Isandulela sokuqala esikhwameni sesikhathi samanje sakhiwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1800, kodwa izimoto zokuqala azikho uhlobo lokuvimbela ukuphepha. Eqinisweni, amabhande asezikhundleni awazange abe yizixhobo ezijwayelekile kunoma yiziphi izimoto noma amaloli nhlobo kuze kube phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Amakhanti asekuqaleni ayehlinzekwa njengabanye abakhiqizi kusukela ngo-1949, kanti uSaab wethula umkhuba wokubafaka imishini ejwayelekile ngo-1958.
Umthetho ubulokhu ungenye yezindlela zokushayela ezitholakala ekutholeni izici zokuphepha emotweni njengezibhande zokuhlala, kanti ohulumeni abaningi banemithetho echaza ukuthi amabhande amaningi imoto idinga ukufaka ngaphezu kwezimpawu amabhande adingeka ukuhlangabezana nazo.
Izinhlobo zeBet Belts
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zamabhande esikhwameni asetshenziselwe izimoto namaloli kuyo yonke iminyaka, nakuba ezinye zazo ziye zaqedwa.
- ithanga
- sash
- amaphuzu amabili
- amaphuzu amathathu
Amabhande amabili aphethe amaphuzu amabili okuxhumana phakathi kwebhande nesihlalo noma umzimba wemoto. I-Lap ne-sash amabhande yizibonelo zombili zalolu hlobo. Iningi lamabhande asezikhungweni zokuqala ezinikezwa njengemishini yokuzikhethela noma ejwayelekile emotweni kanye namaloli kwakuyizikhwama zezintambo, ezenzelwe ukuqinisa ngokuqondile emgqeni womshayeli noma umgibeli. Amabhande e-Sash afana, kepha awela e-diagonally phezu kwesifuba. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ngoba kungenzeka ukugoba ngaphansi kwebhande le-sash ngengozi.
Amabhande amaningi anamuhla anama-design, ahamba esihlalweni noma emzimbeni wemoto ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlukene. Lezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa kokubili ipeni ne-sash belt, enikeza ukubamba okuphephile nakakhulu ngesikhathi kuphahlazeka.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela
Amabhande okuqala wokugcina amadivayisi ayelula kakhulu. Ingxenye ngayinye yebhande yayiboshwe emzimbeni wemoto, futhi beyomane bekhululeke ngokukhululekile uma bengabanjwa ndawonye. Ohlangothini olulodwa lwaluvele lube nesimo esithile, kanti enye ingase ibe nenqubo yokuqinisa. Lolu hlobo lwesibhande sokuhlala lusetshenziselwa kakhulu ezindizeni, nakuba luye lwasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezimoto namaloli.
Ukuze amabhande asekuqaleni asebenze kahle, kwakudingeka aqiniswe ngemuva kokuba aphulwe. Lokho kwakungeke kube mnandi, futhi kunganciphisa ukuhamba komuntu. Ukuze ulandele lokho, ama-retractors wokukhiya ayeklanyelwe. Lobuchwepheshe obubhekene nesibhande ngokuvamile usebentisa isitsha esine-static kanye nebhande elide, elibuyiselwayo elixhuma kulo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa okujwayelekile, i-retractor ivumela kancane ukunyakaza. Noma kunjalo, iyakwazi ukukhiya ngokushesha lapho kwenzeka ingozi.
Amapulangwe ase-Early Seat belt asebenzisa izinsimbi ze-centrifugal ukuze zikhishwe ibhande futhi zikhiphe endaweni engozini. I-clutch ivuselelwa noma nini lapho ibhande likhishwa ngokushesha kakhulu, elingabonwa ngokumane nje libheke kulo. Lokhu ngokuphumelelayo kuvumela i-modicum yenduduzo ngenkathi ihlinzeka ukuvikelwa kwesibhande sokuhlala.
Izimoto zanamuhla zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokuhlinzeka kokubili induduzo nokuphepha, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa kanye nama-webclamps.
Izithiyo Zokunciphisa
Amakhanti amaningi okuhlala angumqulu, okusho ukuthi umshayeli kanye nomgibeli ngamunye unelungelo lokuzikhandla noma cha. Ukuze kususwe leso sici sokuzikhethela, abanye ohulumeni baye badlulisela umthetho wokuvimbela umthetho noma izigunyazo. E-United States, uNobhala Wezokuthutha wanikeza igunya ngo-1977 okudinga ukuba zonke izimoto zabagibeli zibe nehlobo oluthile lokuvimbela ngo-1983.
Namuhla, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuzithiba okungukuthi luyi- airbag , futhi umthetho udinga izimoto ezithengiswa e-United States nakwezinye izindawo ukuba zibe noyedwa noma eziningi zazo. Kodwa-ke, amabhande esihlalo esizimele ayeyinto ethandwa kakhulu, engezansi e-1980.
Ezinye izibhande zokuhlala ezizenzekelayo ziqhutshwa ngesikhatsi ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba abaningi babexhunyiwe emnyango. Lokhu kwavumela umshayeli noma umgibeli ukuba alayishe endaweni ngaphansi kwebhande, okwakuyosebenza "ngokuqinile" lapho umnyango uvaliwe.
Ngesikhathi izibhande zokuhlala ezizenzekelayo zingabizi futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa kunezindiza ze-airbags, zanikeza izimo ezimbalwa. Izimoto ezinezikhwama zamapulangwe kanye namabhande ezinsimbi ezizenzekelayo zifaka izingozi ezifanayo njengezimoto ezisetshenziswa kuphela amabhande e-sash, ngoba abanikazi bangakhetha ukungahambisani namabhande amabhande. Kwezinye izimo, abashayeli kanye nabagibeli nabo babe nokukhetha ukuphazamisa ibhande elizenzekelayo, okwakuvame ukubonakala njengokucasula.
Lapho ama-airbags eba imishini ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha zokugibela kanye namaloli, amabhande okuhlala othomathikhi ahluleka ngokuphelele.