Linux - Linus 'Unix
Ezweni elisheshayo elizihambelayo lobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, noma yini eyenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 edlule ibonakala njengomlando wasendulo. Ngisho nemvelaphi yeLinux, eyayisengane kid entsha ebhokisini le-Unix, iqale ukufika esikhathini esedlule.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-Linux zingalandelwa emuva kuze kufike ku-PC ehambisana ne-IBM AT ngasekupheleni kuka-1991 AC Umfundi osemncane e-University of Helsinki, eFinland, wayenombono: ukwakha uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-Unix lwe-PC ehambisana ne-IBM. Umfundi, uLinus Torwalds, wayezama ukusebenzisa i-Minix, i-Unix OS ye-PC yamahhala, eyakhiwe ngu-Andrew S. Tanenbaum wase-Amsterdam, eNetherlands. I-Linus ifuna ukuthuthukisa i-Unix OS ye-PC yakhe eyanqoba ukulinganiselwa kwe-Minix. Kwenzeka nje kuphela ukuthi i-PC yokwakha, okwakusungula i-Unix OS yakhe entsha neyithuthukisiwe, yayizophendukela emgqeni womhlaba ophumelele kakhulu wekhompyutha. Lokhu kwakha isisekelo sokuthandwa okusheshayo kweLinux. Ithenda kaLinus kanye nokusebenza kanzima kanye nokusekelwa komphakathi ovulekile umthombo kwenza konke.
Phakathi nengxenye yesibili ka-1991, okungaqondakali kwaqala ukuba yiqiniso lapho uLinus enza inguqulo engu-0.02 yezinto ezaziyoziwa ngokuthi "i-Linux" (" Linu s 'Uni x ") etholakalayo emphakathini ovulekile. Ngo-1994 wayekulungele ukukhulula i-Linux Kernel yokuqala (version 1.0) emhlabeni. Uma seliphelile, lisakazeka masinyane, lazuza amandla futhi laguqukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ("ukusabalalisa"). Namuhla, kunabantu abalinganiselwa ku-29 Million abasebenzisi be-Linux; abaningi babo abahileleke ekuthuthukiseni isofthiwe yayo futhi baqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kernel.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthi ukuthandwa kweLinux kubangelwa ilayisense lapho ikhishwe khona, i-GNU General Public License. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ikhodi yomthombo we-Linux itholakala ngokukhululekile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi wonke umuntu angafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Lokhu kwenezela kahle izinkulungwane zabahleli kwiqembu lezokuthuthukisa le-Linux. Naphezu kokukhathazeka ukuthi abaningi abapheka bangalimaza isobho, kuqhubeka ukuthi inani elikhulu labathuthukisi be-Linux lanikeza uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenza kahle nokuqina okungakaze kube khona, nezinamaphakheji ezitholakala kalula ngokukhululekile kokubili kwebhizinisi nokuzijabulisa.
Ngokulandelayo ake sibheke ezinye zezinzuzo ze-Linux ezenze kube yisinqumo sokusebenza kwesistimu yezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinzuzo ze-Linux
- Izindleko eziphansi: Awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi nemali ukuthola amalayisense kusukela ku-Linux futhi eziningi zesofthiwe yayo iza ne-GNU General Public License. Ungaqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuthi isofthiwe yakho ingayeka ukusebenza noma kunini ngoba inguqulo yesilingo samahhala iphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukwengeza, kunezinqolobane ezinkulu lapho ungakwazi ukulanda ngokukhululekile isofthiwe yekhwalithi eliphezulu cishe noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongacabanga ngawo.
- Ukuzinza: I- Linux ayidingi ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze igcine amazinga okusebenza. Ayifuni noma ihlehlise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuvuza kwememori nokunye okunjalo. Izikhathi eziqhubekayo zamakhulu ezinsuku (kuze kube unyaka noma ngaphezulu) azivamile.
- Ukusebenza: I- Linux inikeza ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okuphezulu emisebenzini nasemanethiwekhi. Ikwazi ukuphatha izinombolo ezinkulu zebasebenzisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ingenza amakhompyutha amadala avumele ngokwanele ukuba asebenzise futhi.
- Ubuhlobo bomnethiwekhi: i- Linux yasungulwa yiqembu labamemezeli phezu kwe-Intanethi ngakho-ke isekela ngokuqinile ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi; izinhlelo zamakhasimende nezeseva zingasetshenziswa kalula kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha eqhuba i-Linux. Kungenza imisebenzi enjengezintambo zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ngokushesha futhi ngokuthembekile kunezinhlelo ezihlukile.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo: I- Linux ingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva eliphezulu, izinhlelo zedeskithophu, nezinhlelo ezifakiwe. Ungagcina isikhala sediski ngokufaka kuphela izingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe okuthile. Ungavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha athile ngokufaka ngezibonelo izicelo ezikhethiwe zehhovisi esikhundleni se-suite.
- Ukuhambisana: Kusebenza wonke amaphakheji wesofthiwe e-Unix futhi angakwazi ukucubungula wonke amafomethi wefayili evamile.
- Ukukhetha: Inombolo enkulu yezabelo ze-Linux ikunika ukukhetha. Ukusatshalaliswa ngalunye kuthuthukiswa futhi kusekelwa inhlangano ehlukile. Ungakhetha lokho oyithandayo kakhulu; ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kuyafana; isofthiwe eminingi isebenza ngokusabalalisa okuningi.
- Ukufakwa okusheshayo nokulula: Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux kuza nokufakwa komsebenzisi-friendly kanye nezinhlelo zokusetha. Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux okudumile kuza namathuluzi enza ukufakwa kwesofthiwe eyengeziwe kakhulu yomsebenzisi futhi.
- Ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele i-disk eyinkimbinkimbi: I- Linux iyaqhubeka isebenza kahle ngisho noma i-disk enzima isiphelile.
- Ukwenza okuningi: I- Linux yakhelwe ukwenza izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esifanayo; isib, umsebenzi omkhulu wokunyathelisa ngemuva ungasinciphisi omunye umsebenzi wakho.
- Ukuphepha: I- Linux ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphephile kakhulu. "Amadonga" kanye nezimo zokuthola imvume yamafayili okufinyeleleka zivimbela ukufinyelela izivakashi ezingadingeki noma amagciwane. Abasebenzisi be-Linux kufanele bakhethe ukukhetha nokulanda ngokuphepha isofthiwe, mahhala, kusukela kuma-intanethi e-intanethi aqukethe izinkulungwane zamaphakheji wekhwalithi eliphezulu. Akukho ukuthengwa kokuthenga okudingwa izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu noma olunye ulwazi olubucayi lomuntu siqu oludingekayo.
- Umthombo Ovulekile: Uma uthuthukisa isofthiwe edinga ulwazi noma ukuguqula ikhodi yesistimu yokusebenza, ikhodi yomthombo we-Linux isesandleni sakho. Iningi lezinhlelo ze-Linux yiMthombo ovulekile futhi.
Namuhla inhlanganisela yamakhompiyutha angabizi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux eziphezulu zekhwalithi eliphezulu ne-software zinikeza izixazululo ezibiza ngokuzenzekelayo kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwehhovisi lasekhaya kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwebhizinisi nesayensi. Izinketho ezikhona ze-Linux distribution kanye nesofthiwe ye-Linux zingase zibe yinto emangalisayo ekuqaleni, kodwa uma wazi ukuthi ungabheka kuphi, akufanele kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthola isiqondiso esihle se-intanethi.