I-URL imele indawo yendawo ye- Uniform Resource Locator . I-URL yinkimbinkimbi yombhalo efomethiwe esetshenziselwa iziphequluli zeWebhu, amakhasimende we-imeyli kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ukukhomba isisetshenziswa senethiwekhi kwi-Inthanethi. Izinsiza zenethiwekhi amafayela angaba amakhasi e-Web alula, amanye amadokhumenti wombhalo, ihluzo, noma izinhlelo.
Izintambo ze-URL zinezingxenye ezintathu ( substrings ):
- ukuqokwa kweprotocol
- igama lomnikazi noma ikheli
- ifayela noma indawo yesikhungo
Lawa ma-substrings ahlukaniswa nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile njengalokhu:
protocol: // indawo / indawoI-URL Protocol Substrings
I-'protocol 'engezansi ichaza inqubo yenethiwekhi ezosetshenziselwa ukufinyelela imithombo. Lezi zingxube amagama ambalwa alandelwe abalingiswa abathathu ': //' (umhlangano olula wokuqamba igama ukuchaza incazelo yenqubo). Izivumelwano ze-URL ezijwayelekile zifaka i- HTTP (http: //), i- FTP (ftp: //), ne-imeyili (i-mailto: //).
I-URL Host Substrings
Umcibisholo 'we-host' ukhomba ikhompuyutha yokuphela noma enye idivayisi yenethiwekhi. Amahostela avela ezinqolobaneni ezijwayelekile ze-intanethi njenge- DNS futhi angaba ngamagama noma amakheli e-IP . Amagama omnikazi wezingosi eziningi zeWebhu azibhekiseli kumakhompyutha owodwa kodwa kunamaqembu wezinsiza zewebhu.
Izindawo ze-URL zendawo
Indawo elandelayo 'indawo' iqukethe indlela eya kumthombo othile wenethiwekhi kumsingathi. Izinsiza zivame ukutholakala kumhlahlandlela wendawo noma ifolda. Isibonelo, ezinye izingosi zeWeb zingase zibe nensiza efana ne / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Lesi sibonelo sibonisa insiza enezinhlamvu ezimbili kanye negama lefayela.
Uma isici sendawo singenalutho, ukususwa kwesinqamuleli kufana ne-URL http://thebestsiteever.com , i-URL ikhomba ngokujwayelekile emkhombandlela wezimpande zomphathi (ekhonjiswe ngokushaywa okukodwa - '/') futhi ngokuvamile ikhasi lasekhaya ( njengo 'index.htm').
Ama-URL angama-Absolute vs.us Relative
Ama-URL aphelele aqukethe zonke izingxenye ezintathu ezibalwe ngenhla abizwa ngokuthi ama-URL aphelele . Kwezinye izimo, ama-URL angacacisa kuphela isici sendawo eyodwa. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-URL ahlobene. Ama-URL ahlobene asetjenziswa amaseva weWebhu ne-Web page ukuhlela prshortcut toreduce ubude bezintambo URL.
Ukulandela isibonelo esingenhla, amakhasi eWebhu okufanayo axhumanisa kuwo angakhokha i-URL ehlobene
esikhundleni se-URL elinganayo
ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ikhono leseva leWebhu lokugcwalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi olungekho emthethweni nolwabaphathi. Qaphela ukuthi ama-URL ahlobene angasetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezinjengalezi lapho ulwazi olusungulwe khona nolwazi lweprotocol olusungulwa.
Ukunciphisa i-URL
Ama-URL ajwayelekile kumasayithi eWebhusayithi anamuhla ajwayelekile ukuba abe namacici amade ombhalo. Ngoba ukwabelana nge-URL eside kakhulu ku-Twitter nakweminye imidiya yezenhlalakahle kuyinkimbinkimbi, izinkampani eziningana ezakhelwe abahumushi be-intanethi abaguqula i-URL egcwele (ephelele) ibe yifushane kakhulu ekusebenziseni kumanethiwekhi abo omphakathi. Abancanyana be-URL abathandwayo balolu hlobo bafaka i-t.co (esetshenziswa ne-Twitter) ne-lnkd.in (esetshenziswa ne-LinkedIn).
Amanye ama- URL anciphisa amasevisi afana ne-bit.ly ne-goo.gl asebenza kuwo wonke ama-intanethi hhayi nje ngamasayithi athile omphakathi wezokuxhumana.
Ngaphezu kokunikeza indlela elula yokwabelana ngezixhumanisi nabanye, ezinye izinhlelo ze-URL zokunciphisa nazo zinikeza ngamanani wokuchofoza. Abambalwa futhi balinda ngokusetshenziswa okungalungile ngokuhlola indawo ye-URL ngokumelene nezinhlu zezizinda ze-inthanethi ezisolisayo.