I-DBMSs Vikela, Hlela, futhi Lawula Idatha Yakho
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwedatha (i-DBMS) isofthiwe evumela ikhompyutha ukuba igcine, ithole, yengeze, isuse, futhi iguqule idatha. I-DBMS ilawula zonke izici eziyinhloko ze-database, kuhlanganise nokuphatha ukuphathwa kwedatha, njengokuqinisekisa komsebenzisi, nokufaka noma ukukhipha idatha. I-DBMS ichaza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-data schema, noma isakhiwo lapho idatha igcinwa khona.
Amathuluzi esiwasebenzisayo nsuku zonke adinga ama-DBMS ngemuva kwezigcawu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-ATM, izinhlelo zokubhuka indiza, izinhlelo zokuqoqa izinto zokuthengisa, kanye nezinhlu zamathalabhulabhu, isibonelo.
Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwedatha yokuxhumana (RDBMS) zisebenzise imodeli yokuxhumana yamatafula nobuhlobo.
Ingemuva kwizinhlelo zokuphathwa kwedatha
Igama elithi DBMS liye lazungeze kusukela ngawo-1960, lapho i-IBM ithuthukisa imodeli yokuqala ye-DBMS ebizwa ngokuthi i-Information Management System (IMS), lapho idatha igcinwa khona kukhompyutha esakhiweni somuthi ophezulu. Izingcezu zomuntu ngamunye zixhunyiwe kuphela phakathi kwamarekhodi womzali nengane.
Isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinhlelo zangasese kwakuyizinhlelo ze-DBMS zenethiwekhi , ezazama ukuxazulula ezinye zokulinganiselwa komklamo ophezulu ngokufaka ubuhlobo obuningi kuya phakathi kwemininingwane. Lokhu kwasithatha eminyakeni yama-1970 lapho imodeli yezinhlelo zokuxhumana ehlelwa yi-IBM ka-Edgar F. Codd, ngokoqobo ubaba we-DBMS yamazwe anamuhla esiwaziyo namuhla.
Izici zeDBMS yama-Modern Relational
Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwedatha yokuxhumana (RDBMS) zisebenzise imodeli yokuxhumana yamatafula nobuhlobo. Inselelo eyinhloko yokwakheka kwamaDBMS ahlobene nanamuhla ukugcina ubuqotho bemininingwane, evikela ukulunga nokuvumelana kwedatha. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinkinga nemithetho yedatha ukugwema ukuphinda ukuphinda noma ukulahlekelwa kwedatha.
I-DBMS iphinda ilawule ukufinyelela ku-database ngokugunyazwa, okungasetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, abaphathi noma abaphathi bangase babe nokufinyelela kwedatha engabonakali kwabanye abasebenzi, noma bangaba negunya lokuhlela idatha ngenkathi abanye abasebenzisi bengayibona kuphela.
Ama-DBMS amaningi asebenzisa ulimi oluhlelekile lwe-SQL , olunikeza indlela yokuxhumana ne-database. Eqinisweni, noma ngabe i-database inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babheke kalula, bakhethe, bahlele, noma benze ngendlela ehlukile idatha, yi-SQL eyenza le misebenzi ngemuva.
Izibonelo zamaDBMS
Namuhla, ama-DBMS amaningi okuhweba nokuvula avulekile. Eqinisweni, ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi idatha oyidingayo yinto eyinkimbinkimbi. Umakethe we-DBMS ophezulu ohlobene nawo ulawulwa yi-Oracle, i-Microsoft SQL Server, ne-IBM DB2, zonke izinqumo ezithembekile zezinhlelo zedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinkulu. Kuzinhlangano ezincane noma ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya, ama-DBMS adumile yi-Microsoft Access ne-FileMaker Pro.
Muva nje, amanye ama-DBMS angabambisani asekhulile ekuthandeni. Lezi yi-flavor ye-NoSQL, lapho i-schema eqondile ye-RDBM ishintshwe khona ngesakhiwo esivumelana nezimo. Lezi ziwusizo ekugcineni nasekusebenzeni ngamasethingi eqoqo kakhulu ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinombolo. Abadlali abakhulu kule ndawo bafaka i-MongoDB, i-Cassandra, i-HBase, i-Redis, ne-CouchDB.