Amagama wesiphakeli angu-13 yisimiso se-IPv4
Ama-server wegama lezimpande ze- DNS ahumusha ama- URL kumakheli e- IP . Lezi amaseva ezimpande zingenethiwekhi yamakhulu amaseva kumazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, ndawonye baziwa njengama-server angama-13 atholakala kumkhakha wezimpande ze-DNS.
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa ukuthi i-intanethi ye-Domain Name System isebenzisa izinsizakalo ezingu-13 ze- DNS empeleni yobuphathi bayo: Inombolo 13 ikhethiwe njengokwenzisana phakathi kokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi nokusebenza, futhi isuselwe kwisinqophiso se- Inthanethi Protocol (IP) inguqulo 4 (IPv4).
Ngenkathi nje kuphela amagama angu-13 e-DNS asetshenziselwa ukusondeza i-IPv4, eqinisweni, ngalinye lala magama alimeli ikhompyutha eyodwa kodwa kunamaqoqo e-server aqukethe amakhompyutha amaningi. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwandisa ukwethembeka kwe-DNS ngaphandle komphumela omubi ekusebenzeni kwayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-IP evamile ye-IP engu-6 ayinayo imingcele ephansi kangaka ngobukhulu bomdatha ngamunye, singalindela i-DNS ezayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqukethe amaseva amaningi okusekela i-IPv6.
Amaphakethe we-DNS IP
Ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwe-DNS kuncike kwizigidi zamanye amaseva we-intanethi okuthola amaseva ezimpande nganoma isiphi isikhathi, amakheli wezinsiza ezimpande kufanele asakazwe nge-IP ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Okufanelekile, zonke lezi amakheli we-IP kufanele zihambelane nephakeji elilodwa ( datagram ) ukuze ugweme ukuphelela kokuthumela imilayezo eminingi phakathi kwamaseva.
Ku-IPv4 ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi namuhla, idatha ye-DNS engangena ngaphakathi kwepakethe eyodwa ifana ne- bytes angu- 512 ngemuva kokukhipha yonke enye imininingwane ehambisana neprotocol equkethe amaphakethe. Ikheli ngalinye le-IPv4 lidinga ama-bytes angu-32. Ngakho-ke, abaklami be-DNS bakhetha abangu-13 njengenombolo yamaseva wezimpande ze-IPv4, bathatha ama-bytes angu-416 wepakethe bese beshiya ama-bytes angu-96 kolunye ulwazi olusekelayo kanye nokuguquguquka kokungeza amaseva ambalwa we-DNS esizayo uma kudingeka. A
Ukusetshenziswa kweDNS okusebenzayo
Ama-server wegama lezimpande ze-DNS akuzona zonke ezibalulekile kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile wekhompyutha. Inombolo 13 nayo ayinqandezi amaseva we-DNS ongawasebenzisa kumadivayisi wakho. Eqinisweni, kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo esidlangalaleni ze-DNS ukuthi ubani angasebenzisa ukushintsha amaseva we-DNS ukuthi noma yimaphi amadivayisi awo asebenzisa.
Isibonelo, ungenza ithebhulethi yakho isebenzise iseva ye-Cloudfare DNS ukuze izicelo zakho ze-intanethi zigijime kuleso seva se-DNS esikhundleni sehlukile njenge-Google. Lokhu kungasiza uma iseva ye-Google iphansi noma uthola ukuthi ungadlulisa amehlo kuwebhu ngokushesha usebenzisa iseva ye-DNS ye-Cloudfare.