Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe abaningi obubandakanya izinombolo. Ezinye zalezi zinamba (namaqembu ezinombolo) zithinta incazelo ekhethekile. Ukufunda ukuthi zonke lezi "izinombolo zemilingo" zisho ukuthini ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde izinhlobonhlobo zokuxhumana nezinkinga zokuxhumana.
1, 6 no-11
Amanethiwekhi angenantambo we-Wi-Fi asebenza kumaqembu athile wezimvamisa ezibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi . Amazinga wangempela we-Wi-Fi asebenzisa isethi yeziteshi ezibalwe ku-1 kuya kwezingu-14 ngezinye iziteshi ezinamaqembu aqoqa. Iziteshi 1, 6 no-11 yizona ziteshi ezintathu kuphela ezingezangezikhohlisi kulolu hlelo. Abaqondisi be-wireless basekhaya abangenazintambo bangasebenzisa izinombolo ezikhethekile uma behlela amanethiwekhi wabo we-Wi-Fi njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali nomakhelwane babo. Okuningi "
2.4 no-5
Amanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi cishe agijime kuphela izingxenye ezimbili ze-spectrum signal spectrum, eyodwa eduze kwe-2.4 GHz nezinye eziseduze ne-5 GHz. Ibhande le-2.4 GHz lisekela iziteshi ezingu-14 (njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla) kanti ibhande le-5 GHz lisekela okuningi. Ngenkathi iningi le-Wi-Fi lisekela uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imishini engenazintambo ezingenazintambo kubandakanya izinhlobo ezimbili zama-radios okuvumela idivayisi eyodwa ukuba ikhulume ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzo zombili amaqembu. Okuningi "
5-4-3-2-1
Abafundi kanye nabachwepheshe bafundiswa ngokujwayelekile umthetho wesi-5-4-3 wenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi ukuzisiza ukuthi basebenze ngemibono yezobuchwepheshe eziphambili kakhulu njengezizinda zezilingo nokulibaziseka kokusabalalisa. Okuningi "
10 (no-100 no-1000)
Isilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu sedatha yamanethiwekhi wendabuko e- Ethernet ayi-megabithi angu-10 ngesigamu (Mbps). Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bokulala bungathuthuka phakathi neminyaka yama-1990 no-2000, amanethiwekhi e-Fast Ethernet asekela ama-100 Mbps abe yizinga eliphezulu kakhulu, alandelwe yi- Gigabit Ethernet ku-1000 Mbps. Okuningi "
11 (no-54)
Isilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu sedatha yamanethiwekhi asekhaya asekuqaleni kwe-Wi-Fi asekelwe ku- 802.11b ayi- 11 Mbps. Inguqulo elandelayo ye- 802.11g ye-Wi-Fi yenyusé lesi siminganiso kuma-54 Mbps. Namuhla, ukuvinjelwa kwe-Wi-Fi kuka-150 Mbps nangaphezulu nakho kunokwenzeka. Okuningi "
13
I- Domain Name System (DNS) ilawula amagama wesizinda se-inthanethi kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukukala kuleso level, i-DNS isebenzisa iqoqo elizimele lamavava e-database. Empandeni yombuso ohlala phansi uhlala isethi yama-DNS angu-13 ama-server ama-root root abizwa ngokuthi 'A' nge 'M' Okuningi "
80 (no-8080)
Ezingxenyeni ze- TCP / IP , iziphetho eziqondakalayo zeziteshi zokuxhumana zilawulwa ngehlelo lwezinombolo ze- port . I-80 iyinamba ejwayelekile yesiphathi esetshenziswa ngamaseva weWeb ukuze uthole izicelo ezingenayo ze- HTTP kusuka kuziphequluli zeWebhu kanye namanye amaklayenti. Ezinye izindawo ezisewebhu ezinjenge-laboratory test lab ziphinde zisebenzise i-port 8080 ngomhlangano njengenye indlela eya ku-80 ukugwema imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphakheji aphansi amanani kwi-Linux / Unix systems. Okuningi "
127.0.0.1
Ama-adapter wenethiwekhi ngomhlangano usebenzisa leli kheli le-IP le "loopback" - indlela ekhethekile yokuxhumana evumela ukuthi idivayisi ithumele imiyalezo ngokwayo. Abanjiniyela bavame ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukusiza ukuhlola amadivaysi enethiwekhi nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Okuningi "
192.168.1.1
Leli kheli elizimele le-IP lenziwe ludumo emakhaya ngamar routers asekhaya ase-Linksys nakwabanye abakhiqizi abakhethile (kusukela phakathi kwezinombolo eziningi zezinombolo) njengoba umshini ozenzakalelayo womqondisi ungena. Okunye okuthandwayo kwamakheli e-router IP kufaka phakathi i- 192.168.0.1 no- 192.168.2.1 . Okuningi "
255 (ne-FF)
I- byte eyodwa yedatha yekhompuyutha ingakwazi ukugcina amanani angu-256 ahlukene. Ngomhlangano, amakhompiyutha asebenzisa ama-byte ukuze amele izinombolo eziphakathi kuka-0 no-255. Uhlelo lokuxhumana lwe-IP lulandela lo mhlangano ofanayo, usebenzisa izinombolo ezinjenge- 255.255.255.0 njengama-mask wenethiwekhi. Ku- IPv6 , ifomu le- hexadecimal le-255 - FF - liyingxenye yesikimu sokubhekana nabo. Okuningi "
500
Ezinye imiyalezo yephutha ekhonjisiwe kusiphequluli seWebhu ixhunywe kumakhodi wephutha le-HTTP . Phakathi kwalezi, iphutha le-HTTP 404 liyaziwa kakhulu, kepha lelo ngokuvamile libangelwa izinkinga zohlelo lweWebhu kunokuba uxhumano lwenethiwekhi. I-HTTP 500 yiyona ikhodi yephutha ejwayelekile eyenziwe lapho iseva yeWebhu ingakwazi ukuphendula izicelo zenethiwekhi kusuka kumakhasimende, nakuba amaphutha 502 no-503 nawo angenzeka ezimweni ezithile. Okuningi "
802.11
I-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ilawula umndeni wamazinga wenethiwekhi angenazintambo ngaphansi kwenombolo "802.11." Amazinga wokuqala we-Wi-Fi 802.11a no-802.11b agunyazwe ngo-1999, alandelwe izinguqulo ezintsha ezihlanganisa 802.11g, 802.11n no- 802.11ac . Okuningi "
49152 (kufika ku-65535)
Izinombolo zezinambuzane ze-TCP ne-UDP eziqala ngo-49152 zibizwa ngokuthi amachweba ashukumisayo , amachweba angasese noma amaphethelo e-ephemeral . Amapayipi aphezulu awalawulwa yiyiphi inhlangano ebusayo efana ne- IANA futhi ayinayo imingcele ekhethekile yokusetshenziswa. Izinsizakalo ngokuvamile zithatha amarekhodi angamahhala angaphezulu okungahleliwe kulolu hlu lapho kudingeka khona ukuxhumana nge-multithreaded socket.