Umhlahlandlela wamakilasi ekhelini lekheli le-intanethi, ukusakazwa, nokuningi
Amakilasi we-IP asetshenziselwa ukusiza ekunikezeni amakheli e- IP kumanethiwekhi anezidingo ezahlukene zesayizi. Isikhala sekheli le-IPv4 IP singahlukaniswa ngezigaba zamakheli ezinhlanu okuthiwa i-Class A, B, C, D, no-E.
Iklasi ngalinye le-IP liqukethe i-subset ephathekayo yobubanzi bekheli le-IPv4 jikelele. Esinye isigaba esinjalo sigcinelwe kuphela amakheli amaningi, okuwukuthi uhlobo lokudluliswa kwedatha lapho ulwazi olubhekiswe kukhompyutha olulodwa luqondiswa khona ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Amakilasi ekheli le-IP ne-Numbering
Amanani ezinkinobho ezine ezingakwesokunxele zekheli le-IPv4 zikhomba isigaba salo. Isibonelo, wonke amakheli e-Class C anezinkinobho ezintathu ezibekwe eceleni ezibekwe ku- 110 , kodwa ngamunye wezinsimbi ezingu-29 ezisele zingase zibekwe ku- 0 noma 1 ngokuzimela (njengamelwa yi-x kulezi zikhundla ezincane):
XXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxUkuguqula okungenhla ku-notation yedayimenti ecacile, kulandela ukuthi wonke amakheli e-Class C awela ebangeni kusukela ku-192.0.0.0 kuya ku-223.255.255.255.
Ithebula elingezansi lichaza amanani ekheli le-IP namabanga eklasini ngalinye. Qaphela ukuthi ezinye zekheli lekheli le-IP alifakiwe ku-Class E ngezizathu ezikhethekile njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi.
| Isigaba | Izinkinobho ezingakwesokunxele | Qala kweRange | Ukuphela kweRange | Amakheli esamba |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536.870.912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268.435,456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268.435,456 |
Ikheli lekheli le-IP E ne-Broadcast Limited
I- IPv4 standarding standarding ichaza amakheli e-Class E njengoba igcinwe , okusho ukuthi akufanele isetshenziswe kumanethiwekhi e-IP. Ezinye izinhlangano zocwaningo zisebenzisa amakheli e-Class E ngezinhloso zokuhlola. Noma kunjalo, amadivayisi azama ukusebenzisa la amakheli e-intanethi ngeke akwazi ukuxhumana kahle.
Uhlobo olukhethekile lwekheli le-IP likheli elilinganiselwe lokusakaza 255.255.255.255. Ukusakazwa kwenethiwekhi kuhilela ukuletha umlayezo ovela kumthumeli oyedwa kubamukeli abaningi. Abathumeli baqondisa ukusakazwa kwe-IP ku-255.255.255.255 ukukhombisa zonke ezinye izakhi endaweni yenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) kufanele ziqoqe lo mlayezo. Lokhu kusakazwa "kukhawulelwe" ngokuthi akufinyeleli yonke i-node ku-intanethi; ama-nodes kuphela ku-LAN.
I-Inthanethi ye-Inthanethi ibeka ngokusemthethweni wonke amakheli kusuka ku-255.0.0.0 kuya ku-255.255.255.255 ukuze kusakazwe, futhi lolu hlu alufanele lubhekwe njengengxenye yohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-Class E.
Ikheli lekheli le-IP D ne-Multicast
I-IPv4 standarding standarding ichaza amakheli e-Class D njengalokhu igcinwe nge-multicast. I-Multicast iyindlela inqubo ye-intanethi yokuchaza amaqembu amadivayisi amaklayenti nokuthumela imilayezo kuphela kulelo qembu kunokuba yonke idivayisi ku-LAN (ukusakaza) noma enye enye i-node (unicast).
I-multicast isetshenziswe kakhulu kumanethiwekhi ocwaningo. Njengeka-Class E, amakheli e-Class D akufanele asetshenziswe ama-nodes ajwayelekile e-intanethi.