Iskena Esiqhubekayo - Isisekelo sokucubungula ividiyo
Njengoba isingeniso salo maphakathi nawo-1990, i-DVD ibe yinkomba yokuvuselela indlu yaseshashalazini. Njengoba ikhwalithi yayo yesithombe esithuthukisiwe kakhulu nge-VHS ne-analog TV, iDVD ibonise ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezokuzijabulisa ekhaya. Enye yezinkokhelo eziyinhloko zeDVD kwakuwukuqashwa kwendlela yokuhlola yokuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokubuka i-TV.
I-Interlaced Scan - Isisekelo Sokuboniswa Kwevidiyo Yendabuko
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kulokho okukhiphayo okuqhubekayo nokubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukiseni isipiliyoni sokubukwa kwe-TV, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela izithombe ze-analog zevidiyo eziboniswa ngayo esikrinini se-TV. Amasignali we-Analog TV , afana nalawo avela esiteshini sendawo, inkampani yekhebula, noma i-VCR iboniswe esikrinini se-TV usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i-Interlaced Scan. Kwakukhona izinhlelo ezimbili zokuskena eziphambili ezisetshenziswayo: i- NTSC ne- PAL .
- I-NTSC isekelwe ohlelweni lwemigqa engu-525, amasimu angu-60 / ama-30 ozimele ngomzuzwana kuma-60 Hz wokudlulisela nokubonisa izithombe zevidiyo. Lena yinkimbinkimbi ehleliwe lapho ifreyimu ngayinye iskena emikhawulweni emibili yemigqa engu-262, ehlangene ukuze ibonise uhlaka lwevidiyo ngemigqa engu-525 yokuskena. Amazwe anesisekelo se-NTSC yi-US, Canada, Mexico, izingxenye ezithile zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, eJapane, eTaiwan naseKorea.
- I-PAL isekelwe kumzila we-625, amasimu angu-50 / ama-25 wesibili, uhlelo lwe-50HZ. Isibonakaliso siyaphambana, njenge-NTSC, emasimini amabili, enziwe imigqa engu-312 ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PAL inesilinganiso sefreyimu esiseduze nalokho yefilimu. I-PAL inesilinganiso se-frame yesilinganiso sesi-25 ngomzuzwana, ngenkathi okuqukethwe kwefilimu kusekelwe kwisilinganiso samahlaka ozimele angu-24 ngomzuzwana. Amazwe anesisekelo sesistimu ye-PAL afaka i-UK, i-Germany, iSpain, iPortugal, i-Italy, i-China, i-India, iningi le-Afrika, ne-Middle East.
Yisiphi Iskena Esiqhubekayo
Njengoba kufika amakhompiyutha wedeskithophu asekhaya nasehhovisi, kwafunyanwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-TV yendabuko yokuboniswa kwezithombe zekhompyutha akuzange kube nemiphumela emihle, ikakhulukazi ngombhalo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yemiphumela yobuchwepheshe bokuskena phakathi. Ukuze ukhiqize indlela ejabulisa kakhulu futhi ecacile yokubonisa izithombe kukhompyutha, ubuchwepheshe bokuskena buqhubekayo.
Ukuskena okuqhubekayo kuhluke ngokuskena okuphambene nalokho ukuthi isithombe siboniswa esikrinini ngokuskena umugqa ngamunye (noma umugqa wamaphikseli) ngokulandelana okulandelanayo kunokulandelana okunye, njengoba kwenziwa nge-scan interlaced. Ngamanye amazwi, kulayini okuqhubekayo, imigqa yesithombe (noma imigqa ye-pixel) iskenwa ngokulandelana kwamanani (1,2,3) phansi kweskrini kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, esikhundleni somunye umyalelo (imigqa noma imigqa 1.3, 5, njll ... kulandela imigqa noma imigqa 2.4,6).
Ngokuskena isithwebuli ngokuqhubekayo kwesithombe esibukweni ngokushona okukodwa kunekwakhiwa kwesithombe ngokuhlanganisa ama-halves amabili, isithombe esicwebezelayo, esinemininingwane eningi singaboniswa esingcono kakhulu ekubukeni imininingwane emihle, njengombhalo nokunyakaza futhi kuncane okusemandleni okukuhambisa ukuphoqa.
Uma sibona lobu buchwepheshe njengendlela yokuthuthukisa indlela esibheka ngayo izithombe esikrinini sevidiyo, ubuchwepheshe bokuskena obuqhubekayo buphinde busetshenziswe kwiDVD.
Umfutho wokungabaza
Ngokufika kwencazelo enkulu ephezulu yesikrini Plasma , i- LCD TV, namavidiyo weprojekthi , isinqumo esakhiwe yi-TV yendabuko, i-VCR, nemithombo ye-DVD ayizange iphinde yenziwe kahle ngendlela yokuskena ephakathi.
Ukuze uhlawule, ngaphezu kokuskena okuqhubekayo, abenzi be-TV bafaka nomqondo we-Line Doubling.
Nakuba kunezindlela eziningi lokhu kungasetshenziswa, engqondweni yayo, i-TV enekhono lokuphinda kabili idala "imigqa emkhatsini wemigqa", ehlanganisa izici zomugqa ngenhla nelayini elingezansi ukuze unikeze ukubonakala kwesithombe sokulungiswa okuphezulu. Le migqa emisha yabe isetshenziselwa isakhiwo sokuqala komugqa bese yonke imigqa isetshenzwa kancane kwesikrini sethelevishini.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokulayishwa komugqa wukuthi lezo zinto zokuhamba zingabangela, njengoba imigqa esanda kudalwa nayo kufanele ihambisane nesenzo esithombeni. Ukuze uhlehlise izithombe, ukucutshungulwa kwevidiyo engeziwe kuyadingeka ngokuvamile.
3: 2 Pulldown - Ukudlulisa Ifilimu Kuvidiyo
Nanobe umzamo wokuphenya okuqhubekayo nomugqa wokuphindaphindiwe wokubhekana nokuhluleka kokubonisa izithombe zevidiyo, kukhona enye inkinga evimbela ukubonisa okunembile kwama-movie kudutshulwa ekuqaleni kwefilimu ukuze ibhekwe kahle ku-TV. Amadivayisi womthombo we-PAL asekelwe e-PAL, lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu njengoba izinga le-frame ye-PAL nesilinganiso sohlaka lwefilimu sisondele kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa okuncane kuyadingeka ekuboniseni ifilimu ngokunembile kusikrini se-PAL TV. Noma kunjalo, akunjalo nge-NTSC.
Inkinga nge-NTSC yukuthi amafilimu ngokuvamile adutshulwa kumafomu angu-24 ngomzuzwana futhi ividiyo ye-NTSC ikhiqizwa futhi iboniswe kumafomu angu-30 ngomzuzwana.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ifilimu idluliselwa kwiDVD (noma i-videotape) ohlelweni olusekelwe ku-NTSC, amazinga ohlaka lwamafilimu nevidiyo kufanele aqondiswe. Uma uke wazama ukudlulisa i-movie yekhaya engu-8 noma engu-16mm ngokudlala nge-movie isikrini se-movie njengoba i-movie iboniswa, uzoyiqonda le nkinga. Njengoba amafrimu ama-movie ahlongozwa kumafremu angu-24 ngomzuzwana, futhi i-camcorder ithinta amafomu angu-30 ngomzuzwana, izithombe zefilimu zizobonisa ukusebenza okunzima kakhulu lapho udlala i-videotape yakho emuva. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi amafreyimu esikrinini ahamba ngokuhamba kancane kunama-video ozimele ekhamera, futhi njengoba ukunyakaza kwefreyimu kungavumelani, lokhu kuveza ukusebenza okunzima kakhulu lapho ifilimu idluliselwa kuvidiyo ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa.
Ukuze uqede ukupholisa, lapho ifilimu idluliselwa ngokufanele kwividiyo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-DVD, i-VHS, noma enye ifomethi), isilinganiso sefrimu yefilimu "sokwaziswa" ngefomula esondelana kakhulu nesilinganiso sefrimu yefrimu kwisilinganiso sohlaka lwevidiyo.
Noma kunjalo, umbuzo uhlala ngokuqondene nokuthi ungakubonisa kanjani ngokunembile ku-TV.
Iskena Esiqhubekayo no-3: 2 Pulldown
Ukuze ubone ifilimu esimweni sayo esilungile, kufanele iboniswe emafreyimini angu-24 ngesigamu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-projection noma i-TV yesikrini.
Ukuze wenze lokhu ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka ohlelweni olusekelwe ku-NTSC, umthombo, njengomdlali we-DVD udinga ukutholakala kwe-3ld 2 ye-pulldown, ukuguqula inqubo ye-3: 2 yokudonsa okusetshenziselwa ukufaka ividiyo ku-DVD, futhi uyikhiphe kumafomu angu-24 okuqala ngefomethi yesibili, ngenkathi ihambisana nezilungiselelo ezingu-30 ngesistimu yokubonisa ividiyo yesibili.
Lokhu kufezwa ngumdlali we-DVD ohlonyelwe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-MPEG lokumisa kabusha, okuhlangene nalokho okubhekwa ngokuthi i-deinterlacer efunda isignali yevidiyo ye-pulldown ye-3: 2 ephuma ku-DVD futhi ihlunga amafomethi wefilimu afanele kusuka kumafomethi wevidiyo , ihlaziya lezo zimele ngokuqhubekayo, yenza noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwe-artifact, bese idlulisela lesi siginali sevidiyo ngomsindo oqhubekayo wokukhipha amandla (Y, Pb, Pr) noma uxhumano lwe-HDMI .
Uma i-DVD yakho idinga ukuskena okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutholakala kwe-pulldown engu-3: 2, izobe ishicilela isithombe esishelelekile kunevidiyo yendabuko yangaphakathi, njengoba i-DVD eqhubekayo yokudlala i-DVD izofunda isithombe esivela phakathi kweDVD futhi iqhube isithombe esithuthukayo sesignali futhi sidlule ukuthi ku-TV noma iprojekti yevidiyo.
Kodwa-ke, uma umdlali we-DVD enezela ukutholakala kwe-3: 2 ukutholwa kwe-pulldown, ngeke kuphela ividiyo yakho ibonise isithombe esicwecwe kancane kancane, kodwa uzobona ifilimu ye-DVD ngendlela esondelene nayo ngangokunokwenzeka kulokho ozokubona kusuka iprojekthi yangempela yefilimu, ngaphandle kokuthi isekhona kusizinda sevidiyo.
Iskena se-Progressive ne-HDTV
Ngaphezu kwe-DVD, ukuskena okuqhubekayo kusetshenziselwa i- DTV, i-HDTV , i-Blu-ray Disc, nokusakazwa kwe-TV kanye.
Isibonelo, incazelo ejwayelekile ye-DTV isakazwa ngo-480p (izici ezifanayo njenge-DVD yokuqhubekayo yokuskena - imigqa engu-480 noma imigqa yamaphikseli iskena kancane kancane) futhi i-HDTV isakazwa noma yi- 720p (imigqa ye-720p noma imigqa yamaphikseli ishintshwa kancane kancane) noma 1080i (imigqa engu-1,080 noma i-pixel imigqa elandelwayo engxenyeni engu-540 ngayinye) . Ukuze uthole lezi zimpawu, udinga i-HDTV noma i-tuner ye-HDTV eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma i-HD engaphansi kwe-tuner, i-HD, noma i-Satellite box.
Okudingayo Ukufinyelela Iskena Esiqhubekayo
Ukuze ufinyelele ukuskena okuqhubekayo, kokubili isakhi somthombo, njengesidlali se-DVD, ikhebula le-HD, noma i-satellite box, ne-TV, ukubonisa ividiyo, noma iprojekti yevidyo kudingeka ibe ukukhipha okuqhubekayo okuhambayo (okuwukuthi konke okuthengwa ngo-2009 noma kamuva ), kanye nedivayisi yomthombo (i-DVD / Blu-ray Disc player, Ikhebula / Ibhokisi leSatellite), idinga ukuba nomphumela wevidiyo wokukhipha amandla we-scan-enabled, noma i- DVI (Digital Video Interface) noma i- HDMI (High Definition Multi-media Interface ) okukhishwayo okuvumela ukudluliselwa kwezithombe ezijwayelekile nezinkomba eziphezulu zokuskena kwithelevishini ehlomile ngendlela efanayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile okuhlanganisiwe ne-S-Video akudlulisi izithombe ezithwebulayo ezithwebulayo. Futhi, Uma ubambelela ekuphumeni kwe-scan okuqhubekayo ekufakweni kwe-TV okungenayo okuqhubekayo, ngeke uthole isithombe (lokhu kusebenza ngempela kuma-CRT amaningi we-TV - wonke ama-LCD, ama-Plasma, nama-OLED ama-TV ahambisanayo ngokuskena okuhambisanayo).
Ukuze ubheke ukuskena okuqhubekayo ne-reverse 3: 2 pulldown, noma umdlali we-DVD noma i-TV idinga ukutholakala kwe-3: 2 yokudonsa (hhayi inkinga nganoma yini ethengwe ngo-2009 noma kamuva). Okuthandayo kungaba yi-DVD player ene-3: 2 ukutholwa kwe-pulldown futhi empeleni yenze umsebenzi wokukhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngethelevishini ebonakalayo ekhishwayo ebonisa isithombe njengoba idliwe kusuka ku-DVD player. Kukhona okukhethwa kukho kwamenyu kokubili isidlali se-DVD esiqhubekayo nesithwebuli esingaqhubekayo (HDTV) esizokusiza ukusetha isidlali se-DVD esingaqhubekayo seshayiphu nekhono lethelevishini noma ividiyo.
Okubalulekile
Iskena se-Progressive ingenye yezisekelo zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukisa i-TV neyasekhaya yokubukwa kwezemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Njengoba kwase kuqala ukusebenza, izinto ziye zashintsha. I-DVD manje ihlala ne- Blu-ray , futhi i-HDTV ishintshelwa ku- 4K Ultra HD TV , futhi lokho kukhishwa okuqhubekayo akuyona nje kuphela ingxenye yendlela izithombe eziboniswa ngayo esikrinini, kodwa futhi inikeze isisekelo esengeziwe sokwenza ama-video wokucubungula amavidiyo, njengevidiyo upscaling .