I-Subnet Masks ne-Subnetting
I-subnet ivumela ukugeleza komgwaqo wenethiwekhi phakathi kwama-Host hosts okuzohlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kokucushwa kwenethiwekhi. Ngokuhlela ama-Amanethi abe ngamaqembu anengqondo, i-subnetting ingathuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi nokusebenza.
I-Subnet Mask
Mhlawumbe into ehlonishwa kakhulu ye-subnetting yi- mask subnet . Njengamakheli e- IP , imaski ye-subnet iqukethe ama-bytes amane (ama-32 bits) futhi ivame ukubhalwa usebenzisa "inothi elifanayo" elichaziwe ngamadayimali.
Isibonelo, i-subnet mask ejwayelekile kakhulu ekumelelweni kwayo kanambambili :
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Ingabe ngokuvamile iboniswa ngendlela elinganayo, ifomu elifundeka kakhulu:
- 255.255.255.0
Ukusebenzisa i-Mask Subnet
I-mask ye-subnet ayisebenzisi njengekheli le-IP futhi alikho ngokuzimela. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-subnet masks ahamba nekheli le-IP futhi amanani amabili asebenza ndawonye. Ukusebenzisa i- mask mask ekhelini le-IP lihlukanisa ikheli libe izingxenye ezimbili, ikheli lenethiwekhi elandisiwe nekheli le -host.
Ukuze imaski ye-subnet isebenze, izingcezu zayo ezisekhohlo kufanele zihlelwe ku- '1'. Ngokwesibonelo:
- 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Ingabe i-subnet imaski engavumelekile ngoba ibanga elingakwesokunxele lisethelwe ku- '0'.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingqikithi ezihamba phambili ku-mask subnet evumelekile kufanele zihlelwe ku- '0', hhayi '1'. Ngakho-ke:
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
Akuvumelekile.
Zonke izigcawu ezisebusweni ze-subnet ziqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ohlangothini lwesobunxele nawo wonke ama-mask bits asethwe ku-'1 '(ingxenye enwetshiwe yenethiwekhi) futhi ohlangothini olungakwesokudla nazo zonke izingcezu ezibekwe ku-'0' (ingxenye yesabelo), njengesibonelo sokuqala ngaphezulu .
I-subnetting ku-Practice
I-subnetting isebenza ngokusebenzisa umqondo wamakheli enethiwekhi anwetshiwe kumakhompuyutha ngamunye (kanye namanye amakheli wenethiwekhi) amakheli. Ikheli lenethiwekhi elandisiwe lihlanganisa kokubili ikheli lenethiwekhi kanye namabhukithi angeziwe amela inombolo ye-subnet . Ngokubambisana, lezi zici ezimbili zedatha zisekela uhlelo lokubhekana nezinga elibili eliqashelwa ukuqaliswa okujwayelekile kwe-IP.
Ikheli lenethiwekhi kanye nenombolo ye-subnet, uma ihlanganiswe nekheli le-host , ngakho-ke lisekela uhlelo lwezinga eliphezulu.
Cabangela isibonelo esilandelayo sezwe langempela. Amapulani amabhizinisi amancane ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-192.168.1.0 yezinsizakalo zangaphakathi ( intranet ). Umnyango wesintu ufuna ukuthi amakhompiyutha abo abe yingxenye ethile yale nethiwekhi ngoba agcina ulwazi lokukhokha kanye nolunye ulwazi olusebenzayo. Kodwa ngoba lokhu kuyinkinethi yeClass C, i-mask subnet okuzenzakalelayo ye-255.255.255.0 ivumela wonke amakhompyutha enethiwekhi ukuba abe ontanga (ukuthumela imiyalezo ngqo komunye nomunye) ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Izinkinobho zokuqala ezine ze-192.168.1.0 -
1100
Beka le nethiwekhi kuluhlu lwe-Class C futhi ulungise ubude bekheli lenethiwekhi kuma-bits angu-24. Ukuze uthumele le nethiwekhi, ama-bits angaphezulu kuka-24 kufanele ahlelwe ku- '1' ngakwesobunxele be-subnet mask. Isibonelo, i-mask 25-bit 255.255.255.128 idala inethiwekhi ezimbili-subnet njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 1.
Ngolunye uhlangothi olwengeziwe olubekwe ku- '1' kumaski, enye ibanga itholakale kwinombolo ye-subnet ukuze ubhale izintambo ezengeziwe. Inombolo emibili ye-subnet ingakwazi ukusekela kuze kube ngaphansi kwezingqimba ezine, inamba yezinyathelo ezintathu isekela ngaphansi kwezintambo eziyisishiyagalombili, njalonjalo.
Amanethiwekhi Ezimele Nezikhonkwane
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sifundo, izindikimba ezibusayo ezilawula i-Internet Protocol ziye zagcina amanethiwekhi athile okusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi.
Ngokuvamile, ama-intranethi asebenzisa la manethiwekhi athola ukulawula okungaphezulu kokuphatha ukulungiswa kwe-IP nokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. Bheka i-RFC 1918 ngeminye imininingwane mayelana nalezi zinethiwekhi ezikhethekile.
Isifingqo
I-Subnetting ivumela abaphathi benethiwekhi ukuthi babe nokuguquguquka ekuchazeni ubudlelwane phakathi kwezakhamuzi zenethiwekhi. Amahostela kuma-subnets ahlukene angakwazi ukukhulumisana kuphela ngamadivaysi akhethekile wesango lenethiwekhi njengama- routers . Ikhono lokuhlunga ithrafikhi phakathi kwama-subnet kungenza ukudonsa ngaphezulu kwe-bandwidth kuyatholakala kumahlelo lokusebenza futhi kunganciphisa ukufinyelela kuzo izindlela ezifiselekayo.