Ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwejubane ngezinyamazane kuyindaba eqondile ezindaweni eziningi, futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kubo bonke abathintekayo abathintekayo. Iningi lezinyamazane lihlaselwa yizimoto ziyafa, izimoto ezishaya inyamazane zingalimaza izinkulungwane zamaRandi, futhi abantu kulawo mazimoto bangabhekana nokulimala okulimazayo, kuze kube sekufeni. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, imicu yezinambuzane ivele njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lezi zingozi ezibulalayo, kodwa imibuzo ihlala ikhona mayelana nokuthi imilingo yomswakama isebenza kanjani njengoba ikhangisiwe.
Kungokwemvelo ukufuna izindlela zokugwema ukushayisana kwezinyamazane, futhi abantu abaningi bafunga ukuthi amadivaysi afana nekhanda lamanzi enza kahle. Kodwa-ke, bonke ubufakazi obutholakalayo bubonakala bukela ubuchwepheshe obufana nezibuko eziphambene nezimo zokugwema ukugqekeza , namasu afana nokushayela okuzivikela, njengoba kusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekugwemeni ukushayisana kwezinyamazane kunemikhonto.
Inkinga Ekhulayo Yezingxabano Zama-Deer
Ngokusho kwe-Insurance Information Institute, cishe abashayeli abangu-1: 169 e-United States babambene nesibindi ngo-2015. Njengoba kunezigidi ezingaba ngu-210 eziphethe amalayisensi kuleli zwe, lokho kuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lokushayisana phakathi kwezilwane nemoto ngonyaka ngamunye.
Imvamisa yokushayisana kwezinyamazane ingalandelwa emuva kwezimbalwa eziningana, kubandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kwemvelo, lapho izinyamazane ziphoqeleka ukuba ziwele emigwaqeni ukuze ziqhume, futhi ukunyuka kancane kancane, ngaphezu kwezizukulwane, kwenzalo emgwaqweni wendlela. Abantu abathandekayo baye baphuthuka eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yemingcele yokuzingela nokuqedwa kwezilwane ezinjengezilwane ezivela ezindaweni eziningi zokudla. Njengoba kunabashayeli abaningi abanelayisense emgwaqeni njalo ngonyaka, futhi abantu abaningi baqhuma ezindaweni eziningi, ukwanda kwezinkinga zezinyama kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
I-Deer yizilwane ezinzima ezinezikhungo ezinamandla eziphakanyiswe imilenze ende, yingakho ukushaya inselo ngokuvamile kuyingozi kakhulu kokubili isilwane nemoto. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Insurance Information Institute, umonakalo ovamile owenziwe yimoto ekushayweni kwezinambuzane kufaka ngaphezu kuka-$ 3,000. Kwezimoto ezindala namaloli, ngokuvamile kuvame ukulinganisa imoto.
Ngesikhathi abantu abangaba ngu-150 bafa ngezidakamizwa ngo-2008, kwathi abanye abangu-30 000 balimala, izinyamazane zisaqhubeka ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba. Eqinisweni, inani lezinyamazane ezibulewe abazingeli ngonyaka liphindwe izikhathi eziyisithupha kuphela kunani lezinyamazane ezibulewe ezingozini zemoto.
Ngesikhathi abazingeli bethatha izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha e-United States, ngokusho kwedatha evela e-American Institute of Biological Sciences, abashayela besiteleka babulala izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngonyaka.
I-Mechanism Behind Deer Whistles
Umqondo oyisisekelo ngemuva kwemisindo yomswakama ukuthi ukukhipha imisindo ye-ultrasonic ebizwa ngokuthi isilwane esilulekayo engozini esondelayo bese esabisa. Umsindo uvame ukukhiqizwa yomoya ohamba ngekhanda, ngokuvamile egijimela phambili noma ophahleni lwemoto. Amakhoya omgogodla kagesi ayatholakala.
Abakhiqizi kanye nabagqugquzeli bezintambo zomswakama bathi izinyamazane nezinye izilwane zingase zizwe ama-ultrasonic frequencies akhiqizwa ngale ndlela, kodwa imisindo iphezulu kakhulu-imiswe ngabantu ukuze bazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile bathi izilwane zinezilwane ezizenzekelayo, ngakho-ke umsindo ophezulu, ophezulu ozwakalayo ovela ekhanda lomswakama uzobangela ukuba bayeke noma baphume.
Ngalesi sikhathi, bonke ubufakazi bokuthi imisebenzi yomshuwalense wezinyosi i-anecdotal, okusho ukuthi abantu abayisebenzisayo bavame ukusekela ngobuqotho ubuchwepheshe. Njengoba abantu abaningi abafaka imilomo yezinyamazane benza kanjalo ngemuva kokushayisana okumbi kakhulu ngezinambuzane, i-moose, noma esinye isilwane esikhulu-noma ngisho nezingozi eziningana-ukungabi khona kwezingozi ezengeziwe kubonakala njengobungqina bokuthi izinsimbi zomlingo zisebenza, futhi kunzima ukuphikisana isipiliyoni somuntu siqu.
Ngakho-ke Ingabe Ama-Whistles Asebenzayo Asebenza?
Ngenkathi ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi u-anecdotal uthi izinsimbi zomlolo zisebenza, kanti ezinye izinkampani zifaka ngisho nokushaya izingoma zezinambuzane kuzo zonke izimoto noma amaloli izikebhe zabo noma ziphikelela ukuthi abashayeli bazo bazifake emotweni yabo, ijaji lisaphuma.
Isibonelo, uma ngabe kukhona ubufakazi obunjalo bokuthi imilingo yomswakama isebenza nganoma yikuphi indlela ebonakalayo enganciphisa izingozi, futhi izimangalo zomshuwalense, ungase ulindele izinkampani zomshuwalense ukuthi zinikeze isaphulelo noma zinikeze imilingo yamahhala amahhala kubaphathi benqubomgomo. Nokho, okuphambene empeleni kuyiqiniso.
Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense, ezivame ukunikeza izaphulelo zezobuchwepheshe zokuphepha ezifana nama-airbags noma ama-alamu emoto, azikhuthazi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zomloli, futhi izinkampani eziningi ezinjengo-Allstate noGeico zincoma ngokumelene nokushaya imicu.
Enye inkinga enomthelela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imilingo yomswakama isebenza kanjani njengoba ikhangisiwe.
Izinkampani ezikhiqiza la madivaysi ngokuvamile zithi zikhiphe ama-ultrasonic frequencies abesabisa izinyamazane, eziyizilwane ezingokwemvelo. Lokhu kubonakala kungenangqondo, kodwa empeleni akusekelwe yibuphi ubufakazi obungokoqobo, obungenasidingo. Eqinisweni, ezinye izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuthi imilomo yezinyosi-noma okungenani imikhiqizo ethile ebhekwe emigqumeni-hhayi ngisho nokukhiqiza umsindo we-ultrasonic, ovame ukwamukelwa njengama frequ ngaphezu kuka-20 kHz owela ngaphandle kokuzwa kwabantu.
Akuzona zonke izikhwelo zomshoshaphansi ezithi zizokwenza umsindo we-ultrasonic, ngakho-ke lokhu kukhishwa akuyona inkinga yeqiniso ekukhangiseni. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izingoma ezahlukene zezintambo zakha amafrikhthi ahlukene, ngezikhwepha ezahlukene, ngokusekelwe ekuklanyeni. Abanye benza imisindo yokuthi inyamazane iyakwazi ukuzwa, ngakho umbuzo wukuthi lezo zomsindo empeleni ziyasebenza ekuvikeleni izilwane ukuba zingena emgwaqweni.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izingoma zezinyosi aziphumelelanga, kanti ubufakazi bokuthi u-anecdotal uthi. Kodwa-ke, la madivaysi aphansi kakhulu, alula ukufaka, futhi ukusebenzisa amacilongo ezinyamazane akunakwenzeka ukulimaza noma ngabe awusebenzi njengamanje.
Ubufakazi bokuthi ama-Whistles ama-Deer awasebenzi
Ngenkathi kungekho zifundo ezibonisa umsebenzi wezintambo zezintambo, lokho akusho ukuthi akuzange kube khona izifundo kulolu daba. Ama-ejensi amaningi kahulumeni, amanyuvesi kanye nezinkampani zomshuwalense ziye zahlola futhi zihlolwe izinsimbi zomloli, futhi bonke bavumelana ngamaphuzu ambalwa.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, idatha yesayensi etholakalayo emacinini enyamazane ephazamisa kakhulu ekuqondiseni ukuthi akukho ukuhluka okubalulekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinyamazane ngaphandle kwezingcingo uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezinamasondo ezifakiwe .
Enye iphuzu eliphakanyiswa yizinhlobonhlobo zezimpondo zomshuwalense wukuthi akucaci ukuthi ngabe inyamazane ingakwazi yini ukuzwa ama-ultrasonic sound frequencies okumele uwasebenzise ukuze abesabe. Ngenkathi inyamazane ingazwa amazinga aphezulu kunabantu, izifundo zibonise ukuthi uhla lwezintandokazi eziphiwa yizinyamazane ezingezansi kwezingxenyana ezivela ngamakhanda angamazinyo.
Isibonelo, isifundo esisodwa eshicilelwe yi- Acoustical Society of America sathola ukuthi izingoma zomphefumulo ophelile zikhiqiza ama-frequency angama-3.3 kHz, kanti izinsimbi zomlomo ezivulekile ziveza ama-frequency angama-12 kHz ahluka kakhulu ngokususelwa ekucindezelweni komoya, kokubili kokuwa we-20 kHz uphawu evame ukuhambisana nomsindo we-ultrasonic.
Nakuba i-3.3 kHz ingena ngaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu lokuzwa, kanti i-12 kHz ingaphakathi kwezinga lokukhala kwezwi elikwazi ukulizwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle, isifundo sathola nokuthi amandla amashaya omloli awakhipha la mazwi "alahlekile ngokuphelele" umsindo omgwaqo omncane owenziwe imoto ejwayelekile noma iloli.
Ubufakazi balokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngenkathi izingoma zemilingo ezivaliwe ezivaliwe zakha umsindo we-3.3 kHz, ophakathi kwezinga lokuzwa kwabantu, izifundo zabantu azikwazanga ukuhlukanisa umsindo wemphala yomsindo womgwaqo jikelele.
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi inyamazane ingaba ngcono ekuboneni imisindo kulezo zikhathi, yonke idatha ekhona ayibonisi umehluko wezibalo ekusebenziseni kwezinyamazane emacilini ezintandokazi ngokumelene nezimoto ezingenayo ikhwelo lezintambo. Njengoba i-deer ibonakala ngokuzwakalayo kumsindo womgwaqo jikelele, kungenzeka ukuthi izwa imishulo, kodwa ekugcineni ikhula njengoba isetshenziselwa imisindo ephakeme yemvamisa njengoba ikhona eminye imisindo yomgwaqo.
Ukugwema ukuhlangana kwama-Deer Ngaphandle kwama-Deer Whistles
Ngokudla okunengi nokudliwayo eduze nomgwaqo unyaka ngamunye, kanye nabashayeli abaningi abanelayisense emgwaqweni kunanini ngaphambili, ukushayisana okuphazamisayo phakathi kwezilwane nezimoto cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba uhambe. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokunciphisa izinkinga zokushaya inyamazane, ngisho nangemifemfucu yezinyosi.
Ukuzivikela, ukushayela ngokucophelela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukushaya isilwane noma esinye isilwane nokugcina iso elindile noma nini lapho ufaka isibonakaliso sokudlula izinambuzane nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba inyamazane ihamba ngezigaba, ukubona isilwane esisodwa eceleni komgwaqo futhi kwandisa amathuba okubona okuningi, ngakho ukwehlisa isimo esimweni esinjalo kuyisilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuvimbela.
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe bokuphepha emotweni ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ithuba lokushaya inyamazane, okungenzeka ukuthi yenzeke emahoreni phakathi kokusa nokusa. Ukusebenzisa izigxobo eziphezulu lapho kufanele khona ukusiza ukukhomba izilwane emgwaqweni ngesikhathi sokumisa, futhi izibani zokubhebhetheka kalula ziwusizo ezimweni lapho isilwane singase sibheke ngaphesheya kwekhoneni, lapho izibani ezivamile zingakhanyisa khona ngaphandle komgwaqo.
Izindlela zokugwema ukuqoqa izimpawu zingaphawula nokuvimbela, kuze kufike kuhlanganise nezinyamazane, futhi unikeze isixwayiso, ukufaka ama-brake akho ngaphambili, noma ngisho nokuyeka imoto ngokushesha ukushaya isilwane.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inyamazane iqhuma phambi kwezimoto zakho, kubalulekile ukuphuka ngenkathi uhlala endleleni yakho. Nakuba ukugibela kungakuvumela ukuba ugweme inyamazane, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubeka wena, abagibeli bakho, nabanye abashayeli engozini enkulu. Ukungena emgwaqeni ozayo ngokuvamile kungabangela ukushayisana kwekhanda nomunye imoto, futhi izingozi eziningi ze-rollover zenzeka lapho imoto noma iloli libalekela emgwaqweni.
Ezinye ukushayisana akunakwenzeka ukugwema, ngekhanda noma ngaphandle kwezintambo. Kodwa ngokushayisana kwezinambuzane okuholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwengu-150 ngonyaka, kuhlanganise nesidumbu esisodwa esiyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezigidi kanye nemali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine ekulimaleni kwempahla, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zokuziphatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kungenza umehluko omkhulu.