Amaphakethe wokushintsha amaphakethe afaka i-IP ne-X-25
Ukupaka iphakethe yindlela esetshenziselwa ezinye izinqubo zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha ukuletha idatha yonkana uxhumano lendawo noma olude. Izibonelo zamaphakethe wokushintsha iphakethe yi- Frame Relay , i- IP , ne- X.25 .
Indlela I-Packet Yokuguqula Imisebenzi
Ukupakisha iphakethe kuhlanganisa ukwephula idatha ibe yingxenye yezingxenye ezibekwe amaphakheji ezinyunithi ezifakiwe ngokukhethekile ezibizwa ngamaphakethe. Lezi zivame ukuhanjelwa kusuka emthonjeni ukuya endaweni ehambayo usebenzisa ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nama- routers bese idatha ibuye ifakwe endaweni.
Ipakethe ngayinye iqukethe imininingwane yekheli ekhomba ikhompyutha yokuthumela nomamukeli ohlosiwe. Ukusebenzisa lawa amakheli, ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nama-routers kunquma ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukudlulisela iphakethe phakathi kwe "hops" endleleni eya endaweni yayo. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala ezifana neWireshark ukukusiza ukuthi uthathe futhi ubuke idatha uma kunesidingo.
Kuyini iHop?
Ekuxhumaneni kwenethiwekhi, i-hop imelela ingxenye eyodwa yendlela egcwele phakathi komthombo nokuya. Uma uxhumana nge-Inthanethi, isibonelo, idatha idlula kumadivayisi amaningi aphakathi kokufaka ama-routers futhi ashintshela kunokuba agijime ngokuqondile phezu kwocingo olulodwa. Idivaysi ngayinye enjalo yenza ukuthi idatha idonsa phakathi kokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi eyodwa kokukhomba kuya kwesinye.
I-count count imelela inani eliphelele lamadivayisi iphakethe lwedatha elinikeziwe elidlulayo. Ngokuvamile, ama-hops amaningi ama-packet yedatha kufanele agijime ukuze afinyelele indawo abaya kuyo, kakhulu ukubambezeleka kokudluliselwa okufakiwe.
Amasevisi enethiwekhi afana ne- ping angasetshenziselwa ukunquma inani le-hop ukuya endaweni ethize. I-Ping ikhiqiza amaphakethe afaka insimu egcinwe ukubalwa kwe-hop. Isikhathi ngasinye idivaysi ekwazi ukuthola lawo maphakethe, leyo divayisi iguqula iphakethe, ikhulise inani le-hop elilodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi iqhathanisa ukubalwa kwenkokhelo ngokumelene nomkhawulo ongenqunyelwe futhi ilahle iphakethe uma inani layo le-hop liphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kuvimbela amapakethe kusukela ekungapheli aqhubekele nxazonke zenethiwekhi ngenxa yokushaya amaphutha.
Imikhiqizo kanye ne-Cons of Packet Switching
Ukushintshwa kwepakethe kungenye yezindlela zokuguqula isifunda ezisetshenziswe ngokomlando kumanethiwekhi wocingo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuxhumana kwe- ISDN .
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintsha kwesifunda, ukushintshwa kwepakethe kunikezela lokhu okulandelayo:
- PRO. Ukusetshenziselwa ngokuphumelelayo kwe- bandwidth yenethiwekhi jikelele ngenxa yokuguquguquka ekuhambiseni amaphakethe amancane phezu kwezixhumanisi ezabelwana ngazo.
- PRO. Amanethiwekhi wokushintsha iphakethe ngokuvamile ayhibhile ukwakha imishini engaphansi.
- PRO. Ukuthembeka. Uma iphakethe lingafiki njengoba lilindelekile lapho liya khona, ikhompiyutha eyamukelayo ithola iphakethe elilodwa elahlekile futhi izicelo zalo lizithukuthele.
- PRO. Ukupakisha kwepakethe kunikezela ukuvuselela okuzenzekelayo uma kunoma iyiphi i-node ohambweni lwayo ihluleka.
- CON. Ukubambezeleka isikhathi eside ekutholeni imilayezo ngenxa yesikhathi esidingekayo ukupakisha kanye namaphakethe emzila. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, ukulibaziseka akukona isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba kube okuphawulekayo, kodwa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu njengevidiyo yesikhathi sangempela, ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe be-Quality of Service (QoS) buvame ukudingeka ukuze kufinyelelwe amazinga okusebenza adingekayo.
- CON. Ikhono lokuthola izingozi zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi likhona ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezixhumanisi eziphathekayo. Ama-protocols nezinye izakhi ezihlobene kumanethiwekhi wokushintsha amaphakethe kufanele ahambisane nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele.
- CON. I-Latency ayinakulinganiswa.