Iningi labantu aliqapheli, kodwa sincike ekubetheni kwenethiwekhi cishe njalo lapho sihamba ku-intanethi. Kuzo zonke izinto ezivela ebhange nokuthenga ukuze zihlole i-imeyili, sithanda ukuthengiswa kwe-intanethi ukuvikelwa kahle, nokubethela kusiza ukwenza lokho kwenzeke.
Kuyini ukubethela kwenethiwekhi?
Ukubethela kuyindlela ethandwa futhi ephumelelayo yokulondoloza idatha yenethiwekhi. Inqubo yokubethela ifihla idatha noma okuqukethwe komlayezo ngendlela yokuthi ulwazi lwangempela lungatholakala kuphela ngenqubo ehambisanayo yokumemezela . Ukubethelwa nokubethelwa kwamakhomikhali kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokubhala nge-cryptography - isiyalo sesayensi sokuxhumana okuphephile.
Izinqubo eziningi ezihlukene zokubhala nokubethela (okubizwa ngokuthi ama- algorithms ) zikhona. Ikakhulukazi kwi-Inthanethi, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina imininingwane yalezi zindlela eziyimfihlo ngokuyimfihlo. Abakwa-Cryptographer baqonda lokhu futhi bahlela ukulungiswa kwazo ukuze basebenze ngisho noma imininingwane yabo yokusebenzisa isenziwa umphakathi. Ama-algorithms amaningi wokubhala amagama afinyelela kule nqanaba yokuvikela ngokusebenzisa izihluthulelo .
Kuyini ukhiye wokubhala?
Kwi-cryptography yekhomputha, isihluthulelo ukulandelana eside kwezingqikithi ezisetshenziselwa ukubethelwa nokuchithwa kwemigomo. Isibonelo, okulandelayo kumelela ukhiye obangama-40-bit:
00001010 01101001 10011110 00011100 01010101
I-algorithm yokubethela ithatha isigijimi sokuqala esingabhalisiwe, nesikhiye esinjengenhla, futhi ishintsha umlayezo wokuqala ngezibalo ngokusekelwe ezinkampeni zesikhiye ukuze wakhe umlayezo omusha obhalwe ngekhodi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-algorithm ye-decryption ithatha umyalezo obhaliwe bese uyibuyisela kwifomu layo langempela usebenzisa okhiye owodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Amanye ama-algorithms e-cryptographic asebenzisa ukhiye owodwa wokubili ukubethela nokumisa kabusha. Isihluthulelo esinjalo kumele sigcinwe ngasese; uma kungenjalo, noma ubani owazi isihluthulelo esetshenziselwa ukuthumela umlayezo anganikeza lelo khiye ku-algorithm yokumemezela ukuze ufunde lowo mlayezo.
Amanye ama-algorithms asebenzisa ukhiye owodwa wokubethela futhi owesibili, ukhiye ohlukile wokumisa kabusha. Isihluthulelo sokubhala singahlala esidlangalaleni kulokhu, njengoba ngaphandle kokwazi imilayezo yokhiye wokumemezela ayikwazi ukufunda. Izivumelwano zokuphepha ze-Intanethi ezidumile zisebenzisa lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukubethela komphakathi .
Ukubethela kwizinkinobho zasekhaya
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya we-Wi-Fi asekela izinqubo eziningana zokuphepha ezifaka i- WPA ne- WPA2 . Ngenkathi la akuwona amandla okubhala okunamandla kunazo zonke, akwanele ukuvikela amanethiwekhi asekhaya ukuthi abe nomgwaqo wabo obhekwe ngabangaphandle.
Hlola ukuthi ngabe uhlobo luni lokubethela olusebenzayo kunethiwekhi yekhaya ngokuhlola umzila ovulekile (noma enye inethiwekhi yesango ).
Ukubethela kwi-Intanethi
Iziphequluli ze-Web zanamuhla zisebenzisa i-protocol yeSecurity Sockets Layer (SSL) yokuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi ephephile. I-SSL isebenza ngokusebenzisa ukhiye womphakathi wokubethela kanye nekhiye yangasese ehlukile yokumisa kabusha. Uma ubona isiqalo se-HTTPS ku- string ye-URL kusiphequluli sakho, kubonisa ukuthi ukubethela kwe-SSL kwenzeka ngemuva kwezingqikithi.
Indima Yesikhathi Esibalulekile Nokuphepha Kwenethiwekhi
Ngoba kokubili ukubethela kwe-WPA / WPA2 kanye ne-SSL kuncike kakhulu kwizihluthulelo, isilinganiso esisodwa sokusebenza kokubethela kwenethiwekhi ngokwemibandela yobude obukhulu - inombolo yezinkinobho kuhluthulelo.
Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwe-SSL kuziphequluli zewebhu ze-Netscape ne-Internet Explorer eminyakeni eminingi edlule isebenzisa izinga lokubethela le-SSL engu-40-bit. Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kweWEP kwamanethiwekhi asekhaya basebenzisa izinkinobho ze-40-bit zokubethela nazo.
Ngeshwa, ukubethela okungama-40-bit kube lula kakhulu ukuthola noma "ukuphahlaza" ngokuqagela ukhiye wokulungisa ukulungisa. Inqubo evamile yokuhlonza ikhompigraphy ebizwa ngokuthi i- brute-force decryption isebenzisa ukucubungula ikhompyutha ukubala ngokugcwele futhi uzame zonke izinkinobho ezikhona. Ukubethela oku-2-bit, isibonelo, kuhilela amanani amane okusemqoka okuqagela:
00, 01, 10, no-11
Ukubethelwa kwe-3-bit kuhlanganisa amanani ayisishiyagalombili angenzeka, ukubethelwa okungu-4-bit okungenani okungenzeka, nokunye okuqhubekayo. Ukukhuluma ngokwezibalo, 2 n amanani angenzeka akhona ukhiye we-n-bit.
Ngenkathi u-2 40 ungabonakala njengenamba enkulu kakhulu, akulona nzima kakhulu kumakhompyutha anamuhla ukuba aqhekeze lezi zinhlanganisela eziningi esikhathini esifushane. Abenzi be-software yokuphepha baqaphela isidingo sokwandisa amandla wokubethela futhi bathunyelwe ku-128-bit nangaphezulu amazinga wokubhala amagama eminyakeni eminingi edlule.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubethela okungama-40-bit, ukubethela okungu-128-bit kunikeza izinkinobho ezingu-88 ezengeziwe zobude obalulekile. Lokhu kuhumusha ku-2 88 noma ukukhishwa
309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056
inhlanganisela eyengeziwe edingekayo ekuqhekekeni kwamandla amakhulu. Abanye abasebenza ngaphezulu kumadivayisi kwenzeka lapho kufanele babhale futhi bafake umthamo womzila womyalezo ngalawa makhiye, kodwa izinzuzo zidlula izindleko.