Indlela yokusebenzisa ikheli le-IP ukuthola ikheli le-MAC

Amanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha we- TCP / IP asebenzisa kokubili amakheli e-IP namakheli we- MAC amadivaysi eklayenti axhunyiwe. Ngenkathi ikheli le-IP lishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikheli le-MAC le-adaptha yenethiwekhi lihlala njalo lifanayo.

Kunezizathu eziningana ongase ufune ukwazi ikheli le-MAC lekhomputha elikude, futhi kulula kakhulu ukwenza ngokusebenzisa umthombo womyalo womyalo , njenge- Command Prompt ku-Windows.

Idivayisi eyodwa ingaba ne-interfaces amaningi yenethiwekhi namakheli we-MAC. Ikhompuyutha yekhompyutha ephathekayo ene- Ethernet , i- Wi-Fi , nokuxhumana kwe- Bluetooth , isibonelo, inamakheli amabili noma amanye ama-MAC amathathu ahambisana nayo, enye yedivaysi yenethiwekhi ngayinye.

Kungani uveza ikheli le-MAC?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokulandelela phansi ikheli le-MAC lensiza yenethiwekhi:

• Ukusetha ukuhlunga ikheli le-MAC ku-router ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi yilawo madivaysi amakheli abo afana nohlu lwamalungiselelo okulungiselela
• Ukuze unqume umkhiqizi wedivayisi (isigamu sokuqala sekheli) nenombolo ye-serial (ingxenye yesibili yekheli), njengesevisi yewaranti
• Ukumisa (spoof) ubunikazi bedivaysi ehlukile. I-MAC ekhuluma nge-spoofing ingasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ukubhalisa idivaysi yenethiwekhi yesango lenethiwekhi nomhlinzeki we-intanethi. Kodwa-ke, ingaba nomgomo ononya, njengokunqoba isici sokuhlunga ikheli le-MAC ukuze ungene kwinethiwekhi

Ukulinganiselwa kwe-Lookups yekheli le-MAC

Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukubuka amakheli we-MAC wamadivayisi angaphandle kokufinyelela komuntu ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukunquma ikheli le-MAC yekhompyutha kusuka ekhelini layo le-IP yedwa ngoba lawa makheli amabili avela emithonjeni ehlukene.

Ukumiswa kwe- hardware yekhompiyutha inquma ikheli layo le-MAC ngenkathi ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi kuxhunyiwe ukuze kunqume ikheli le-IP.

Kodwa-ke, uma amakhompyutha axhumeke kwinethiwekhi efanayo ye-TCP / IP, ungakwazi ukunquma ikheli le-MAC ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i- ARP (Ikheli le-Resolution Protocol) , elifakwe ne-TCP / IP.

Ukusebenzisa i-ARP, isikhombimsebenzisi ngasinye senethiwekhi yendawo sithatha kokubili ikheli le-IP nekheli le-MAC yedivaysi ngayinye esanda kuxhumana nayo. Ama-computer amaningi akwenza ubone lolu hlu lwamakheli i-ARP eqoqile.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-ARP ukuthola ikheli le-MAC

Ku-Windows, Linux, nakwamanye ama- operating system , umshini wokusebenzisa umyalo "arp" ubonisa ulwazi lwekheli le-MAC lendawo elondolozwe ku-cache ye-ARP. Kodwa-ke, isebenza kuphela eqenjini elincane lama-computer endaweni yenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) , hhayi yonkana kwi-intanethi.

Qaphela: Kunendlela ehlukile esetshenziselwa ukuthola ikheli le-MAC lekhompuyutha oyisebenzisayo okwamanje , okubandakanya ukusebenzisa i- ipconfig / yonke umyalo (ku-Windows).

I-ARP ihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa abaphathi bezinhlelo futhi akuyona indlela ewusizo ejwayelekile yokulandelela phansi amakhompyutha kanye nabantu ku-intanethi.

Noma kunjalo, ngezansi kungesinye isibonelo sokuthola ikheli le-MAC ngekheli le-IP. Okokuqala, qalisa ngokuchofoza idivayisi ofuna iMAC ukubhekana nayo:

Umyalo we- ping usungula uxhumano nenye idivayisi kunethiwekhi futhi kufanele ubonise umphumela onjengale:

Sebenzisa umyalo we-arp olandelayo ukuthola uhlu olubonisa ikheli le-MAC lalelo divayisi oyibeke kuyo:

Imiphumela ingase ibonakale into enjengale, kodwa mhlawumbe ngokunye okufakiwe:

Thola ikheli le-IP yedivayisi ohlwini; ikheli le-MAC liboniswa ngqo eduze kwalo. Kulesi sibonelo, ikheli le-IP liyi-192.168.86.45 futhi ikheli layo le-MAC liyi-98-90-96-B9-9D-61 (basesibindi lapha ukuze kugcizelelwe).