Ideskithophu ne-Server Database Database
Oracle, SQL Server, Microsoft Access, MySQL, DB2 noma PostgreSQL? Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yemininingwane emakethe namuhla, okwenza ukhetho lwesakhiwo senqalasizinda yenhlangano yakho kube iphrojekthi evezayo.
Chaza Izidingo Zakho
Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwedatha (noma ama-DBMS) zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: yolwazi lwedeskithophu kanye nolwazi lwezeva. Ngokuvamile, yolwazi lwedeskithophu luqondiswe kumayelana nabasebenzisi abangabodwa futhi luhlala kuma-computer ajwayelekile (ngakho-ke ideskithophu yesikhathi).
Ulwazi lwesiphakelalwazi luqukethe izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuvumelana kwedatha futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Lezi zolwazi zenzelwe ukugijima kuma-server asebenza phambili futhi zithwala ithegi ephakeme ehambisanayo.
Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuba ungene futhi uzinikeze kwisisombululo semininingwane. Uzovame ukuthola ukuthi ideskithophu yedeskithophu ifaneleka izidingo zebhizinisi lakho lapho uqobo uhlela ukuthenga isisombululo esisezingeni eliphezulu esiseva. Ungase futhi wembule izidingo ezifihliwe ezidinga ukuthunyelwa kwe-database esekelwe, esekelwe kuseva.
Inqubo yokuhlaziya izidingo izocaca enhlanganweni yakho kodwa, okungenani kufanele iphendule le mibuzo elandelayo:
- Ubani ozosebenzisa i-database futhi yimiphi imisebenzi abayoyenza?
- Idatha izoguqulwa kangaki? Ubani ozokwenza lezi zinguquko?
- Ngubani ozohlinzeka ngoxhaso lwe-IT yedatha?
- Iyiphi i-hardware etholakalayo? Ingabe kukhona isabelomali sokuthenga i-hardware eyengeziwe?
- Ubani ozoba nomthwalo wokugcina idatha?
- Ingabe ukufinyelela kwedatha kuzonikezwa phezu kwe-inthanethi? Uma kunjalo, yiliphi izinga lokufinyelela okufanele lisekelwe?
Uma usuqoqe izimpendulo zale mibuzo, uzobe ulungele ukuqala inqubo yokuhlola izinhlelo ezithile zokuphathwa kwedatha. Ungathola ukuthi isiteji esisezingeni eliphezulu lesisetshenziswa somsebenzisi (njengeSQL Server noma i-Oracle) kuyadingeka ukusekela izidingo zakho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ideskithophu yedatha yedeskithophu efana ne-Microsoft Access ingase ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho (futhi kulula kakhulu ukufunda, kanye ne-pocketbook!)
Amadokhumenti edeskithophu
Amadokhumenti edeskithophu anikezela isisombululo esingabizi, esilula esitokisini esincane esincane sokugcina idatha kanye nezidingo zokuxhaphaza. Zithola igama labo ngenxa yokuthi zenzelwe ukugijima ku- "ideskithophu" (noma yomuntu siqu) amakhompyutha. Cishe uyazi ezinye ezimbalwa zale mikhiqizo kakade - i-Microsoft Access, FileMaker ne-OpenOffice / Free Office Base (mahhala) yibadlali abakhulu. Ake sihlole ezimbalwa zezinzuzo ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa idatha yedeskithophu:
- Amadokhumenti edeskithophu ayabizi. Uzothola ukuthi izixazululo eziningi zedeskithophu zitholakala cishe ngama- $ 100 (uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkulungwane zamaRandi kumzalabo asekelwe eceleni). Eqinisweni, uma unayo ikhophi ye-Microsoft Office, usuvele ungumnikazi welayisensi we-Microsoft Access.
- Amadokhumenti edeskithophu asebenziseka kalula. Ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-SQL akudingeki uma usebenzisa lezi zinhlelo (nakuba abaningi basekela i-SQL ngawe lapha). I-DBMS yedeskithophu ngokuvamile inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esichazayo.
- Ulwazi lwedeskithophu lunikeza izixazululo zewebhu. Ama-database amaningi wedeskithophu zanamuhla anikezela ukusebenza kwewebhu okukuvumela ukuba ushicilele idatha yakho kuwebhu ngendlela ephathekayo noma eqinile.
Ulwazi lwesiphakeli
Ulwazi lwezinsizakalo, njenge- Microsoft SQL Server , i-Oracle, i-PostgreSQL evulekile, ne-IBM DB2, izinhlangano zinikeza amandla okuphatha okuningi kakhulu idatha ngendlela eyenza abasebenzisi abaningi bakwazi ukufinyelela futhi babuyekeze idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma ukwazi ukusingatha ithegi yentengo ephakeme, i-database-based database ingakunika isisombululo esibanzi sokuphatha idatha.
Izinzuzo ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-server-based ziyahlukahluka. Ake sibuke ezimbalwa zezinzuzo ezivelele ezitholakalayo:
- Ukuvumelana nezimo. Ulwazi olusekelwe kwiseva lungasingatha noma iyiphi inkinga yokuphatha idatha ongayiphonsa kubo. Abathuthukisi bathanda lezi zinhlelo ngoba banezinhlelo zokuhlela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinobungane (noma ama-APIs) anikezela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinhlelo zenkambiso ezijwayele idatha. Isiteji se-Oracle sitholakala ngisho nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, ukunikeza ama-junkies we-Linux enkundleni yezinga lokudlala lapho ehlanganiswa ngokumelene nabantu baseMicrosoft.
- Ukusebenza okunamandla. Ulwazi olususelwa kwiseva lunamandla njengoba ufuna ukuthi abe khona. Abadlali abakhulu bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ngendlela efanele nganoma yisiphi isiteji se-hardware enengqondo ongakwazi ukuzakhela yona. Ulwazi olulondoloziwe lwanamuhla lungaphatha amaprosesa amaningi, aphezulu, ama-server ahlanganisiwe, ukuxhumana okuphezulu komkhawulokudonsa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugcina obunzima bokugcina.
- Ukungafinyeleli. Lesi sici sithinta isandla sangaphambili. Uma uzimisele ukunikeza izinsiza ezidingekayo ze-hardware, yolwazi lwesiphakeli luyakwazi ukusingatha kahle ngokulinganisa inani labasebenzisi abasha kanye / noma idatha.
I-NoSQL Eminye Imininingwane Yedatha
Ngesidingo esikhulayo sezinhlangano zokuphatha izinqola ezinkulu zedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi - ezinye zazo azikho isakhiwo sendabuko - "Ulwazi lwe-NoSQL" luye lwaba lukhudlwana kakhulu. I-database ye-NoSQL ayihlelekile kwi-columns / umugqa werowu wezinqolobane zokuxhumana zendabuko, kodwa kunalokho isebenzisa imodeli yedatha eguquguqukayo. Imodeli ihlukahluka, kuye ngokuthi imininingwane: abanye bahlele idatha ngokubalulekile / ukubaluleka kokubili, amagrafu noma izinsika ezibanzi.
Uma ngabe inhlangano yakho idinga ukuqoqa idatha eminingi, cabanga ngalolu hlobo lwemininingwane, ngokuvamile elula ukumisa kunamanye ama-RDBM nokunye okungahleliwe. Abaphikisana kakhulu bahlanganisa i-MongoDB, i-Cassandra, i-CouchDB, ne-Redis.