Faka umbala we-Perception In The Real World naku-TV yakho
Emuva ngo-2015, ukubuza okulula mayelana nokuthi yini umbala isembatho esithile kubangele ukuba nesithakazelo esasakazeka endleleni esibheka ngayo umbala. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ikhono lokubona umbala luyinkimbinkimbi, hhayi okuqondile.
Lokho Esikubonayo Ngempela
Amehlo ethu aboni izinto zangempela, lokho okubonayo ngempela ukukhanya okuboniswa izinto. Umbala amehlo akho ubona umphumela wukuthi yiziphi izindiza zokukhanya ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo noma ezifakwe yizinto. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umbala owubonayo ulungile ngokuphelele.
Izingosi ezithinta umbala wokuqonda
Umbono wangempela wombala womhlaba uthintwa yizici eziningana:
- Izakhiwo zomzimba zento : Ama-longue of light light object abonisa noma abamba ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokwenza kwakhe.
- Isikhathi Sosuku: Into ibonakala ekuseni, ntambama, noma ukukhanya ebusuku.
- Indawo: Into ibonakala ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle (ilanga noma ilanga elibi) noma ukukhanya kwangaphakathi okufakelwa ngaphakathi (nohlobo lokukhanya kwangaphakathi).
- Umbala we-Perception: Ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo endleleni umbhangqwana womuntu ngamunye obona ngayo ama-wavevel color.
- Umbala wokuphulukisa: Ukuhluka okungajwayelekile kwendlela abanye abantu abona ngayo ama-wavevel color.
Ngaphandle kokubona kombala wangempela womhlaba, esithombeni, ekunyathelisweni nasevidiyo kunezici ezengeziwe okufanele uzicabangele:
- I-Instrument isetshenziswe ekuthathweni kwesithombe: Amandla ekhamera ukubona ama-wavevelths ombala ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sosuku nendawo.
- Idivaysi Yokubonisa Isetshenziselwa Ukuphindaphinda Lesi Sithombe: I- TV, Iprojekthi Yevidiyo, Phrinta iveza izithombe usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene.
- Ukubonisa noma Ukulinganisa Iphrinta: Uma ubukela isithombe esinyathelisiwe noma idivaysi yokubonisa ividiyo, izinga elivame ukulinganisa leyo divayisi yokukhiqiza umbala kuthinta lokho okubonayo.
Nakuba kukhona ukufana nokungafani embonweni wombala ngokuqondene nesithombe, ukuphrinta, nokusebenza kwevidiyo, ake singene kuhlangothi lwevidiyo le-equation.
Ukuthatha Umbala
- Okokuqala, kufanele "uthathe" isithombe. Ikhamera yevidiyo kufanele ibone ukukhanya kubonakalisa izinto bese kuvela ngendwangu. Ukukhanya okungenayo kufaka yonke imibala ekhonjiswe into noma izinto ezihlosiwe. Lokho kukhanya kufaka i-lensi bese kushaya i-chip (ezinsukwini zakudala, ngaphambi kwe-chips, ukukhanya kwakudingeka kudlule ithubhu ekhishwe ngokukhethekile).
- Uma ukukhanya kuhamba phezu kwe-chip, kunenqubo eqashwe yi-chip, futhi isekela izifunda, eziguqula ukukhanya zibe ngamapulane kagesi analog, noma amakhodi we-digital (1's, 0's). Isignali esaguqulwayo ithunyelwa kudivayisi elamukelayo (kulokhu i-TV noma iprojekti yevidiyo) ezoguqula ukushayela kagesi okungenayo (i-analog) noma ikhodi yedijithali iphinde ibe nesithombe esibonisiwe noma esibekwe esibukweni.Nokho, nansi lapho ithola amaqhinga. Njengoba ikhamera ithola ukukhanya kukhonjiswe into enikwe iphuzu elinikeziwe ngesikhathi futhi idivayisi yokubonisa kufanele inikeze umbala womphumela othunyelwe ngokunembile.
Njengoba kungenjalo ukuthi idivayisi yokubamba noma yokubonisa ingakwazi ukukhiqiza yonke imibala eboniswa yizinto zangempela zomhlaba, zombili amadivayisi kufanele "aziqagele" ngokusekelwe kumazinga athize "omuntu anziwe" wombala, onesisekelo saso, umbala oyinhloko owodwa imodeli. Ezenzweni zevidiyo, imodeli emithathu yombala imelwe yi-Red, Green, neBlue. Inhlanganisela ehlukene yemibala emithathu eyinhloko ku-ratios ehlukahlukene isetshenziselwa ukuphinda ibuyele imidwebo ye-grayscale nayo yonke imibala embala esiyibona emvelweni.
Ibonisa Umbala nge-Project TV noma iPhrojekthi
Njengoba kungekho ukufaneleka okucacile endleleni abantu ababona ngayo umbala emhlabeni wemvelo, futhi kukhona ukulinganiselwa okuthola umbala onembile usebenzisa ikhamera. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kanjani ekhaya lapho ubuka i-TV noma iprojekti yevidiyo?
Impendulo iphindwe kabili, uhlobo lobuchwepheshe olusetshenziselwa ukwenza iprojekthi ye-TV / ividiyo ukuthi ibonise izithombe nombala, futhi ilungise kahle ikhono labo lokubonisa umbala ngendlela enembile ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinga elimisiwe lombala.
Nansi ukubuka okufushane okubuchwepheshe bokubukwa kwevidiyo obusetshenziselwa ukubonisa kokubili i-B & W nemifanekiso yembala.
I-Technologies Emissive
- I-CRT - Igoli le-electron elivela entanyeni yesikhumulo sezithombe ihlukanisa imigqa ye-phosphors ngesisekelo-line-line ukuze kuvezwe isithombe. Njengoba i-boriti ihlasela i-phosphor ngayinye, i-phosphor ijabule futhi ikhiqiza isithombe. Umbala ukhiqizwa i-phosphors ebomvu, eluhlaza, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ejabule ngenhlanganisela efanele ukukhiqiza umbala othize.
- I-Plasma - I-Phosphors ifakwe igesi elibheke phezulu (elifana nokukhanya kwe-Fluorescent). Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-phosphors ebomvu, eluhlaza, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (okubizwa ngokuthi amaphikseli namaphikseli angaphansi) ukukhiqiza umbala okhethiwe.
- I-OLED - i-OLED ubuchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili ze-TV. Enye inketho i-WRGB, ehlanganisa ama-subpixel amhlophe a-OLED ayenziwa ngokuzihlunga nge-Red, Green, ne-Blue, kuyilapho enye inketho iwukusebenzisa ama-pixels angama-Red, aKwahlaza, neBlue awakhiphayo.
Technologies Transmissive
- Amaphikseli e- LCD - LCD awavezi ukukhanya kwawo. Ukuze i-LCD TV ibonise isithombe kusikrini se-TV, amaphikseli kufanele "abuyele". Okwenzekayo kule nqubo ukuthi ukukhanya okuhamba ngamaphikseli kufiphazwa ngokushesha noma kukhanya, kuye ngezidingo zesithombe. Uma amaphikseli anqanyuliwe ngokwanele, ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu kudlula, okwenza isikrini sibonakale siba mnyama. Umbala wengezwa njengoba ukukhanya kuhamba nge-chip LCD bese ubesebenzisa izihlungi zombala obomvu, obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza.
- I-3LCD - Isetshenziselwa ukuklanywa kwevidiyo, isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-LCD TV, kodwa esikhundleni salokho, ama-chips ahlakazekile emthonjeni wonke wesikrini, ukukhanya okumhlophe kudluliselwa ku-chips ezintathu ze-LCD kanye ne-Prism bese kufakwe kwesikrini.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okudluliselayo / Okumangalisayo - I-LCD ne-Quantum Dots
Kuhlelo lokusebenza lokubonisa i-TV nevidiyo, i- Quantum Dot iyi-nanocrystal eyenziwe ngomuntu enezinto ezikhethekile zokukhanyisa ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya nokusebenza kombala okukhonjisiwe kumifanekiso namanje yevidiyo kusikrini se-LCD.
I-Quantum Dots yi-nanoparticles enezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingahle zithole amandla aphezulu okukhanya kombala owodwa futhi zikhiphe ukukhanya okuphansi komunye umbala (njengokungathi zifana ne-phosphors ku-Plasma TV), kodwa, kulokhu, uma zishaya nge-photons ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle umthombo (esimweni se-LCD TV ne-Blue LED backlight), ichashazi ngayinye ye-quantum iveza umbala we-wavelength ethile, enqunywa ubukhulu bayo.
I-Quantum Dots ingafakwa kwi-TV ye-LCD ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwebhulazi elincane elincane (elibizwa nge-Edge Optic) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo somthombo wokukhanya we-TV phakathi komthombo okhanyayo wokukhanya kwe-LED kanye ne-Light Guide Plate (isakhiwo esakazela ukukhanya ngaphesheya kwendawo yesikrini) for LED / Ama-TV e-LCD .
- Ku-"i-layer yokuthuthukiswa kwefilimu" efakwe phakathi komthombo okhanyayo we-LED LED kanye ne-LCD chip kanye nezihlungi zombala (ze-Full Array noma i-Direct-Lit LED / i-LCD TV).
- Ku-chip, lapho ama-quantum amachashazi ahlanganiswa ngokuqondile ku-LED eluhlaza okwakusetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa noma ukulungiswa okuqondile.
Ngenketho ngayinye, ukukhanya kwe-Blue LED kushaya ama-Quantum Dots, okube sekuthokozela ukuze kukhishwe ukukhanya okubomvu nokuhlaza (okuhlanganiswe ne-Blue okuvela emthonjeni wokukhanya we-LED). Ukukhanya okumibala kuyadlula phakathi kwe-LCD chips, ukuhlunga umbala, nokuya esikrinini sokubonisa isithombe. Isendlalelo esingeziwe se-Quantum Dot esivumelekile ivumela i-LCD TV ukuthi ibonise i- gamut enemibala eminingi egcwele futhi ebanzi kunama-TV e-LCD ngaphandle kocingo olwengeziwe lwe-Quantum Dot.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubukeka
- I-LCOS (ebizwa nangokuthi i-D-ILA ne- SXRD ) I- LCOS ihlukile ku-3LCD futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ividiyo. Esikhundleni sokudlulisa ukukhanya ngenye yezinkinobho ze-LCD ezintathu bese kuthi ngokusebenzisa izihlungi zombala kanye ne-lens, i-chip LCD iphezulu kwesisekelo sokubukeka, ngakho-ke uma umthombo wokukhanya omibala udlula ngaphakathi ku-chip ubonakala ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi uthunyelwe ngephilisi kuya kusikrini sokubukwa.
- I-DLP (3-chip) - Isetshenziswe kumavidiyo we-Video - Isihluthulelo ku-DLP yi-DMD (i-Digital Micro-mirror Device), lapho zonke izinkampani zakhiwa izibuko ezincane ezingenakunyakaziswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke amaphikseli ku-chip DMD yisibuko esibonakalisayo.Isithombe sevidiyo siboniswa ku-chip DMD. I-micromirror ku-chip (i-micromirror ngayinye imelela i-pixel eyodwa) bese ihamba ngokusheshisa njengoba isithombe sishintsha. Lokhu kuveza isisekelo se-grayscale sesithombe.
- Ku-3-Chip DLP video projector, kusetshenziswa imithombo emithathu yokukhanya (noma ukukhanya okumhlophe kudlule emaphini ama-three). Ukukhanya okumibalabala kubonakala ku-DLP ezintathu (konke kuyi-grayscale, kodwa yilowo nalowo uthola ukukhanya okuhlukile kombala). I-degree of inclination ye micromirror ngayinye maqondana nomthombo wokukhanya wombala nganoma isiphi isikhathi esithile inquma imibala esithombeni. Ukukhanya okuboniswayo kudluliselwa ku-lens yomprojekti kuya esikrinini.
Ukuhlanganiswa okubonayo / okudluliselayo
- I-DLP (1-Chip) - Isetshenziswe ku-Video Projectors - Kulo lungiselelo, kukhona umthombo owodwa wokukhanyisa omhlophe okhonjiswa nge-chip eyodwa DLP DMD. Khona-ke, umbala wengezwa njengokukhanya okubonakalayo kudlula ngesondo lesigqagqumeni esiphezulu, ngokusebenzisa lens, bese esibukweni.
Ukuze uthole izincazelo ezengeziwe zobuchwepheshe ku-DLP, hlola isihloko sethu somngane: Ama-Basics e-DLP Video Projector.
Ukubonisa Umbala - Amazinga Wokulinganiswa
Ngakho-ke, njengoba manje i-electronics kanye ne-mechanics isetshenziswe ngendlela isithombe sombala esithola ngayo kwesikrini sakho se-TV noma sevidiyo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi lawo madivaysi angaveza kanjani umbala ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka, naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Lapha lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga ombala ngaphakathi kwebala lombala obonakalayo kubalulekile.
Amanye amazinga wokulinganisa umbala we-TVs namavidiyo we-Projectors asetshenziswa njengamanje:
- I-NTSC - Isisekelo esiyisisekelo sombala we-analog (US).
- Rec.601 - Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga eliyisisekelo le-NTSC.
- I-Rec.709 - Ukuze isetshenziswe ngama-HDTVs nama-HD Video Projectors.
- I-Rec.2020 - Inhloso yokusetshenziswa ngama-4K Ultra HD nama-Projectors Video.
- I-sRGB - Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile kuma-Monitorers we-PC ngokubonisa ihluzo.
Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-hardware (i-colorimeter) nesofthiwe (ngokuvamile nge-laptop), umuntu angahle ahlabelele ikhono lokukhiqiza umbala we-TV noma ividyo yeprojekti yeprojekthi yezinkomba (kuye ngokucaciswa kombala we-TV) ngokulungiswa okunikezwe kuvidiyo / izilungiselelo zokubonisa, noma imenyu yesevisi ye-TV noma iphrojekthi yevidiyo.
Izibonelo zamathuluzi okulinganisa okuyisisekelo (amabala) womsakazo ongawasebenzisa, ngaphandle kwesidingo somchwepheshe, faka ama-disks wokuhlola, njenge-Digital Video Essentials, i-Disney WOW (i-World of Wonder) iDVD nama-Disk Test Discs, i- Spears ne-Munsil I-HD Benchmark , i-THX Calibrator Disc, ne-THX Home Theater Tune-up App ye-iOS ehambisanayo namafoni / amaphilisi e-Android.
Isibonelo sesitoreji esiyisisekelo sokulinganiswa kwevidiyo esisebenzela i-Colorimeter ne-PC software, yi-Datacolor Spyder Color Calibration System.
Isibonelo sesitoreji esikhulu sokulondoloza i-Calman ngu-SpectraCal.
Isizathu sokuthi amathuluzi angenhla abalulekile, ukuthi njengoba nje izimo zangaphakathi zokukhanyisa nezangaphandle zithinta ikhono lethu lokubona umbala ezweni langempela, lezo zici ezifanayo zibuye zidlale nokuthi umbala uzobukeka kanjani ku-TV yakho noma isikrini sokubukwa kwevidiyo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-TV yakho noma iprojekti yevidiyo ingalungisa kanjani.
Ukulungiswa kokulinganiswa akubandakanyi kuphela izinto ezinjengokukhanya, ukuphambene, ukukhanya kombala, nokulawula ukulawula, kodwa futhi nezinye izinguquko ezidingekayo, njenge- Color Temperature, i-White Balance ne-Gamma.
Okubalulekile
Umbono wombala ezweni langempela kanye nezindawo zokubukwa kwe-TV kuhilela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinye izinto ezingaphandle. Ukubona kombala kungaphezulu komdlalo wokuqagela kunesayensi eqondile. Iso lomuntu yilona ithuluzi elihle kunazo zonke esinalo, futhi nakuba, ekufotheni izithombe, ifilimu, nevidiyo, umbala onembile ungakhonjwa kumbala othize wombala, umbala oyibona esithombeni esinyathelisiwe, i-TV, noma isikrini sokubukwa kwevidiyo, noma ngabe zihlangabezana nama-100% wezinga elithile lemigqa yembala, azikwazi ukubukeka ngokufanayo nokuthi zingabheka kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zomhlaba.