Umndeni wakwa-802.11 uchaziwe
Abanikazi bekhaya nabamabhizinisi abafuna ukuthenga izingosi zokuxhumana babhekana nezinqumo eziningi. Imikhiqizo eminingi ihambisana nama- 802.11a , 802.11b / g / n , kanye / noma ama-wireless amazinga angenawo ama- 802.11ac awaziwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe be -Wi-Fi . I-Bluetooth nezinye izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe ezingenazintambo (kodwa hhayi ze-Wi-Fi) nazo zikhona, ngayinye eyenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zokuxhumana.
Lesi sihloko sichaza amazinga we-Wi-Fi nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, buqhathanisa futhi buhluke nabo ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi nokwenza izinqumo zokuthenga kwenethiwekhi nokuthenga imishini.
802.11
Ngo-1997, i-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) yakha izinga lokuqala le-WLAN. Bayibiza ngokuthi yi- 802.11 ngemuva kwegama leqembu elakhelwe ukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalo. Ngeshwa, i-802.11 isekela kuphela umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu wenethiwekhi we-2 Mbps - kancane kakhulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ye-wireless 802.11 ayisakhiwa.
802.11b
I-IEEE yanda emkhakheni wokuqala we-802.11 ngoJulayi 1999, ukudala incazelo ye- 802.11b . I-802.11b isekela umkhawulokudonsa kufika ku-11 Mbps, kufana ne- Ethernet yendabuko.
I-802.11b isebenzisa imvamisa yokusatshalaliswa komsakazo engavunyelwe (2.4 GHz ) njengenqobo yokuqala ye-802.11. Abathengisi bavame ukukhetha ukusebenzisa lezi zikhathi ukunciphisa izindleko zabo zokukhiqiza. Ukungahambisani nomthetho, i-802.11b gear ingenza ukuphazamiseka kusuka kuma-oven microwave, amafoni angenawo ucingo, nezinye izinto zokusebenza usebenzisa ububanzi obufanayo 2.4 GHz. Kodwa-ke, ngokufaka amamitha angu-802.11b ibanga elungile kusuka kwezinye izinto zokusebenza, ukuphazamiseka kungagwenywa kalula.
- Izinzuzo ze-802.11b - Izindleko eziphansi kakhulu; Ibanga lesignali lihle futhi alivimbeli kalula
- I-Cons of 802.11b - Ijubane eliphansi kakhulu eliphansi; Imishini yasendlini ingaphazamisa ibhendi yezimvamisa ezingalawulwa
802.11a
Ngenkathi i-802.11b yayisekuthuthukisweni, i-IEEE yenze isandiso sesibili kumgangatho wokuqala we-802.11 obizwa nge- 802.11a . Ngenxa yokuthi u-802.11b utholakale ethandwa kakhulu kunanoma yi-802.11a, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi i-802.11a yadalwa ngemva kuka-802.11b. Eqinisweni, u-802.11a wadalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme, u-802.11a uvame ukutholakala kumanethiwekhi ebhizinisi kanti okungcono u-802.11b usebenza emakethe yasekhaya.
I-802.11a isekela umkhawulokudonsa kuze kufike kuma-54 Mbps namasignali ku-spectrum elawulwayo imvamisa ye-5 GHz. Le mvamisa ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa no-802.11b inciphisa ububanzi bama-802.11a amanethiwekhi. Imvamisa ephakeme futhi isho ukuthi izimpawu ezingu-802.11a zinenkinga enkulu yokungena ezindongeni nezinye izivimbelo.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-802.11a no-802.11b basebenzisa ama-frequencies ahlukene, ubuchwepheshe ababili abuhambisani. Abanye abathengisi banikeza ingxenyana yenethiwekhi ye- 802.11a / b eyimfucuza, kodwa le mikhiqizo ivele isebenzise amazinga amabili eceleni (amadivayisi ngamunye axhunyiwe kumele asebenzise enye noma enye).
- Izinzuzo ze-802.11a - Isivinini esisheshayo esheshayo; izikhathi ezilawulwayo zivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kwamanye amadivaysi.
- Umthengi we-802.11a - Izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu; isignali esincane esincane esivinjelwe kalula.
802.11g
Ngo-2002 no-2003, imikhiqizo ye-WLAN esekela izinga elisha elibizwa nge- 802.11g livele emakethe. Imizamo engu-802.11g yokuhlanganisa okuhle kokubili kokungu-802.11a no-802.11b. I-802.11g isekela umkhawulokudonsa kuze kufike kuma-54 Mbps, futhi isebenzisa imvamisa 2.4 GHz yobubanzi obukhulu. I-802.11g emuva iyahambisana ne-802.11b, okusho ukuthi amaphuzu wokufinyelela angu- 802.11g azosebenza nama- adapter wenethiwekhi angenantambo angama-802.11b futhi ngokufanayo.
- Izinzuzo ze-802.11g - Isivinini esisheshayo esheshayo; Ibanga lesignali lihle futhi alivimbeli kalula.
- I-Cons of 802.11g - Izindleko ezingaphezu kuka-802.11b; imishini ingaphazamisa imvamisa yesignali engavunyelwe.
802.11n
I-802.11n (futhi ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Wireless N ) yenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ku-802.11g ngokulinganiselwa komkhawulokudonsa esekelwe ngokusebenzisa amasignali amaningi angenantambo nama-antenna (okuthiwa yi- MIMO technology) esikhundleni sodwa. Amaqembu amazinga amashishini agunyazwe ama-802.11n ngo-2009 ngezincazelo ezihlinzekwa ku- 300 Mbps we-bandwidth yenethiwekhi. I-802.11n inikeza uhla olungcono kangcono kunamazinga we-Wi-Fi wangaphambilini ngenxa yesisindo saso sokwandisa, futhi sabuyela emuva-sihambisana ne-802.11b / g gear.
- Imikhiqizo ye-802.11n - Isivinini esisheshayo esisheshayo nesibonakaliso esihle kakhulu; ukuphikiswa okungaphezulu ukuphazamisa umonakalo emithonjeni engaphandle.
- Umthengi we-802.11n - Isimiso asikaqediwe ; ibiza ngaphezu kuka-802.11g; ukusetshenziswa kwezibonakaliso eziningi kungaphazamisa kakhulu amanethiwekhi asekelwe angu-802.11b / g.
802.11ac
Isizukulwane esisha esisha kakhulu se-Wi-Fi ukusayina ekusetshenzisweni okuthandwayo, i- 802.11ac isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya be -double-band , isekela ukuxhumeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kuma-2.4 GHz nama-5 GHz Wi-Fi bands. I-802.11ac inikeza ukuhambisana okubuyisa emuva ku-802.11b / g / n kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ulinganiswe ku-1300 Mbps ku-5 GHz band ngaphezu kwama-450 Mbps ku-2.4 GHz.
Kuthiwani Nge-Bluetooth nokuphumula?
Ngaphandle kwalawa mazinga amahlanu we-Wi-Fi ajwayelekile jikelele, ubuchwepheshe obuningi bezintambo ezingenazintambo bukhona.
- Ama-IEEE 802.11 amazinga weqembu elisebenzayo afana no-802.11h no-802.11j yizandiso noma ama-offshoots wobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi ngamunye asebenza ngenjongo ethile.
- I-Bluetooth inguchwepheshe obunethiwekhi obungenazintambo obungenazintambo ezilandela indlela yokuthuthukiswa ehlukile kunomndeni wakwa-802.11. I-Bluetooth isekela ibanga elifushane kakhulu (cishe amamitha angu-10) kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ophansi (1-3 Mbps ekusebenzeni) oklanyelwe amadivaysi enethiwekhi aphansi afana namasekhondi. Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi ze-Bluetooth hardware nazo ziyakhuthaza abathengisi bemboni. Ungathola kalula i-Bluetooth ekuxhumaniseni ama-PDA noma amafoni ngama-PC, kodwa ngokuvamile ayisebenziselwa ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-WLAN yenhloso jikelele ngenxa yobungako nokubheja okusheshayo.
- I-WiMax nayo yasungulwa ngokuhlukile ku-Wi-Fi. I-WiMax iklanyelwe ukuxhumeka kokuxhumana okude (ukukala amamayela noma amakhilomitha) ngokuphambene nezinethiwekhi zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo zendawo.
Amazinga alandelayo we-IEEE 802.11 akhona noma asekuthuthukisweni ukusekela ukudala ubuchwepheshe bezinethiwekhi zokuxhumana zendawo ezingenantambo:
- 802.11a - 54 Mbps standard, 5 GHz ukusayina (ratified 1999)
- 802.11b - 11 Mbps standard, ukuphawula 2.4 GHz (1999)
- 802.11c - ukuxhumana kwe-bhuloho (kuhanjiswe ku-802.1D)
- 802.11d - ukuhambisana nomhlaba jikelele nemithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum signal spectrum (2001)
- 802.11e - Ukwesekwa kwekhwalithi ye-Quality ( Service ) (QoS) (engakavunyelwanga)
- I-802.11F - Isiphakamiso se-Inter-Access Protocol sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaphoyinti okufinyelela ekusekeleni amakhasimende okuzulazula (2003)
- 802.11g - 54 Mbps standard, ukuphawula 2.4 GHz (2003)
- 802.11h - inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-802.11a ukusekela izidingo zokulawula zaseYurophu (2003)
- 802.11i - ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha komndeni wakwa-802.11 (2004)
- I-802.11j - izithuthukisi zokufaka ukufaka uphawu kwe-GHz ukuze zisekele izidingo zokulawula zaseJapane (2004)
- 802.11k - ukuphathwa kwe-WLAN uhlelo
- U-802.11l - weqe ukugwema ukudideka ngo-802.11i
- 802.11m - ukugcinwa kwemibhalo yomndeni ka-802.11
- Ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwe- 802.11n - 100+ Mbps kuka-802.11g (2009)
- I-802.11o - yeqa
- I-802.11p - Ukufinyelela okungenazintambo kwe-Vehicular Environment
- I-802.11q - yeqa
- 802.11r - ukwesekwa okusheshayo okuzulazula nge-Basic Service Set Transitions
- 802.11s - Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-ESS yamaphoyinti okufinyelela
- 802.11T - Ukubikezelwa kokusebenza okungenantambo - isincomo sokulinganisa amazinga namethrikhi
- 802.11u - ukusebenza nge-inthanethi nge-3G / amaselula kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi angaphandle
- 802.11v - ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okungenantambo / ukucushwa kwedivayisi
- 802.11w - Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikeleka kwamafomu okuvikelwa okuvikelwe
- I-802.11x - yeqa (igama elijwayelekile lomndeni wakwa-802.11)
- I-802.11y - I-Protocol Based Contention yokuphepha kokuphazamiseka
I-Official Official IEEE 802.11 Ikhasi Lokusebenza Lekhasi Lokusebenza Kwamakhasimende lishicilelwe i-IEEE ukukhombisa isimo sezinga ngalinye lenethiwekhi ngaphansi kokuthuthukiswa.