Phakathi neminyaka engu-20 eyedlule, iplanethi iye yahlanganiswa kancane kancane ngamakhompiyutha e-computer ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuqonda okuyisisekelo ukuthi lezi zinethiwekhi zisebenza kanjani zisisiza ukuba sifunde ukuthi singabasebenzisa kangcono futhi sandisa nokuqwashisa kwethu izwe elishintshayo elizungezile. Lesi sitolimende se-How Computer Networks Work sihlola amadivaysi - izinhlelo ze-hardware ezixhuma kunethiwekhi futhi zixhumana nomunye nomunye.
Yini eyenza idivayisi yedivayisi
Akuwona wonke amakhompyutha, igajethi ephathekayo, noma enye imishini yokukwazi ukujoyina inethiwekhi. Idivaysi yenethiwekhi inezici ezikhethekile zokuxhumana ukwenza ukuxhumana okudingekayo komzimba kwamanye amadivaysi. Amadivaysi amaningi anethiwekhi anamuhla anama-electronics wokuxhumana ahlanganiswe emabhokisini awo wesifunda.
Amanye ama-PC, ama-consoles asekudala we-Xbox, namanye amadivaysi asekhulile ayinayo i-hardware yokuxhumana eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kodwa angasethwa njengamadivayisi wenethiwekhi ngokufaka ama- adapter wenethiwekhi ahlukile ngendlela yezingcingo ze- USB . Ama-PC amadala kakhulu edeskithophu adingeka ngokomzimba ukufaka amakhadi amaningi angeziwe angena kwibhodi le-motherboard lesistimu, elivela ngegama elithi Network Interface Card (NIC) .
Izizukulwane ezintsha zethengi nemishini zakhiwa njengamadivayisi enethiwekhi uma izizukulwane ezindala zingekho. Isibonelo, ama-thermostats omndeni wendabuko ayengenakho i-hardware yokuxhumana, futhi ayikwazi ukujoyina inethiwekhi yendawo ngezingcingo.
Okokugcina, ezinye izinhlobo zemishini azisekeli ukuxhumana nhlobo. Amadivaysi omthengi angazange ayenze i-hardware yenethiwekhi noma ayamukele amakhemikhali afaka phakathi ama-Apple ama-iPod asekudala, amathelevishini amaningi, nama-toaster ovens.
Izindleko zeDivaysi kumaKlayenti wekhompyutha
Amadivaysi kumanethiwekhi ekhompiyutha asebenza ngezindima ezahlukene. Izindima ezimbili ezivame kakhulu kukhona amaklayenti namaseva . Izibonelo zamakhasimende enethiwekhi zifaka ama-PC, amafoni namaphilisi, namaphrinta enethiwekhi . Amakhasimende ngokuvamile enza isicelo futhi adle idatha egcinwe kumaseva enethiwekhi , amadivaysi ngokuvamile aklanyelwe inkumbulo enkulu kanye / noma i-disk isitoreji kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza eziphezulu kumakhasimende asekela kangcono. Izibonelo zamaseva enethiwekhi zifaka amaseva weWeb kanye namaseva womdlalo. Amanethiwekhi athambekele ekusekeleni amaklayenti amaningi kunamaseva. Kokubili amakhasimende namaseva ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa ama- network nodes .
Amadivayisi enethiwekhi angase abe namandla okusebenza njengamakhasimende namaseva. Ethandweni lokuxhumana nontanga , isibonelo, amadivaysi amadivaysi ahlanganyela amafayela noma enye idatha ngomunye nomunye, omunye osebenza njengeseva ebamba idatha ethile ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo esebenza njengeklayenti ukucela idatha ehlukile kwamanye amadivaysi oontanga.
Amadivaysi Okunciphisa Injongo Ekhethekile
Amakhadi wamakhasimende namaseva anganakwa noma asuswe kwinethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukuxhumana kwamanye amadivayisi asesekhona. Ezinye izinhlobo ezithile ze-hardware yenethiwekhi, noma kunjalo, zikhona ngenhloso kuphela yokuvumela inethiwekhi ukuthi isebenze:
- Ihabhu lenethiwekhi lenza noma iyiphi i-node ixhunywe kukho ukuze ithumele idatha kwabanye
- Izinguquko zenethiwekhi zenza umsebenzi ofanayo njengama-hubs kodwa zihlanganisa i-logic eyengeziwe yokwenza izinto ezivula izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ezivumela ama-node amaningi axhunyiwe ukuthi athumele idatha ngqo komunye nomunye kunokuba bonke abanye kunethiwekhi njengama-hubs
- Ama-routers enethiwekhi akwandisa amandla okushintsha kwenethiwekhi ngokusekela uxhumano lwangaphandle kusuka kumanye amanethiwekhi, ukujoyina ndawonye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza komunye ngamunye.
- I- repeater yenethiwekhi ithola izimpawu zomzimba ezithunyelwe kunoma uxhumano lwenethiwekhi futhi zikhulise amandla abo (njengamandla kagesi noma umsakazo) ukuze unike amandla isignali ukuhamba amabanga amade
- Uhlobo olungavamile lwedivaysi namuhla, idivaysi yesibhuloho senethiwekhi ixhuma izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuxhumanisa inethiwekhi yomzimba ndawonye okungenjalo okungeke kuhambisane, njengamabhuloho avumela amadivaysi angenantambo ukuba ajoyine inethiwekhi yocingo. (Ubuchwepheshe bridge bridge buvame ukuhlanganiswa kwezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi.)