Mayelana ne-CIDR Notation namakheli e-IP
I-CIDR isichazamazwi se-Classless Inter-Domain Routing. I-CIDR yasungulwa ngawo-1990 njengesiko elijwayelekile lokuhambisa ithrekhi yenethiwekhi yonkana kwi-intanethi.
Kungani usebenzisa i-CIDR?
Ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwetheknoloji ye-CIDR, ama-routers e-intanethi agcine ithrekhi yenethiwekhi esekelwe ekilasini lamakheli e-IP . Kulesi simiso, ukubaluleka kwekheli le-IP kunquma i-subnetwork yayo ngezinjongo zokuhamba.
I-CIDR iyindlela ehlukile kwi- subnetting yendabuko ye- IP . Ihlela amakheli e-IP ibe yi-subnetworks ezizimele ngokubaluleka kwamakheli ngokwabo. I-CIDR yaziwa nangokuthi i-supernetting, njengoba ivumela ngokuzenzakalelayo ama- subnets amaningi ukuba aqoqwe ndawonye ukuze kusetshenziswe inethiwekhi.
I-CIDR Notation
I-CIDR icacisa ububanzi bekheli le-IP besebenzisa inhlanganisela yekheli le-IP kanye nomaski walo wenethiwekhi ehambisanayo. Ukuqokwa kwe-CIDR kusebenzisa ifomethi elandelayo:
- xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n
lapho n inomboro ye-(e-leftmost) '1' ebhakheni. Ngokwesibonelo:
- 192.168.12.0/23
isebenza mask network 255.255.254.0 kwinethiwekhi 192.168, kusukela ngo-192.168.12.0. Le notation ibonisa ububanzi bekheli 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezinkambiso zendabuko, 192.168.12.0/23 imelela ukuhlanganiswa kwezigcawu ezimbili ze-Class C 192.168.12.0 no-192.168.13.0 ngamunye onomaski we-subnet of 255.255.255.0. Ngamanye amazwi:
- 192.168.12.0/23 = 192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24
Ukwengeza, i-CIDR isekela ikheli le-intanethi yesabelo kanye nomzila womlayezo ozimele weklasi yendabuko ebangeni elinikeziwe lekheli le-IP. Ngokwesibonelo:
- 10.4.12.0/22
imelela ububanzi bekheli 10.4.12.0 - 10.4.15.255 (isisindo senethiwekhi 255.255.252.0). Lokhu kunikezela okulinganayo namanethiwekhi amane e-Class C ngaphakathi kwesikhala se-Class A enkulu kakhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi uzobona isaziso se-CIDR esetshenziselwa ngisho namanethiwekhi angewona ama-CIDR. Ku-subnetting engekho ye-CIDR ye-IP, noma kunjalo, inani le-n likhawulelwe ku-8 (i-Class A), 16 (i-Class B) noma i-24 (iClassi C). Izibonelo:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/16
- 192.168.3.0/24
Indlela i-CIDR isebenza ngayo
Ukusetjenziswa kwe-CIDR kudinga ukwesekwa okunye okumele kuhlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwemitlolo yezinhlelo zenethiwekhi. Uma kuqala uqaliswa kwi-intanethi, izivumelwano zomzila eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) kanye ne-OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) zibuyekezwe ukuze zisekele i-CIDR. Izitatimende ezingasetshenzisiwe noma ezingathandwa kakhulu zokuhambisa imizila zingase zingasekeli i-CIDR.
I-aggregation ye-CIDR idinga ukuthi izingxenye zenethiwekhi zihileleke ukuze zithandane-ezinombalwa eduze-esikhaleni sekheli. I-CIDR ayikwazi, isibonelo, isamba esingu-192.168.12.0 no-192.168.15.0 emgwaqweni owodwa ngaphandle kokuthi izigaba zamakheli eziphakathi kuka -13 no-.14 zifakiwe.
I- WAN ye- intanethi noma i-backbone routers-lezo eziphatha ithrafikhi phakathi kwabanikezeli bezinsizakalo ze-intanethi- ngokuvamile zixhasa i-CIDR ukuze ifinyelele umgomo wokulondoloza isikhala sekheli le-IP. Ama-routers abasebenzisi abavamile ngokuvamile awasekeli i-CIDR, ngakho-ke amanethiwekhi angasese afaka amanethiwekhi wekhaya ngisho namanethiwekhi omphakathi amancane ( ama-LAN ) ngokuvamile awawaqashi.
I-CIDR ne-IPv6
I-IPv6 isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhamba nge-CIDR kanye nokwaziswa kwe-CIDR ngendlela efanayo ne-IPv4. I-IPv6 yenzelwe ukukhuluma ngokungafundi lutho ngokugcwele.