Umhlahlandlela Wokuqala WPA2 nokuthi Usebenza Kanjani
I-WPA2 (i-Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha kwenethiwekhi obuvame ukusetshenziswa emanethiwekhi angenantambo we-Wi-Fi . Kuyinto yokuthuthukiswa kusukela ubuchwepheshe bokuqala be- WPA , okwakhiwe njengengxenye esikhundleni se- WEP esidala nakakhulu kakhulu.
I-WPA2 isetshenziswe kuwo wonke amahadi we-Wi-Fi aqinisekisiwe kusukela ngo-2006 futhi isekelwe izinga le-IEEE 802.11i lobuchwepheshe bokubethela idatha.
Uma i-WPA2 inikwe amandla ngokukhethwa kukho okunamandla kakhulu, noma ubani omunye ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi angase abone ukuhamba komgwaqo kodwa uzokwenziwa ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokubethela.
I-WPA2 vs. i-WPA ne-WEP
Kungaba ukudideka ukubona ama-acronymms WPA2, WPA, ne-WEP ngoba kungenzeka konke kubonakale kufana kakhulu nokuthi akunandaba ukuthi ukhetha ukuvikela inethiwekhi yakho, kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo.
Okuvikelekile okungenani yi-WEP, ehlinzeka ngokulondeka okulingana nokwaxhunyiwe kwe-wired. I-WEP isakaza imilayezo isebenzisa amagagasi omsakazo futhi kulula kakhulu ukuphahlazeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukhiye ofanayo wokubethela usetshenziselwa yonke iphakethe yedatha. Uma idatha eyanele ihlaziywa yi-eavesdropper, ukhiye ungatholakala kalula ngesofthiwe ezenzakalelayo (ngisho nasemaminithini ambalwa nje). Kungcono ukugwema i-WEP ngokuphelele.
I-WPA ithuthukisa ku-WEP ngoba inikeza uhlelo lokubethela i-TKIP ukuxosha ukhiye wokubhala bese uqinisekisa ukuthi alishintshiwe ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-WPA2 ne-WPA wukuthi i-WPA2 iphinde ithuthukise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngoba kudinga ukusebenzisa indlela yokubethela enamandla ebizwa nge-AES.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zezinkinobho zokuphepha ze-WPA2 ezikhona. I-WPA2 I-Key Shared Pre-Shared (PSK) isebenzisa izihluthulelo ezinamadijithi ama-hexadecimal angu-64 ubude futhi yiyona ndlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi asekhaya. Ukushintshaniswa kwama-routers amaningi ekhaya "I-WPA2 PSK" ne-"WPA2 Personal" imodi; babhekisela kwezobuchwepheshe obufanayo.
Ithiphu: Uma uthatha into eyodwa kuphela kulezi ziqhathaniso, qaphela ukuthi kusukela okungaphephile okuvikelekile kakhulu, yi-WEP, WPA bese i-WPA2.
I-AES ne-TKIP ye-Crypting Wireless
Uma uhlela inethiwekhi nge-WPA2, kunezinketho eziningi ongakhetha kuzo, ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukukhetha phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokubethela: i-AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) ne-TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol).
Ama-routers amaningi ekhaya avumela abaphathi bakhethe phakathi kwalezi zinhlanganisela ezingenzeka:
- I-WPA ne-TKIP (i-WPA-TKIP): Lokhu kuyisinqumo esizenzakalelayo kubasebenzisi basendulo ababengakasekeli i-WPA2.
- I-WPA ne-AES (i-WPA-AES): I-AES yaqala ukuqaliswa ngaphambi kokuba izinga le-WPA2 liqedwe, nakuba ambalwa amaklayenti aseke asekela le meyi.
- I-WPA2 nge-AES (i-WPA2-AES): Lokhu kuyindlela yokuzenzakalelayo yama-routers amasha kanye nenketho enconyiwe yamanethiwekhi lapho wonke amakhasimende asekela i-AES.
- I-WPA2 nge-AES ne-TKIP (WPA2-AES / TKIP): Ama-Routers adinga ukunika amandla omabili amamodi uma noma yikuphi amaklayenti awo engasekeli i-AES. Wonke amaklayenti afanelekayo e-WPA2 asekela i-AES kodwa amaklayenti amaningi e-WPA akwenzi.
Amaphesenti we-WPA2
Ama-routers amaningi asekela kokubili i-WPA2 nesici esihlukile esibizwa ngokuthi i- Wi-Fi Setup Setup (WPS) . Ngenkathi i-WPS iklanyelwe ukwenza kube lula inqubo yokusetha ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya, amaphutha ekusebenziseni kwawo kakhulu anciphisa ukusebenza kwawo.
Njengoba i-WPA2 ne-WPS ikhutshaziwe, umhlaseli udinga ukuthi ngandlela-thile anqume i-WPA2 PSK ukuthi amaklayenti abasebenzisa, okuyinto inqubo echitha isikhathi esiningi. Njengoba izici zombili zivunyelwe, umhlaseli udinga kuphela ukuthola iphinikhodi ye-WPS ukuze, futhi, aveze ukhiye we-WPA2, okuyinkqubo elula kakhulu. Abameli bezokuphepha batusa ukugcina i-WPS kukhutshaziwe ngalesi sizathu.
I-WPA ne-WPA2 ngezinye izikhathi ziphazamisana uma zombili zinikwe amandla ku-router ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi zingabangela ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwamakhasimende.
Ukusebenzisa i-WPA2 kunciphisa ukusebenza koxhumo lenethiwekhi ngenxa yokwenza okunye okusetshenziselwa ukufaka ukubethela nokubethelwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-WPA2 ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nengozi yokuphepha yokusebenzisa i-WPA noma i-WEP, noma ngisho nokubhala okungekho nhlobo.