Ukuxhumana kwekhompyutha kungumkhuba wokuhlanganisa amadivaysi amabili noma ngaphezulu komunye nomunye ngenhloso yokwabelana kwedatha. Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha akhiwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-hardware ne-software.
Qaphela: Leli khasi ligxile kumanethiwekhi angenantambo namanethiwekhi wekhompuyutha. Bheka futhi lezi zihloko ezihlobene:
- ukuxhumana nabantu
- ukuxhumana kwamabhizinisi
Ukuhlukaniswa KwamaKhompyutha WeNethiwekhi kanye nezinethiwekhi zendawo
Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha angenziwa ngezigaba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Enye indlela ichaza uhlobo lwenethiwekhi ngokuvumelana nendawo ehlala kuyo. Amanethiwekhi wendawo wendawo (ama-LANs), isibonelo, ngokuvamile ahlukanise indlu eyodwa, isikole, noma ihhovisi elincane, kuyilapho amanethiwekhi amanengi (WANs), afinyelela emadolobheni, athi, noma emhlabeni jikelele. I-intanethi yi-WAN enkulu kunazo zonke yomphakathi emhlabeni.
I-Network Design
Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni ahluke ngendlela yokuklama. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zenethiwekhi yocingo zibizwa ngokuthi iklayenti / iseva nontanga-kontanga. Amanethiwekhi wamakhasimende-iseva afaka amakhompyutha e-server ajwayelekile agcina i-imeyili, amakhasi wewebhu, amafayela kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifinyelelwe ngamakhompyutha amaklayenti namanye amadivaysi amaklayenti. Kuye inethiwekhi yontanga, kuyahluka, wonke amadivayisi avame ukusekela imisebenzi efanayo. Amanethiwekhi e-Client-server ajwayelekile kakhulu kumanethiwekhi ebhizinisi nabangane babo abavamile emakhaya.
I-topology yenethiwekhi ichaza isakhiwo noma isakhiwo sayo kusukela ekubukeni kokugeleza kwedatha. Kwamanye amanethiwekhi okuthiwa amabhasi, isibonelo, wonke amakhompiyutha abelana futhi axhumane nomgwaqo owodwa ovamile, kuyilapho inethiwekhi yenkanyezi, yonke idatha igeleza ngokusebenzisa idivayisi eyodwa eyodwa. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezintandokazi zenethiwekhi zifaka ibhasi, inkanyezi, amanethiwekhi womculo kanye namanethiwekhi omzimba.
Okuningi: Mayelana ne-Network Design
Amaprosesa aseNethiwekhi
Izilimi zokuxhumana ezisetshenziselwa amadivayisi wekhompyutha zibizwa ngokuthi izivumelwano zenethiwekhi. Kodwa enye indlela yokuhlukanisa amanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha yisethi yezinhlelo ezisekelayo. Amanethiwekhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izivumelwano eziningi ngezinhlelo ezithile ezisekelayo. Amaprosesa adumile afaka i-TCP / IP - eyatholakala kakhulu kwi-Intanethi nasemanzini omkhaya.
I-Computer Network Hardware ne-Software
Amadivaysi okukhulumisana okuhloswe ngenjongo okubandakanya ama-routers enethiwekhi, amaphuzu okufinyelela, nezintambo zenethiwekhi zihlanganisa kahle inethiwekhi ndawonye. Izinhlelo zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe zenza ithrekhi yenethiwekhi futhi zenza abasebenzisi benze izinto eziwusizo.
Okuningi: Indlela I-Computer Networks isebenza ngayo - Isingeniso samadivayisi
Home Computer Networking
Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi zakhiwa futhi zigcinwa ngabanjiniyela, amanethiwekhi asekhaya angabanikazi bemizi abavamile, abantu ngokuvamile abanomlando omncane noma awunabo. Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bakhiqiza i-broadband router hardware eklanyelwe ukwenza lula ukusetha kwenethiwekhi ekhaya. I-router yasekhaya yenza amadivaysi emakamelo ahlukene ahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo uxhumano lwe-intanethi ye-broadband, kusiza abantu ukuthi bahlanganyele kalula amafayela wabo namaphrinta ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi jikelele.
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya ayenziwe ngokwezizukulwane ngesizukulwane ngasinye sobuchwepheshe obusha. Eminyakeni edlule, abantu bavame ukusetha inethiwekhi yabo yasekhaya ukuze baxhume ama-PC ambalwa, babelane ngamanye amadokhumenti futhi mhlawumbe iphrinta. Manje sekujwayelekile ukuthi amakhaya aphinde axhumane nezidakamizwa zegeyimu, amarekhodi wevidiyo yedijithali, nama-smartphones okusakaza umsindo nevidiyo. Izindlela zokuzenzakalela zasekhaya zikhona futhi iminyaka eminingi, kodwa nalawo asekhulile kakhulu ekudumekeleni maduzane nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokulawula izibani, ama-thermostats digital kanye nemishini.
Ama-Computer Network Networks
Izindawo ze-Small and home (SOHO) zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo njengoba kutholakala kumanethiwekhi asekhaya. Amabhizinisi avame ukuxhumana okungeziwe, isitoreji sedatha, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha ezidinga ukwandisa amanethiwekhi abo ngezindlela ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi njengoba ibhizinisi lithola elikhulu.
Nakuba inethiwekhi yekhaya ngokuvamile isebenza njenge-LAN eyodwa, inethiwekhi yebhizinisi ivame ukuqukatha ama-LAN amaningi. Izinkampani ezinezakhiwo ezindaweni eziningi zisebenzisa izinethiwekhi ezikude ukuze zixhumane namahhovisi egatsha ndawonye. Nakuba futhi iyatholakala futhi isetshenziselwa amakhaya athile, ukukhulumisana kwezwi nge-IP kanye nokugcina inethiwekhi nobuchwepheshe bokusekela kubonakala emabhizinisini. Izinkampani ezinkulu zigcina nezinsizakalo zabo zangaphakathi zangaphakathi, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-intranethi ukusiza ngokuxhumana kwabasebenzi bebhizinisi.
Izingosi kanye ne-Intanethi
Ukuthandwa kwamakhompiyutha ekhompiyutha kwanda kakhulu ngokudalwa kweWorld Wide Web (WWW) ngawo-1990. Amasayithi eWebhu yomphakathi, izinhlelo zontanga (P2P) zokwabelana ngefayela, kanye nezinye izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zisebenza kumaseva e-intanethi kuwo wonke umhlaba.
I-Wired vs. Wireless Computer Networking
Eziningi zezivumelwano ezifanayo ezifana ne-TCP / IP isebenza kumanethiwekhi womculo ohlangothini olunamathebhu namanethiwekhi. Amanethiwekhi anezintambo ze-Ethernet abanjelwe emabhizinisini, ezikoleni nasemakhaya amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Nokho, maduzane, ubuchwepheshe obungenazintambo ezifana ne-Wi-Fi buvele njengendlela yokukhetha yokwakha amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha amasha, ngokwengxenye ukusekela ama-smartphones nezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zamagajethi angenawaya okubangele ukukhushulwa kwenethiwekhi yeselula.