP kufanele lidlulisele ulwazi uma ufuna into efana ne-FTP iseva ukuze ihlelwe kwinethiwekhi yendlu.
Ukuze lokhu kusebenze kahle kwamakheli e-IP yangasese, ukudluliselwa kwechweba kumele kube ukusetha.