Indlela Ukuxazulula Kwevidiyo Kusebenza Kanjani

by URobert Silva

Lapho iso lihlangana nesibuko ...

Uma uthengela i-TV, isidlali se-Blu-ray Disc, umdlali we-DVD, noma ikhamera, umthengisi uhlale ebonakala esho ukuxazulula isikhathi. Imigqa lena kanye namaphikseli njalonjalo ... Ngemva kwesikhashana, akukho okunye okubonakala kubonakala kunengqondo. Nansi okudingeka ukwazi.

Yisiphi Isixazululo sevidiyo

Isithombe sevidiyo sakhiwe imigqa yokuskena (ama-analog video wokuqopha / amadivaysi okudlala kanye nama-TV) noma amaphikseli (amadivaysi okurekhoda / okudlala ama-digital, i- LCD, iPlasma, i-OLED TV ). Inombolo yemigqa yokuskena noma amaphikseli inquma ukurekhodwa noma ukuboniswa kwesinqumo.

Ngokungafani nefilimu, lapho isithombe sonke siboniswa khona esikrinini kanyekanye, izithombe zevidiyo zikhonjiswa ngokuhlukile.

Indlela Izithombe Zabantu Eziboniswa Ngayo

Isithombe se-TV sakhiwe imigqa noma imigqa yamaphikseli ngaphesheya kweskrini kusukela phezulu kwesikrini futhi ihamba phansi. Le migqa noma imigqa ingaboniswa ngezindlela ezimbili.

Indlela yokuqala ukuthi izithombe zingaboniswa ngokuhlukanisa imigqa zibe amasimu amabili lapho yonke imigqa engavamile ekhonjisiwe iboniswa kuqala bese yonke imigqa elandelwe ngisho iboniswa ukuxhunyaniswa noma ukuskena ngaphakathi .
Indlela yesibili, esetshenziselwa imvelo yevidiyo yedijithali, iskena ngokuqhubekayo . Esikhundleni sokubonisa imigqa kwezinye izinsimu ezimbili, ukuskena okuqhubekayo kuvumela imigqa ukuba iboniswe ngokulandelana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kokubili imigqa engaqondakali ngisho nemibalo iboniswa ngokulandelana kwamanani.

Ama-TV we-CRT (ama-TV asebenzisa ama-tubes wesithombe) angenziwa ukuze abonise izithombe ezenziwe ngaphakathi noma eziqhubekayo, kodwa ama-TV-panel panel (i-LCD, i-Plasma, i-OLED) angabonisa izithombe ngokuqhubekayo - uma ebhekene nesignali yesithombe esingaphakathi, iphaneli flat I-TV izophinda iphinde icubungulwe ulwazi lwamavidiyo alandelanayo ukuze liboniswe kancane kancane.

Ividiyo ye-Analog - Isiqalo sokuqala

Uma kuziwa ukuthi sibheka kanjani ukulungiswa kwevidiyo, ividiyo ye-analog iyisiqalo sokuqala. Nakuba okuningi kwalokho esibukele ku-TV kuvela emithonjeni ye-digital, imithombo ethile ye-analog namathelevishini zisasebenza.

Kuvidiyo ye-analog, ikhudlwana inani lemigqa yokuskena ecacile, ngokuningiliziwe isithombe. Noma kunjalo, inani lemigqa yokuskena elihle lihleliwe ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Nakhu ukubuka ukuthi isinqumo sisebenza kanjani ku- NTSC, PAL, naku-SECAM amavidiyo we-analog video.

I-NTSC isekelwe emigqeni engu-525, emasimini angu-60 / ama-30 ozimele ngomzuzwana, ohlelweni lwe-60Hz lokudlulisa nokubonisa izithombe zevidiyo. Lena yinkimbinkimbi ehleliwe lapho ifreyimu ngayinye iskena emikhawulweni emibili yemigqa engu-262, ehlangene ukuze ibonise uhlaka lwevidiyo ngemigqa engu-525 yokuskena. Amazwe asekelwe e-NTSC afaka i-US, Canada, Mexico, izingxenye ezithile zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, eJapane, eTaiwan naseKorea.
I-PAL eyayiyifomethi esetshenzisiwe kakhulu ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe ase-NTSC asetshenziselwa ukusakaza ithelevishini ye-analog nokubonisa ividiyo, isekelwe kumzila we-625, 50 wamasimu / ama-25 wesibili, uhlelo lwe-50HZ. Isibonakaliso sihamba phakathi, njenge-NTSC emasimini amabili, enamakhasi angu-312 ngayinye. Izici ezihlukanisayo ze-PAL ziyisithombe esiphezulu kunazo zonke kune-NTSC ngenxa yenani elandayo lemigqa yokuskena, futhi ngoba umbala wawuyingxenye yezinga kusukela ekuqaleni , ukungafani kombala phakathi kweziteshi nama-TV kungcono kakhulu. Amazwe asebenzisa uhlelo lwe-PAL afaka i-UK, i-Germany, iSpain, iPortugal, i-Italy, i-China, i-India, iningi le-Afrika, ne-Middle East.

I-SECAM yiyona "i-outlaw" yamazinga wevidiyo we-analog. Njenge-PAL, ingu-625 umugqa, amasimu angu-50 / ama-25 ozimele ngesistimu ephakathi kwesigaba sesibili, kodwa ingxenye yombala isetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile kune-PAL noma i-NTSC. Amazwe asebenzise uhlelo lwe-SECAM afaka i-France, iRussia, i-Eastern Europe, nezinye izingxenye zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Inombolo yemigqa yokuskena, noma ukulungiswa okuqondile , kwe-NTSC / PAL / SECAM, ihlala njalo yokuthi yonke i-analog video yokurekhoda nokusebenza kwemishini ihambisana namazinga angenhla. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwemigqa yokuskena, inani lamachashazi aboniswe ngaphakathi komugqa ngamunye esikrinini linikeza isici esaziwa ngokuthi isinqumo esiqondile esingashintsha kuye kokubili ikhono lokurekhoda ividiyo / ukudlala idivayisi ukurekhoda amachashazi kanye nekhono kokuqapha ividiyo ukubonisa amachashazi esikrinini.

Ukusebenzisa i-NTSC njengesibonelo, kunezingqikithi ezingu-525 zokuskena (ukulungiswa okuqondile), kodwa imigqa engu-485 yokuskena isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imininingwane eyisisekelo esithombeni (imigqa esele ifakwe ngolwazi ngolunye ulwazi, njengamazwibela okuvaliwe kanye nolunye ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ). Ama-TV amaningi anama-analog okungenani amaphuzu we-AV angaboniswa angabonisa imigqa engu-450 yesinqumo esingezansi, enezigqila eziphezulu ezikwazi ukuningi okuningi.

Okulandelayo luhlu lwemithombo yevidiyo ye-analog nokucaciswa kwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe. Okunye okushiwo ohlwini kubangelwa ububanzi bekhwalithi yezinhlobo ezahlukene namamodeli wemikhiqizo esebenzisa ifomethi ngayinye.

I-VHS / VHS-C - imigqa engu-220 kuya ku-240
Imigqa ye- BETA - 250
8mm - 250 kuya ku-280 imigqa
I-SuperBETA - imigqa engu-270 kuya ku-280
Ukusakaza kwe-Analog TV - imigqa engu-330
I-TV ye-Analog ye-Cable - imigqa engu-330
Ikhebula le-Digital Standard - Kuze kube nemigqa engu-480 (ku-480i) nge-output analog video. Amaphikseli angu-720x480 (480i noma 480p) nge- HDMI (idijithali) okukhipha ividiyo.
I-S-VHS / S-VHSC - imigqa engu-400
I-DVD-R / -RW / + R / + RW - 250 kuya ku-400 + imigqa (Kuncike ekumoyeni okuqoshiwe nokucindezelwa okusetshenzisiwe).
I-Laserdisc - imigqa engu-400 kuya ku-425
I-Hi8 - 380 kuya ku-440 imigqa
Imigqa ye- Digital 8 - 400 kuya ku-500
miniDV - imigqa engu-400 kuya ku-520
microMV - imigqa engu-500
ED BETA - imigqa engu-500
I-DVD yezohwebo - imigqa engu-480 (aka 480i) nge-output analog video. Amaphikseli angu-720x480 (480i noma 480p) nge-HDMI (idijithali) okukhipha ividiyo.

Njengoba ungabona, kukhona umehluko omkhulu ekunqumweni ukuthi amafomethi wevidiyo ahlukile ahambisana nawo. I-VHS isezansi ekugcineni, kuyilapho i-miniDV ne-DVD (uma usebenzisa i-analog video output) imelela izinqumo eziphezulu kakhulu zevidiyo ze-analog eziye zavame ukusetshenziswa.

Kodwa-ke, esinye isici okumelwe sicatshangelwe ukuthi indlela yokulungisa ishiwo kanjani nge-Digital ne-HDTV.

Njengoba nje kuvidiyo ye-analog kukhona kokubili okuyingxenye eqondile futhi enezingqimba ekubonisweni kwevidiyo yedijithali. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sesithombe esiphezulu esiboniswe ku-DTV ne-HDTV sibhekwa ngokuya kwenombolo yamaphikseli esibukweni kunemigqa. I-pixel ngayinye iqukethe i-subpixel ebomvu, eluhlaza, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Amazinga we-Digital TV Resolution

Kumanje izindinganiso ze-digital digital , kunezingqikithi ezingu-18 zendlela yokuxazulula ividiyo ezivunyelwe yi-FCC ukuze zisetshenziswe ohlelweni lwezokusakaza kwe-TV (US also used in many channels / satellite channel). Ngenhlanhla, kumthengi, kunezintathu kuphela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezisakazwa ngabasakazo be-TV, kodwa wonke amathrekhi we-HDTV ahambisana nawo wonke amafomethi angu-18.

Amafomu amathathu wokulungisa asetshenziswe kudijithali ne-HDTV yi:

I-480p - Emele ngamaphikseli angu-720 asebenza ngaphesheya kwesikrini nama-pixel angu-480 agijima kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Umugqa ngamunye wamaphikseli uboniswa kancane kancane. Inani eliphelele lamaphikseli aboniswe esikrinini ngu-345,600.
I-720p - Emele ngamaphikseli angu-1280 asebenza ngaphesheya kwesikrini namaphikiseli angu-720 agijima kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Umugqa ngamunye wamaphikseli uboniswa kancane kancane. Inani eliphelele lamaphikseli aboniswe esikrinini ngu-921,600.
I-1080i - Emele ngamaphikiseli angu-1,920 asebenza ngaphesheya kwesikrini namaphikseli angu-1,080 asebenza kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Umugqa ngamunye wamaphikseli uboniswa ngendlela ehlelekile (yonke imigqa engavamile, elandelwa yizo zonke imigqa ebalwa). Inani eliphelele lamaphikseli aboniswe esikrinini ngu-2,073,600 (isigamu samaphikseli aboniswa ngesikhathi).

1080p

Nakuba kungasetshenzisiwe ekusakazeni kwe-TV (kuze kufinyelele kuleli phuzu), ifomethi ye - Blu-ray disc , ukusakaza , nezinye izinsizakalo zekhebula / satellite zikwazi ukuletha okuqukethwe kusixazululo se-1080p

I-1080p imelela amaphikseli angu-1,920 asebenza kuwo wonke isikrini, futhi amaphikseli angu-1,080 asebenza ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, umugqa ngamunye we-pixel ohamba phambili ubonisa kancane kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke amaphikseli angu-2,073,600 aboniswa kwesenzo esisodwa. Lokhu kufana nendlela i-720p iboniswa ngayo kodwa ngenani elikhulayo lamaphikseli ngaphesheya nangaphansi kweskrini, futhi nakuba isinqumo sifana ne-1080i, akuwona wonke amaphikseli aboniswa ngesikhathi esifanayo .

I-HDTV vs EDTV

Ngisho noma ungafaka isithombe sesinqumo esithile ku-HDTV yakho, i-TV yakho ingenakho ikhono lokuzala lonke ulwazi. Kulesi simo, isignali ivame ukuphindaphindiwe (i-scaled) ukuze ivumelane nenombolo nosayizi wamaphikseli esikrinini sangokwenyama.

Isibonelo, isithombe esinesiphakamiso se-pixels ka-1920x1080 singalinganiswa ukuze silingane no-1366x768, 1280x720, 1024x768, 852x480, noma enye insimu ye-pixel etholakalayo ngokusebenza kwe-TV. Ukulahlekelwa okukodwa kwemininingwane empeleni okuhlangene nombukeli kuzoxhomeka ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu beskrini nokubukwa ibanga kusuka esikrinini.

Uma uthenga i-TV, akubalulekile kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukufaka ama-480p, 720p, 1080i, noma ezinye izinqumo zevidiyo ongase uzifinyelele kuzo, kodwa futhi kufanele ucabangele insimu yephikseli ye-TV (nokuthi ngabe upconversion / downconversion isetshenziswa).

Ukuze ungene eminye imininingwane, i-TV okumelwe ihlehlise isignali ye-HDTV (njenge-720p, 1080i, noma i-1080p) kusizinda sepikseli ka-852x480 (480p) njengesibonelo, kuthiwa yi-EDTV hhayi i-HDTVs. I-EDTV imelela i-Telefinition Definition Television.

Isidingo Sokuxazulula Ukukhangisa Kweqiniso kwe-HD

Uma i-TV inezixazululo zokubonisa ezibukwayo okungenani 720p, ifaneleka njenge-HDTV. Ama-LCD amaningi nama-Plasma TV asetshenziswayo, isibonelo, unesinqumo sokubonisa isibalo se- 1080p (i-HD ephelele) . Ngakho-ke, uma ubhekene nesignali yokufaka engu-480i / p, 720p, noma engu-1080i, i-TV izokhipha isignali ku-1080p ukuze uyibuke esikrinini.

Upscaling ne-DVD

Nakuba i-DVD evamile ayiyona ifomethi ephezulu yokuxazulula, abaningi abadlali be-DVD banamandla okukhipha isignali yevidiyo ngo-720p, 1080i, noma ngo-1080p nge- upscaling . Lokhu kuvumela ividiyo ye-DVD player ukuthi ikhishwe ukuze ihambisane eduze nekhono le-HDTV, nemininingwane eminingi ebonakalayo yesithombe. Noma kunjalo, khumbula ukuthi imiphumela ye-upscaling ayifani ne-720p yase-native, i-1080i, noma i-1080p yesinqumo, ukulinganisa kwesibalo.

I-upscaling yevidiyo isebenza kahle kuma-pixel ekhombisa ukubonisa, njenge-LCD noma i-Plasma isethi, ukuphakama kungabangela izithombe ezinonya kuma-projection asekelwe ku-CRT nase-CRT asekelwe kulayini.

Ngaphesheya kwe-1080p

Kuze kube ngu-2012 isinqumo sevidiyo se-1080p siphezulu kakhulu ukuze sisebenzise kuma-TV, futhi sisanikeza ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu kubabukeli abaningi be-TV. Kodwa-ke, ngesidingo sobukhulu bezinkrini zesikrini ezikhudlwana, ama- pixel angu-4K (3480 x 2160 pixels noma i-2160p) wethulwa ukuletha isithombe esicacisiwe esicacisiwe, ikakhulukazi ngokuhambisana namanye ubuchwepheshe, njengokuthuthukisa ukukhanya kwe-HDR ne-WCG (ububanzi bombala obubanzi ). Futhi, njengoba upscaling isetshenziselwa ukwandisa imininingwane ebonakalayo yemithombo ephansi yokuxazulula kuma-HDTV, i-4K Ultra HD TV ingaba nemithombo yomsindo we-upscale ukuze ibonakale kangcono esikrinini sayo.

Okuqukethwe okungu-4K okwamanje kuyatholakala kwi- Ultra HD Blu-ray Disc futhi ukhethe amasevisi wokusakaza, njenge- Netflix , i- Vudu , ne-Amazon.

Yiqiniso, njengoba izigidi zabathengi zisetshenziselwa i-4K Ultra HD TV, i- 8K Resolution (7840 x 4320 pixels - 4320p) isendleleni.

Isixazululo vs Usayizi Weskrini

Into eyodwa okumelwe icatshangelwe yukuthi nge-TV yedijithali yedijithali yedijithali inombolo yamaphikseli ngesinqumo esithile sokubonisa asishintshi njengoba usayizi weskrini ushintsha. Ngamanye amazwi, i-TV engu-32 intshi engu-1080p inezinombolo ezifanayo zamaphikseli esibukweni njengama-TV-55 intshi engu-1080p. Kukhona njalo amaphikiseli angu-1,920 asebenza ngaphesheya kweskrini, umugqa ngamunye, namaphikseli angu-1,080 egijima phezulu nangaphansi kwesibuko ngokuqondile, kukholomu ngayinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphikseli ku-TV ye-10-in-55-intshi ye-TV izoba mkhulu kunama-pixels ku-TV engu-32-intshi engu-1080p ukuze ugcwalise ubuso besikrini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba usayizi weskrini uguquka, inani lamaphikseli ngokushintsha kwe- intshi .

Okubalulekile

Uma usalokhu udidekile kakhulu mayelana nokuxazululwa kwevidiyo, awuyedwa. Khumbula, ukuxazulula ividiyo kungachazwa kumigqa noma ngamaphikseli kanye nenombolo yemigqa noma amaphikseli anquma ukuxazulula umthombo noma i-TV. Noma kunjalo, ungabanjwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinombolo zokuxazulula ividiyo. Bheka ngale ndlela, i-VHS ibheka kahle ku-TV-13 intshi, kodwa "i-crappy" esikrinini esikhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxazulula akuyona into kuphela eyenza isithombe esihle se-TV. Izici ezengeziwe, ezifana nokunemba kombala nokuthi sibona kanjani umbala , isilinganiso sokuphambene, ukukhanya, i-angle yokubukwa esiphezulu, noma ngabe isithombe sithinteka noma sithuthuka, ngisho nendawo yokukhanyisa yonke ibambe iqhaza kwikhwalithi yesithombe osibona esibukweni.

Ungaba nesithombe esicacile kakhulu, kodwa uma ezinye izinto ezibalulwe zingasetshenziswa kahle, une-TV enhle kakhulu. Ngisho nezobuchwepheshe, njenge-upscaling, ama-TV angcono kakhulu akakwazi ukwenza umthombo ompofu wokufaka ubheke okuhle. Eqinisweni, i-TV evamile yokusakaza kanye nemithombo yevidiyo ye-analog (ngesinqumo sabo esincane) ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala ibimbi nakakhulu kwi-HDTV kunokuba isetshenziswe kahle, isethi ye-analog.