Izinguquko zenethiwekhi zendabuko zisebenza ku-Layer 2 yomodeli we- OSI ngenkathi izinethiwekhi zenethiwekhi zisebenza ku-Layer 3. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekudidekeni ngencazelo nenhloso ye-Layer 3 switch (ebizwa nangokuthi inkinobho ye-multilayer).
I-Layer 3 switch iyisetshenziswa esikhethekile sehadiwe esetshenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi. Ukushintsha kwe-Layer 3 kunokuningi okufana ne-routers yendabuko, hhayi nje ekubukeni komzimba. Bobabili bangase basebenzise izinqubo ezifanayo zokuhamba , bahlole amaphakethe angenayo futhi benze izinqumo ezinamandla zokuhlela ngokusekelwe emakhemeni omthombo nokuya ngaphakathi.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Layer 3 ukushintshela phezu komzila usendleleni yokwenza izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo. Izinguquko ze-Layer 3 zingenakuncane ukuzwa i- latency yenethiwekhi kusukela amaphakethe akudingeki enze izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngokusebenzisa i-router.
Umnqopho weLala 3 Ukutjhugulula
Izinguquko ze-Layer 3 zakhiwe njengobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzila wenethiwekhi kumanethiwekhi amakhulu wendawo (i-LAN) njengama- intranethi ezinkampani.
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kokushintsha kwe-Layer 3 nama-routers uhlala kuma-hardware ngaphakathi. I-hardware ngaphakathi komshini we-Layer 3 ihlanganisa ukushintshwa kwendabuko nama-routers, kufaka enye ingosi yesofthiwe ye-router nge-hardware ehlanganisiwe yesifunda ukuze inikeze ukusebenza okungcono kumanethiwekhi wendawo.
Ukwengeza, njengoba iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuma-intranethi, inkinobho ye-Layer 3 ngeke ibe nezindawo zokuhweba ze- WAN nenethiwekhi ebanzi indawo ekhombisa ukuthi umzila wendabuko uzohlala unayo.
Lezi zitshalo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusekela ukuhamba phakathi kwama-LAN ajwayelekile (ama-VLAN). Izinzuzo zohlelo lwe-Layer 3 ze-VLAN zifaka:
- Ukunciphisa inani lemoto yokusakaza
- Ukuphathwa okuvikelekile okulula
- Iphutha elithuthukisiwe lokuhlukaniswa
Indlela I-Layer 3 Ishintsha Ngayo Umsebenzi
Umshini wendabuko ugudluza imoto phakathi kwamapayipi angokwenyama ngamanye amakheli ngokomzimba ( amakheli we-MAC ) wamadivayisi axhunyiwe. Ishintshi se-Layer 3 sisebenzisa lokhu uma ulawula ithrafikhi ngaphakathi kwe-LAN.
Futhi banweba kulokhu ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwekheli le-IP ukwenza izinqumo zokuhamba lapho belawula ithrafikhi phakathi kwama-LAN. Ngokuphambene, ukuguqulwa kwesendlalelo 4 kubuye kusebentise izinombolo zechwep TCP noma UDP .
Ukusebenzisa i-Layer 3 Shintsha nama-VLAN
I-LAN ngayinye ye-virtual kumele ingenwe futhi ilandwe nge-port ekushintsheni. Imingcele yokuhambisa ye-interface ngayinye ye-VLAN kufanele iphinde icaciswe.
Okunye ukushintsha kwe-Layer 3 kusebenzisa ukusekelwa kwe- DHCP okungasetshenziswa ukunikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo amakheli e-IP kumadivayisi ngaphakathi kwe-VLAN. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iseva yangaphandle ye-DHCP ingasetshenziswa, noma amakheli e-static IP ahlelwe ngokwehlukana.
Izinkinga Ezine Layer 3 Izinguquko
Izinguquko ze-Layer 3 zindleko ezingaphezu kwezitshalo zendabuko kepha zingaphansi kwezinombolo zendabuko. Ukulungisa nokuphatha lezi zitshintshi nama-VLAN futhi zidinga umzamo owengeziwe.
Izicelo zokushintsha kwe-Layer 3 zikhawulelwe ezindaweni ze-intranet ezinezinombolo ezigciniwe zezintambo zezintambo kanye ne-traffic. Amanethiwekhi asekhaya awanasetshenziswa kulawa madivayisi. Ukungabi nokusebenza kwe-WAN, ukushintshwa kwe-Layer 3 akuyona indawo yokuhamba kwama-routers.
Ukuqamba kwalezi zinguquko kuvela emibonweni e-OSI model, lapho isendlalelo 3 siyaziwa ngokuthi i-Network Layer. Ngeshwa, lo mdwebo wezinkolelo awukwenzi kahle ukuhlukanisa umehluko okhona phakathi kwemikhiqizo yezimboni. Ukuqamba igama kuye kwabangele ukudideka emakethe.