I-Transfer Protocol ye-File (FTP) ikuvumela ukudlulisela amakhophi amafayela phakathi kwamakhomphyutha amabili usebenzisa inqubo elula yenethiwekhi esekelwe ku- Inthanethi Protocol . I-FTP iyigama elisetshenzisiwe lapho libhekisela kwinqubo yokukopisha amafayela usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-FTP.
Umlando nokuthi i-FTP isebenza kanjani
I-FTP yasungulwa phakathi neminyaka yama-1970 nango-1980 ukusekela ukwabiwa kwefayela ku- TCP / IP namanethiwekhi angaphezulu. Le protocol ilandela imodeli ye- client-server yokuxhumana. Ukudlulisa amafayela nge-FTP, umsebenzisi uqhuba uhlelo lwekhasimende le-FTP futhi uqala uxhumano kumakhompuyutha akude asebenzisa isofthiwe yesiphakeli se-FTP. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuxhumeka kusungulwe, iklayenti ingakhetha ukuthumela futhi / noma ukuthola amakhophi amafayela, ama-singly noma ngamaqembu.
Amakhasimende okuqala e-FTP ayeyizinhlelo zokulayisha imigqa yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze Unix; Abasebenzisi be-Unix bagijima ngohlelo lomlayenti welayini lomyalo we-'pp 'ukuxhuma kuma-server we-FTP futhi ungalayisha noma ulanda amafayela. Ukuhluka kohlelo lwe-FTP olubizwa ngokuthi i- Trivial Transfer Protocol Protocol (TFTP) lakhiwe futhi ukuze lisekele izinhlelo zokugcina zekhompyutha. I-TFTP inikeza ukwesekwa okuyisisekelo okufanayo njenge-FTP kodwa nge-protocol elula futhi isethi yemilayezo inqunyelwe ekusebenzeni kokudluliswa kwamafayili okuvamile.Kamuva, isofthiwe yeklayenti ye- Windows FTP yathandwa njengoba abasebenzisi be-Microsoft Windows bakhetha ukuba babe nezixhumanisi zemifanekiso kumafayili we-FTP.
I-server ye-FTP ilalela ithebhu ye-TCP 21 yezicelo zokuxhuma ezivela kumakhasimende we-FTP. Iseva isebenzisa le port ukulawula uxhumano futhi ivula port ehlukile yokudlulisa idatha yefayela.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-FTP yokwabelana ngefayela
Ukuxhuma kuseva ye-FTP, iklayenti idinga igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi njengoba isethwe ngumlawuli wesiphakeli. Izingosi eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi i- FTP amasayithi azidingi iphasiwedi kepha esikhundleni salandela umhlangano okhethekile owamukela noma yiliphi iklayenti elisetshenziswa "elingaziwa" njengegama lomsebenzisi. Noma yikuphi isayithi le-FTP elisesidlangalaleni noma eliyimfihlo, amaklayenti ahlonza iseva ye-FTP noma ngekheli layo le-IP (njenge-192.168.0.1) noma ngegama layo lomkhosi (njenge-ftp.about.com).
Amakhasimende e-FTP alula afakwe nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza zenethiwekhi, kodwa iningi lala maklayenti (afana ne-FTP.EXE ku-Windows) asekela isikhombimsebenzisi sokungahambisani nomngane-mnandi. Amaklayenti amaningi e-third party e-FTP asetshenziselwe ukuthi asekele ama-interfaces womsebenzisi we-graphic (GUI) nezinye izici ezengeziwe zokuzikhethela.
I-FTP isekela izindlela ezimbili zokudluliswa kwedatha: umbhalo ocacile (ASCII), futhi kanambambili. Ubeka imodi kumlayenti we-FTP. Iphutha elivamile lapho usebenzisa i-FTP izama ukudlulisa ifayela elibhaliwe (njengehlelo noma ifayela lomculo) ngenkathi kumodi yombhalo, okwenza ifayela elidlulisiwe lingabi namandla.
Izindlela ezihlukile ku-FTP
Izinhlelo zokwabelana ngefayela (Peer-to-Peer) (i-P2P) njengezinhlelo ze-BitTorrent zinikeza amafomu aphambili futhi aphephile wekwabelana ngefayela kunezinhlinzeko zobuchwepheshe be-FTP. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zokwabiwa kwefayela zamafu zanamuhla njengeBhokisi neDropbox ziye zaqeda kakhulu isidingo se-FTP kwi-inthanethi.