Incazelo: i-ARP (Ikheli le-Resolution Protocol) liguqula ikheli le - Intanethi ye-Intanethi (i-IP) ekhelini layo lenethiwekhi elihambelana nayo. Amanethiwekhi we-IP afaka nalawo agijima ku- Ethernet ne- Wi-Fi adinga i-ARP ukuze isebenze.
Umlando kanye nenhloso ye-ARP
I-ARP yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 njengenqubo evamile yokuhumusha ikheli lezinhlelo ze-IP. Ngaphandle kwe-Ethernet ne-Wi-Fi, i-ARP nayo isetshenziselwe i- ATM , i- Token Ring , nezinye izinhlobo zenethiwekhi.
I-ARP ivumela inethiwekhi ukuthi iphathe ukuxhumana okuzimele kudivayisi ethile ephathekayo enamathiselwe ngamunye. Lokhu kwenza i-Protocol ye-Intanethi isebenze ngokuphumelelayo kunokuba ngabe kwakudingeka iphathe amakheli azo zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi we-hardware namanethiwekhi womzimba ngokwawo.
Indlela i-ARP isebenza ngayo
I-ARP isebenza ku-Layer 2 kumodeli we- OSI . Ukwesekwa kohlelo lwe-Protocol kusetshenziselwa abashayeli bezinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi. Imibiko ye-Inthanethi ye-RFC 826 ye-protocol efaka ifomethi yepakethe kanye nokusebenza kwemilayezo yesicelo nokuphendula
I-ARP isebenza kumanethiwekhi wamanje we-Ethernet ne-Wi-Fi kanje:
- Ama-adapters wenethiwekhi akhiqizwa ngekheli langempela elihlanganisiwe kwi-hardware ebizwa ngokuthi i- Media Access Control (MAC) ikheli. Abakhiqizi baqaphele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lamakheli angu-6-byte (48-bit) ayingqayizivele, njengoba i-IP incike kulezi zihlonzi eziyingqayizivele zokulethwa komlayezo.
- Uma ngabe iyiphi idivayisi ifisa ukuthumela idatha kwelinye idivaysi eqondisiwe, kufanele kuqala iqonde ikheli le-MAC yalolo litshe linikezwe ikheli layo le-IP Le mapping yekheli le-IP-kuya-MAC itholakala ekugcineni kwe- ARP egcinwe kudivayisi ngayinye.
- Uma ikheli le-IP elinikeziwe lingabonakali kwisilondolozi sedivaysi, lelo divayisi ayikwazi ukuthumela imilayezo kulowo mbono ize ithole ibalazwe elisha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, idivayisi yokuqala ithumela umyalezo wokusakaza wesicelo se- ARP kumsnetnet wendawo. Umsingathi ngekheli le-IP elinikeziwe uthumela impendulo ye-ARP ngokuphendula kumsakazo omkhulu, okuvumela idivaysi yokuqalisa ukuba ivuselele isilondolozi sayo futhi iqhubeke nokuletha imiyalezo ngqo kulitshe.
I-ARP engenayo futhi ibuyele i-ARP
Inqubo ye-network ebizwa ngokuthi i-RARP (i-Reverse ARP) yasungulwa ngawo-1980 ukuze ihlanganise i-ARP. Njengoba igama layo lisho, i-RARP yenza umsebenzi ohlukile we-ARP, ukuguqula kusuka kumakheli enethiwekhi ngokomzimba amakheli e-IP abelwe lawo madivayisi. I-RARP yenziwe ingasebenzi ngokwe-DHCP futhi ayisasetshenziswa.
Iprotocol ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Inverse ARP nayo isekela umsebenzi odweba ukudweba ikheli. I-ARP engenayo ayisetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi we-Ethernet noma i-Wi-Fi noma ngabe ngezinye izikhathi ingatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo.
I-ARP ekhululekile
Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-ARP, amanye amadivaysi namadivayisi wenethiwekhi asebenzisa indlela yokuxhumana ebizwa ngokuthi i-ARP ekhululekile lapho idivayisi isakaza umlayezo wesicelo se-ARP kuleyo nethiwekhi yonke yendawo yokwazisa amanye amadivaysi okhona.