I-Protocol Iqinisekisa Ukudluliswa Kwemininingwane Ethembekile
I-TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) iyinqubo ebalulekile yenethiwekhi esetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha kumanethiwekhi. I-protocol, kumongo wamanethiwekhi, isethi yemithetho nezinqubo ezilawula ukuthi ukudluliswa kwedatha kwenziwa kanjani ukuze wonke umuntu emhlabeni wonke, azimele endaweni, isofthiwe noma i-hardware esetshenzisiwe, enza into efanayo ngendlela efanayo . I-TCP isebenza kanye ne- IP (i-Inthanethi Protocol) ku-duo eyaziwa ngokuthi iTCP / IP. Ungabona leli gama kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha yakho, i-smartphone yakho noma idivayisi ephathekayo uma udlala ngokuzungezile ngezilungiselelo. Ingxenye ye-IP isebenza ngokubheja nokudlulisela amaphakethe wedatha kusuka emthonjeni kuya endaweni lapho i-TCP ilawula ukwethembeka kokudluliselwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizobona ukuthi i-TCP yenzani nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Yisiphi i-TCP
Umsebenzi we-TCP ukulawula ukudluliswa kwedatha njengokuthi kunokwethenjelwa. Emanethiwekhi afana ne-intanethi, idatha idluliselwa kumapakethe, okuyizinyunithi zedatha ezithunyelwa ngokuzimela kwinethiwekhi, futhi ziphinde zihlangane lapho zifika lapho zizo khona ukuze zibuyise idatha yangempela.
Ukwedluliswa kolwazi kwinethiwekhi kwenziwa ezendatsheni, inqubo ngayinye yokwengqimba eyodwa yenza into ehambisana nalokho abanye abakwenzayo. Leli setha lezingqimba libizwa ngokuthi i-protocol stack. Umsebenzi we-TCP kanye ne-IP ngesandla esandleni, enye ngenhla. Isibonelo, kumathini owodwa, ungaba ne-HTTP - TCP - IP - WiFi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma, isibonelo, ikhompyutha ifinyelela ekhasini lewebhu, isebenzisa i-protocol ye-HTTP ukuthola ikhasi lewebhu ku-HTML, i-TCP ilawula ukudluliselwa, i-IP ukusakaza kwinethiwekhi (isib. I-intanethi), nokudluliselwa kwe-WiFi kunethiwekhi yendawo.
Ngakho-ke, i-TCP inesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukwethenjwa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Ukudluliselwa kwedatha okunokwethenjelwa kungenye yezidingo ezilandelayo. Izimo zinikwe ukuqonda kangcono umqondo.
- Wonke amaphakethe afika lapho uya khona, akusikho iphakethe elahlekile. Awufuni izincwadi noma imisho engekho uma uthumela i-imeyili yakho noma imilayezo esheshayo.
- Akukho ukubambezeleka okunjalo okungathinta ikhwalithi yedatha. Ufuna ingxoxo yakho ngesikhathi socingo lwakho lwe- VoIP noma umsindo wokusakazwa ukuze uhambisane njalo, ukwehluleka ukuthi amagama akhulunywe angatholakali.
- Wonke amaphakethe wedatha aphinde ahlanganiswe ngokulandelana. Ufuna amagama akho emgqeni we-imeyili yakho ukuba abe ngomyalelo owawubhalele. Eminye, inyamazane ingadla ingonyama esikhundleni sokuxoxisana ngokwemvelo.
Indlela i-TCP isebenza ngayo
I-TCP ibhala ngamaphakethe ayo anjalo. Iqinisekisa ukuthi banesikhathi sokugcina sokufinyelela lapho kufike khona (okungukuthi ubude bama-millisecond angamakhulu ambalwa okuthiwa yisikhathi sokuphuma), kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko zobuchwepheshe. Ngephakethe ngalinye elitholiwe, idivayisi yokuthumela ikwaziswa ngepakethe elibizwa ngokuthi liyamukelwa. Igama lisho konke. Uma ngemuva kokuphuma kwesikhathi, akukho ukuvuma okutholakele, umthombo uthumela enye ikhophi yepakethe elahlekile noma elilibalekile. Amaphakethe angaphandle kwe-oda nawo awavunyelwa. Ngale ndlela, wonke amaphakethe ahlale ehlangene ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kwemigodi nangaphakathi ukubambezeleka okulungiselelwe nokwamukeleka.
Ukukhuluma nge-TCP
Ngenkathi i-IP inendlela ephelele yokubhekana namakheli e-IP awaziwayo, i-TCP ayinayo uhlelo lokubhekana nelolu hlobo olunzulu. Akudingi eyodwa. Isebenzisa kuphela izinombolo ezinikezwe idivayisi ukuthi isebenza ukukhomba lapho zithola khona futhi zithumele amaphakethe yimuphi umsebenzi. Lezi zinombolo zibizwa ngokuthi izikebhe. Isibonelo, iziphequluli zewebhu zisebenzisa i-port 80 ye-TCP. I-Port 25 isetshenzisiwe noma i-imeyili. Inombolo ye-port ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa nekheli le-IP lenkonzo, isb. 192.168.66.5:80