Indlela ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kuqhathaniswa nama-hubs kanye nama-routers
Ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi yidivaysi encane yehadiwe eyenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi axhunyiwe kunethiwekhi eyodwa yendawo (LAN) .
Amadivayisi wokushintsha ama- Ethernet ahlale ewodwa ayevame ukusetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi wekhaya eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuba amakhadi asebandlini abanzi abathandeke. Ama-routers asekhaya anamuhla ahlanganisa ukushintshwa kwe-Ethernet ngqo kwiyunithi njengomunye wemisebenzi yabo esemqoka.
Izinguquko zenethiwekhi eziphezulu zisasebenza kakhulu kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani kanye nezikhungo zedatha. Ngezinye izikhathi ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukushintsha ama-hubs, ukubhoboza amabhuloho noma amabhuloho e-MAC.
Mayelana noshintsho lwenethiwekhi
Ngenkathi ushintsha amandla okukhona ezinhlobonhlobo zamanethiwekhi amanethiwekhi ahlanganisa i- ATM , i- Fiber Channel , ne- Token Ring , ukushintsha kwe-Ethernet yihlobo oluvame kakhulu.
Izinguquko ezijwayelekile ze-Ethernet njengalezo zangaphakathi zokuhamba kwe-router ezisekela i- Gigabit Ethernet ngesivinini ngasinye ngesixhumanisi ngasinye, kodwa ukushintsha okuphezulu okufana nalawo asezindaweni zedatha kuvame ukusekela u-10 Gbps ngesixhumanisi ngasinye.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zokushintsha kwenethiwekhi zisekela izinombolo ezihlukahlukene zamadivayisi axhunyiwe. Izinguquko zenethiwekhi zabathengi zinikeza ukuxhuma okungu-4 noma okuyisishiyagalombili kumadivayisi we-Ethernet, kanti ukushintshwa kwezinkampani ngokuvamile kusekela phakathi kokuxhumana okungama-32 no-128.
Ukushintshwa kungaphinde kufakwe uxhumeke komunye nomunye, indlela yokuzikhethela ukufaka inombolo enkulu kakhulu yamadivayisi ku-LAN.
Ukushintshwa okulawulwayo nokungaphethwe
Izinguquko zenethiwekhi eziyisisekelo njengalabo asetshenziselwa ama-routers abathengi akudingi ukucushwa okukhethekile ngaphandle kokungena kuzicingo namandla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nalezi zitshintshi ezingalawulwa, amadivaysi aphezulu ekusetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi wamabhizinisi asekela ububanzi bezimpawu eziphambili ezenzelwe ukulawulwa ngumqondisi ochwepheshe. Izici ezidumile zokushintshwa okuphethwe zihlanganisa ukuqapha kwe- SNMP , ukuxhumeka kwesixhumanisi, nokusekela kwe- QoS .
Izinguquko ezilawulwa ngokwezifiso zakhiwe ukuze zilawulwe kusuka ku-interfaces yomyalo wesitayela se-Unix. Isigaba esisha samashintshini aphethwe ngokuthi ukushintshwa okuhlakaniphile, okubhekiswe kumanethiwekhi omkhakha wokungena wezinga lokungena kanye ne-midrange, ukuxhaswa kwe-interfaces okusekelwe kuwebhu efana ne-router ekhaya.
Izinguquko zenethiwekhi ezibhekene namaHhobhu namaRotters
Ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kufana nendawo ye-network . Ngokungafani nama-hubs, noma kunjalo, izinguquko zenethiwekhi ziyakwazi ukuhlola imiyalezo engenayo njengoba zamukelwa futhi ziwaqondise echwebeni lokuxhumana elithile -i-teknoloji ebizwa nge- packet switching .
Umshini unquma amakheli omthombo nendawo okuyopakethe yepakethe ngalinye futhi udlulisele idatha kuphela kumadivaysi athile, kanti ama-hubs adlulisela amaphakethe kuzo zonke izibuko ngaphandle kwalowo owathola umgwaqo. Isebenza ngale ndlela ukuze igcine umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi futhi ngokuvamile uthuthukise ukusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nama-hubs.
Ukushintshwa nakho kufana nezinethiwekhi zenethiwekhi. Ngesikhathi i-routers futhi ishintsha kokubili ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana kwedivayisi yendawo, ama-routers kuphela aqukethe ukusekelwa kokuxhumana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi angaphandle, noma amanethiwekhi wendawo noma i-intanethi.
I-Layer 3 Ishintshela
Izinguquko zenethiwekhi zendabuko zisebenza ku-Layer 2 Data Link Layer ye- OSI model . Ukushintsha kwe-Layer 3 okuhlanganisa i-logic ye-hardware yangaphakathi yezinguquko kanye nama-routers kudivayisi ye-hybrid futhi iye yasetshenziselwa amanye amanethiwekhi ebhizinisi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguquko zendabuko, ukushintsha kwe-Layer 3 kunikeza ukusekelwa okungcono kokulungiswa kwe-LAN (VLAN) okubonakalayo.