Izindlela zokugwema ukushayela izimoto zisebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso esiqondisayo ukuthi ngisho noma ukushayisana okuzayo kungenakugwenywa, izinyathelo zokulungisa ezifanele zinganciphisa ubukhulu bengozi. Ngokunciphisa ubunzima bengozi, noma yikuphi ukulimala kwempahla nokulimala noma ukulahlekelwa kwempilo kufana nokunciphisa. Ukuze ufeze lokhu, izinhlelo zokugwema ukuhlukumezeka zisebenzisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ezikwazi ukuthola izivimbelo ezingenakuvinjelwa phambi kwezimoto ezihambayo. Kuye ngohlelo oluthile, uma ngabe kungenzeka ukukhipha isixwayiso kumshayeli noma uthathe noma iyiphi inombolo yezenzo eziqondile, zokulungisa.
Kungani Imikhakha Yokugwema Ukuhamba Kwezimoto Isungulwe?
Ama-ejensi kahulumeni afana ne-NHTSA ne-European Commission, ngaphezu kwezinhlangano zeqembu lesithathu, aqhuba izifundo ezivamile mayelana nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuphepha. Kwezinye izimo, kuvela ubufakazi obunamandla obukhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buyasindisa izimpilo. Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela ayifinyeleleki kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokugwema ukuqhuma babenze kahle izifundo ezilawulwayo, futhi ucwaningo lwe-IIHS luholele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abathile bokuqala bungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ukushayisana kokugcina.
Izifundo e-European Union ziye zafinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo, futhi izimvume zokugwema ukushayela izimoto zanikezwa yi-European Commission ngo-2011. Leso sinqumo sakha isikhathi esinqunyiwe sika-2013 sokuba zonke izimoto ezintsha zentengiselwano zifakwe ohlelweni lwe-braking othomathikhi , nakuba ama-automakers anikezwa kuze kube ngu-2015 ukufaka ubuchwepheshe emotweni yezimoto. Ngalokho engqondweni, yonke i-OEM enkulu inezinhlelo zayo zobuchwepheshe bokugwema ukushayisana, ezitholakala kokubili kwe-EU nezinye izimakethe.
Ukusebenza Kokugwema Ukusebenza Kokusebenza Kanjani?
Imishini eminingi yokugwema ukushayisana imoto ithola ubuchwepheshe obukhona. Njengoba lezi zinhlelo zidinga izinzwa ezibhekene nazo ngaphambili, zivame ukudonsa idatha kusuka ezinyangeni ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa uhlelo lokulawula i-cruise cruise system. Kuye ngohlelo oluthile, lezo zinzwa zingasebenzisa i-radar, i-lasers, noma amanye amasu ukudweba isikhala sangaphakathi phambi kwemoto.
Uma ithola idatha evela ezinhlokweni ezibheke phambili, isimiso sokugwema ukuqhuma senza izibalo ukucacisa ukuthi zikhona yini izivimbelo ezikhona ezikhona. Uma umehluko wejubane phakathi kwemoto nanoma iyiphi into phambi kwayo inkulu kakhulu, khona-ke uhlelo lungase lukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi embalwa ehlukene. Izindlela ezilula zokugwema ukushayisana zizokhipha isixwayiso kuleli phuzu, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile kuzohlinzeka umshayeli ngesixwayiso esiphezulu esanele sokushaya ama-brakes noma ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.
Kwezinye izimo, uhlelo lokugwema ukugoqa lungaphinde lukhokhise ama-brake ngokubambisana ne- freaking othomathikhi noma uhlelo losizo lokuphuthumayo oluphuthumayo . Lokho kunganikeza umshayeli amandla amaningi okugwedla ngesikhathi esicindezelayo, okungase kuphumelele ukunciphisa ubukhulu bengozi.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokugwema ukushayela izimoto nazo zikwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqondile, zokulungisa. Uma enye yalezi zindlela inquma ukuthi ukushayisana kuyiseduze, kungaba khona ngempela ukubandakanya amabhuleki kunokuba nje ukuwashaja. Ezinye izinhlelo, njenge- ABS nokulawula ukuzinza kwe-elekthronikhi , zingase zikhawule ukuze kugcinwe imoto ekukhuleni, engasiza umshayeli ukuba alondoloze ukulawula imoto.
Ngaphezu kokusuka kwe-othomathikhi, ezinye zokugwema ukushayisana nezinhlelo zangaphambili zingahlanganisa:
- othomathikhi obhande besikhumba abacindezeli
- izibonisi zekhanda-up
- umbono ebusuku
- izibuko eziguquguqukayo
Ngubani ohlinzeka nge-Automobile Collision Avoidance Systems
Ngenxa yobufakazi obuqinekayo bokusebenza kwezimoto zokugwema ukushayisana kwezimoto, kanye nezigunyazo ezivela e-European Commission, zonke izikhulu ze-OEM zithatha isinyathelo esimweni sokugwema ukushayisana. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile azitholakali kuwo wonke ama-model, futhi amanye ama-automakers anikezela kuphela izinhlelo zokugwema ukushayisana njenge-braking othomathikhi kwizimoto zabo ze-flagship noma izintandokazi zokunethezeka.