Amaphakethe wekhompyutha ziyisici esibalulekile kuwo wonke amadivayisi we-computing. Amaphakethe wekhompyutha anikezela ukufakelwa kokufakwayo nokukhipha idivaysi idinga ukuxhumana namakheli namanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni. Amathrekhi abaluleke kunawo wonke kumakhompyutha asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngekhompyutha.
Amapayipi angokwenyama
I-port ingaba ngokomzimba noma iyinqobo. Izindawo zokuxhumana zenethiwekhi zivumela uxhumano lwezintambo kumakhompyutha, ama-routers , amamodemu , namanye amadivaysi omsakazo. Izinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zamapayipi angokwenyama atholakala kwi-computer network hardware zihlanganisa:
- Amathrekhi e-Ethernet : Amaphoyinti okuxhumeka ngekwele amakhodi e-Ethernet
- Amathrekhi we-USB : Amaphoyinti wokuxhuma emigqumeni yezingcingo ze-USB
- Amapayipi angama-serial : Amaphoyinti okuxhumeka nxazonke amakhodi we-serial
Amapayipi enethiwekhi engenantambo
Njengoba amanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha aphethwe yi-wired axhomeke kumachwebeni angokomzimba nezintambo, amanethiwekhi angenantambo angayidingi. Amanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi, isibonelo, sebenzisa izinombolo zesiteshi ezimele ama-band signaling bands.
Amaports Protocol Protocol
Amachweba ama-Virtual ayinxenye ebalulekile ye- Internet Protocol (IP) . Lawa machweba avumela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ukwabelana ngezinsiza ze-hardware ngaphandle kokuphazamisana. Amakhompiyutha nama-routers alawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhamba kwe-network yenethiwekhi ngokuhamba ngamachweba abo. Amaprosesa asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana anikeze nokulawula okunye ukuhamba kwezimoto kuchweba ngalinye elibonakalayo ngezinjongo zokuphepha.
Ezingxenyeni ze-IP, lezi zichweba ezibonakalayo zibalwa 0 kuya ku-65535. Ngaphezulu, bheka Iyini Inombolo YePort?
Izinkinga namaPorts ku-Computer Networking
Amapayipi angokomzimba angayeka ukusebenza ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwe-port zihlanganisa:
- Ama-surge amandla (amadivaysi axhunyiwe ngokomzimba kumadivayisi kagesi)
- Ukulimala kwamanzi
- Ukuhluleka kwangaphakathi
- Ukulimala okubangelwa izikhonkwane ezivela emakhompheni (okubangelwa ukufaka izintambo ngamandla kakhulu, noma ngokuzama ukuvula uhlobo olungalungile lwekhebula echwebeni).
Ngaphandle kokulimala kwezikhonkwane, ukuhlola ngokomzimba ihadi hardware ngeke kutholakale lutho olusobala ukuthi lungalungile. Ukuhluleka kwechwethi eyodwa kudivayisi ye-multiport (njenge- router yenethiwekhi ) akuthinti ukusebenza kwamanye amachweba.
Izinga lezinga lesitshalo sechweba langempela angeke lizinqunywe ngokuhlolwa komzimba kuphela. Amanye amadivaysi e- Ethernet , isibonelo, asebenza kuma-100 Mbps , kanti amanye asekela i- Gigabit Ethernet , kodwa isixhumi somzimba siyafana kuzo zombili izimo. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izixhumi ze- USB zisekela inguqulo 3.0 ngenkathi abanye basekela kuphela u-2.x noma ngezinye izikhathi ngisho no-1.x.
Inselele evame kakhulu umuntu ebhekene namaports angempela yizokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Abahlaseli be-intanethi bahlola njalo amabhulogi amawebhusayithi, ama-routers, nanoma iyiphi enye inethiwekhi. I- firewall yenethiwekhi isisiza kakhulu ukuqapha lokhu kuhlaselwa ngokunciphisa ukufinyelela kwamapayipi asekelwe kwinombolo yabo. Ukuze kuphumelele kakhulu, i-firewall ivame ukuba yinkinga engaphezu kweqile futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyovimbela ithrafikhi umuntu afuna ukuyivumela. Izindlela zokumisa imithetho ukuthi izibhamu zisebenzise ukucubungula izimoto ezifana nemithetho yokudlulisela i-port ingaba nzima kakhulu kwabangenzi-nonprofessionals ukuphatha.