Umhlahlandlela wabaqalayo ku-Linux

by UGary Newell

Isingeniso

Njengomuntu ocabanga ukuthi usebenzisa iLinux okokuqala kukhona okunye okudingeka ukwazi. Le mhlahlandlela inikeza izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezibalulekile ezizokusiza ukuthi uqalise.

Uzofunda ukuthi yiliphi i-Linux, kungani kufanele uyisebenzise, yikuphi ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux, ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani, kanjani ukusebenzisa i-terminal, indlela yokusetha i-hardware namanye amakhono amaningi ayisihluthulelo.

Chofoza kusihloko sento ngayinye ukubuka into egcwele.

01 ngo-15

Kuyini i-Linux

I-Fedora Linux.

I-Linux iyisistimu yokusebenza esetshenziselwa ukulawula inqwaba yezinhlelo ezivela kuma-light bulb kuya kwizibhamu, i-laptops ezikhungweni ezinkulu zekhompyutha.

I-Linux inamandla konke kusuka efonini yakho kuya kufrijini yakho ehlakaniphile.

Kukhompyutha yekhompyutha i-Linux inikeza okunye okunye kumahlelo wokusebenza okuhweba njenge-Windows. Okuningi "

02 ngo-15

Kungani usebenzise i-Linux ngaphezu kweWindows?

Ideskithophu ephelele ye-Linux.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ungasebenzisa i-Linux phezu kweWindows futhi lapha kukhona ezimbalwa zazo.

I-Linux isekelwa kumakhompyutha amadala. Nakuba i-Windows XP izoqhubeka isebenza kuma-hardware asekudala ayisasekelwa, ngakho-ke azikho izibuyekezo zokuphepha. Kukhona inani lezabelo ze-Linux ezidalwe ngqo kwi-hardware endala futhi zigcinwa futhi zibuyekezwa njalo.
Ezinye izindawo zokusabalalisa ne-desktop ze-Linux manje sezijwayele abasebenzisi bekhompuyutha bendabuko kune-Windows 8 no-Windows 10. Uma uthanda ukubukeka kwe-Windows 7 futhi uzizwe ungazami ukuzama iLinux Mint.
Isayizi lokulayisha le-Windows 10 likhulu. Ukusabalalisa okuvamile kwe-Linux kungena ku-gigabyte engaphezu kwe-1 noma ungathola okunye okungamakhulu ama-megabyte ambalwa. I-Windows idinga okungenani i-DVD yokufaneleka kwe-bandwidth.
Imikhumbi ye-Linux mahhala ukusebenzisa isofthiwe futhi ungashintsha futhi usebenzise leso software njengoba uthanda.
I-Linux isilokhu ivikelekile kakhulu kuno-Windows futhi kunezinkinga ezimbalwa ze-Linux, nakuba i-intanethi yezinto ihloselwe maduzane.
I-Linux yenza kangcono kunama-Windows ngezindlela eziningi futhi ungacindezela okuningi ekudonsweni kokugcina kwezinsiza zehadiwe elidala nelingavinjelwe
Ubumfihlo. I-Windows ivame ukushayela ekhaya ngeqoqo idatha eqoqwe ngeCortana futhi isesha ngokujwayelekile. Noma ngabe into entsha futhi ngokucacile i-Google yenza into efanayo ungaqiniseka ukuthi i-Linux ayikwenzi okufanayo uma ukhetha ukusabalalisa komphakathi mahhala.
Ukuthembeka. Uma uhlelo luxhomeke ku-Linux ungalibulala kalula. Uma uhlelo luxhomeke ku-Windows ngisho nalapho uzama futhi ugijima imenenja yomsebenzi ukuyibulala uhlelo olukhubazayo aluvumeli ukuhamba njalo.
Izibuyekezo. I-Windows inomthelela kakhulu ngenqubomgomo yayo yokubuyekeza. Uphindise kaningi kangakanani ikhompyutheni ukuphrinta amathikithi amakhonsathi noma olunye ulwazi olubalulekile ukubona amagama efaka ukubuyekeza 1 ku-450?
Izinhlobonhlobo. Ungenza ukubukeka kwe-Linux, uzizwe futhi uziphathe ngendlela oyifunayo ngayo. Nge-Windows, ikhompyutha iziphatha ngendlela efanayo ne-Microsoft ecabanga ukuthi uyayifuna.

Uma ungakacacisi hlola lo mhlahlandlela okukusiza ukuba unqume ukuthi i-Linux ikulungele yini. Okuningi "

03 ka-15

Yikuphi Ukusabalalisa Kwe-Linux Okufanele Uyisebenzise?

I-OS Elementary.

Umbuzo wokuqala uzoba "Kuyini ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux?". Ngokumane nje i-kernel ye-Linux injengenjini. Ukusatshalaliswa imoto yangempela eyenza injini.

Ngakho yikuphi ukusabalalisa okumelwe ukhethe? Ngincoma ukuchofoza isixhumanisi sokwaziswa okugcwele kodwa ngokufingqa:

I-Linux Mint - Idinga ubuchwepheshe obuncane bekhompuyutha, kulula ukuyifaka, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inedeskithophu ejwayelekile ebonakalayo yabasebenzisi be-Windows 7
I-Debian - Kulabo abafuna ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux mahhala okungenawo abashayeli be-proprietary, firmware noma isofthiwe ye-Debian manje. Umkhulu weLinux
Ubuntu - Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux yanamuhla okulula ukuyifaka futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa
vulaSUSE - Ukusatshalaliswa okuqinile nokunamandla kwe-Linux. Akunakulula ukufaka njenge-Mint no-Ubuntu kodwa nenye indlela enhle kakhulu
I-Fedora - Okusesikhathini samanje ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux nayo yonke imibono emisha efakwe esikhathini sokuqala esingenzeka
Mageia - Rose kusuka emlonyeni we-Mandriva Linux owayengumdala. Kulula ukuyifaka futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa
I-CentOS - Njengase-Fedora, i-CentOS isekelwe ekusakazeni kwe-Linux, i-Red Hat Linux. Ngokungafani ne-Fedora, yakhelwe ukuzinza
I-Manjaro - Ngokusekelwe ku-Arch Linux, i-Manjaro inikeza ibhalansi enkulu phakathi kokulula kokusebenzisa futhi kusesikhathini software
I-LXLE - Ngokusekelwe kokusabalalisa okulula okungabonakali kwe-Lubuntu lokhu kunikeza ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ngokugcwele kwe-hardware endala
I-Arch - Ukusatshalaliswa okukhishwayo okushicilela kusho ukuthi akudingeki ufake izinguqulo ezintsha zesistimu yokusebenza nganoma yisiphi isici ngoba sizibuyisa ngokwazo. Kunzima kakhulu kumsebenzisi omusha ukuthi ahlangane kodwa anamandla kakhulu
Elementary - Linux kubantu abathanda ukusebenzisana nesitayela se-Mac

Okuningi "

04 ka-15

Indlela Yokuqalisa Linux Kusuka I-DVD Noma I-USB

Ubuso beDeskithophu Bukhoma Ubuntu.

Isihloko asiyona isixhumanisi sale nto njengoba kunezixhumanisi eziningi eziza indlela yakho.

I-Linux ephilayo i-DVD noma i-USB ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-Linux ngaphandle kokuyifaka ku-hard drive yakho. Lokhu ngokuyisisekelo kukuvumela ukuba uhlole i-drive ye-Linux ngaphambi kokuya kuyo futhi ubuhle kumsebenzisi wesikhathi esisodwa.

05 ka-15

Indlela Yokufaka Linux

I-Fedora Faka - Ukucushwa.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ngayinye kufakwe kusetshenziswa isifaki esihlukile esiyinkqubo eyokuqondisa ngokusetha nokufaka i-Linux.

Uma umsebenzisi efakela i-Linux bangakwazi ukuyifaka eyedwa noma bangayifaka eceleni kweWindows.

Nazi ezinye iziqondiso zokufaka mahhala:

06 ka-15

Kuyini Indawo Yendawo Yesktop?

I-XFCE Desktop Ubuntu.

Ukusabalalisa okuvamile kwe-Linux kwakha izingxenye eziningi.

Kukhona imenenja yokubonisa esetshenziselwa ukukusiza ungene ngemvume, imenenja yefasitela esetshenziselwa ukuphatha kahle amawindi, iphaneli, amamenyu, ama-interfaces wedash kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemqoka.

Eziningi zalezi zinto zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze zenze lokho okuyaziwa njengendawo yedeskithophu.

Umkhumbi othile we-Linux wokusabalalisa onendawo eyodwa yedeskithophu (nakuba amanye atholakalayo kumafoldafthiwe we-software), kanti amanye anenguqulo ehlukene yokusatshalaliswa kwendawo ehlukahlukene yedeskithophu.

Indawo edeskithophu evamile ihlanganisa i-Cinnamon, i-GNOME, i-Unity, i-KDE, i-Light, i-XFCE, i-LXDE ne-MATE.

I-Cinnamon iyimvelo yendawo yedeskithophu yemvelo ebukeka sengathi i-Windows 7 enephaneli phansi, imenyu, izimpawu ze-system kanye nezithonjana zokuqalisa okusheshayo.

I-GNOME ne-Unity zifana ngokufanayo. Ziyizindawo zendawo yedeskithophu zanamuhla ezisebenzisa umqondo wezithonjana zokuqalisa nokubonisa isitayela sedeshibhodi ekukhethweni kwezicelo. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ezihlanganisa kahle netikimba jikelele yezemvelo yedeskithophu.

I-KDE isimo sedeskithophu esinesitayela esingokwejwayelekile yendabuko kodwa sinesibalo esikhulu sezinhlelo kanye nesethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihle kakhulu ngezifiso eziningi ngezilungiselelo eziningi.

Ukukhanyiswa, i-XFCE, i-LXDE, ne-MATE yizindawo eziphathekayo zedeskithophu nama-panels namamenyu. Zonke zizenzekelayo ngokwezifiso.

07 kwangu-15

Indlela yokwenza i-Linux Bheka Indlela Oyifunayo

Engeza i-Dock To Openbox.

Into enkulu ngeLinux yukuthi ungayenza ibonakale futhi izwe ngendlela oyifunayo ngayo.

Iziqondiso ezixhunyiwe ngezansi zizokubonisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhambisa izinto ezungeze ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zedeskithophu futhi wenze ngokwezifiso ideskithophu ukuthi ibe yindlela oyifunayo ngayo.

08 ka-15

Indlela yokusebenzisa ideskithophu ye-Linux

I-KDE Plasma Desktop.

Imvelo ngayinye ye-Linux yedeskithophu isebenza ngokuhlukile futhi ngakho ukumboza zonke izisekelo kuzothatha isikhathi esithile.

Kodwa nansi ezinye iziqondiso ezinhle zokukuqalisa:

09 ka-15

Ngingayithola Kanjani I-Intanethi?

Ukuxhuma Ku-Inthanethi Ukusebenzisa Ubuntu.

Nakuba ukuxhumeka kwi-intanethi kuhlukekele kwendawo ngayinye yedeskithophu, izikhulu ezifanayo ziyafana.

Kuzoba nesithonjana senethiwekhi kuphaneli kwenye indawo. Chofoza kusithonjana futhi kufanele ubone uhlu lwamanethiwekhi angenantambo.

Chofoza kunethiwekhi bese ufaka ukhiye wokuphepha.

Ukuqondiswa kwalento kuhambelana nomhlahlandlela obonisa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani usebenzisa i-Ubuntu Linux neDeskithophu Yobumbano futhi ubonisa nendlela yokuxhuma ngelayini lomyalo. Okuningi "

10 kwangu-15

Indawo engcono kakhulu yomsindo

Isidlali somsindo se-Quod Libet.

I-Linux yinkosi uma kuziwa kokudlala amafayela alalelwayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusebenza ezinkulu zomsindo futhi kuyinkinga yokukhetha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu oyithandayo.

Lo mhlahlandlela ubonisa amanye amathuluzi angcono alalelwayo we-Linux kufaka phakathi izinketho zokudlala nokukhipha iziteshi zomsakazo we-intanethi, abadlali bomculo, nabaphathi be-podcast.

Ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ophelele ngokwengeziwe kubadlali bomsindo hlola lezi ziqondiso:

11 kwangu-15

Indawo engcono kakhulu ye-imeyili

I-Evolution ye-imeyili iKlayenti.

Kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi akukho okufanayo kwe-Outlook ngaphakathi kwe-Linux. Ngempela?

Ucabanga ukuthi awujabuli ukusebenzisa into efana ne-interface ye-GMail ye-web ngezansi ezinye izixazululo ezinhle.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Thunderbird
I-KMail
I-Geary

Okuningi "

12 kwangu-15

Indawo engcono kakhulu yokuphequlula iWebhu

I-Best Linux Browsers Web.

I-Linux ineziphequluli ezingcono kakhulu ezitholakalayo ezifaka phakathi i-Chrome, i-Chromium, i-Firefox, ne-Midori.

Ayinayo i-Internet Explorer noma i-Edge kodwa yena owadinga. I-Chrome inakho konke ongayidinga kusiphequluli. Okuningi "

13 kwangu-15

Ingabe Kukhona Noma yikuphi Ihhovisi Elihle Lehhovisi Le-Linux?

MahhalaOffice.

Akungabazeki ukuthi iMicrosoft Office ngumkhiqizo oyinhloko futhi ithuluzi elihle kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuphinda uphinde uphumelele izinga lomkhiqizo othize.

Ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu kanye namabhizinisi amancane kuya naphakathi ungakwazi ukuphikisana ngokuthi i-Google Amadokhumenti ne-LibreOffice yizinye izindlela ezinhle futhi ngezingxenyana zezindleko.

I-LibreOffice iza neprosesa yegama neningi lezici ongayilindela kusuka kwiprosesa yegama. Ibuye ithuluzi le-spreadsheet elihle eliphinde lifakwe ngokugcwele futhi kufaka phakathi injini yokuhlela eyisisekelo nakuba ingahambisani ne-Excel VBA.

Amanye amathuluzi afaka phakathi amaphakheji, izibalo, i-database kanye nemidwebo yokudweba konke okuhle kakhulu. Okuningi "

14 kwangu-15

Indlela Yokufaka Isofthiwe Ukusebenzisa i-Linux

Umphathi wePhakheji ye Synaptic.

Abasebenzisi be-Linux abafaki isofthiwe ngendlela efanayo nabasebenzisi beWindows abakwenzayo nakuba umehluko uba kancane kancane.

Ngokuvamile, uma umsebenzisi we-Linux efuna ukufaka iphakethe asebenzisa ithuluzi elaziwa njengomphathi wephakheji.

Umphathi wephakheji ufinyelela izinqolobane ezigcina amaphakheji angafakwa.

Ithuluzi lokuphatha iphakheji ngokuvamile linikeza indlela yokucinga isofthiwe, faka isofthiwe, gcina isofthiwe isesikhathini futhi ususe isofthiwe.

Njengoba sithuthela esikhathini esizayo ukusabalalisa okuthile kwe-Linux kungenisa izinhlobo ezintsha zamaphakheji ezizithokozisa kakhulu njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android.

Ukusatshalaliswa ngalunye kunikeza ithuluzi layo elifanekisayo. Kukhona amathuluzi omugqa womyalo ovamile asetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa okuningi.

Isibonelo, Ubuntu, i-Linux Mint, ne-Debian bonke basebenzisa umphathi wephakheji yokuthola .

I-Fedora ne-CentOS basebenzisa umphathi wephakeji ye-yum .

I-arch ne-Manjaro zisebenzisa i- Pacman .

15 kwangu-15

I-Linux Command Line

Vula i-Terminal.

Kuningi okwenziwe ngabasebenzisi beLinux ukuthi basebenzise ukugcina okuvimbela ukuthi kuvelele phakathi kwabantu. Poppycock.

Yize kuyasiza ukufunda imilayezo eyisisekelo (okufanayo kungase kuthiwe ngokuqondile kumyalo we-DOS ku-Windows) akukho isidingo sokwenza kanjalo.

Into yokuqala okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi yiyo indlela yokuvula isiphetho futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokwenza kanjalo.

Kungani kuthiwa yi-terminal? Isibulali empeleni sisifinyelele ku-emulator esibulalayo futhi sibuyele emuva ngosuku lapho abantu bangena khona ekugcineni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Manje konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi ukuphela lapho ufaka khona imiyalo ye-Linux.

Uma usuvulekile ukuvula kufanele ufunde ngempela ukuthi ungayithola kanjani indlela yakho futhi lo mhlahlandlela ubonisa indlela.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukufunda ngezimvume. Lo mhlahlandlela ukhombisa ukuthi ungakha kanjani umsebenzisi bese uwafaka eqenjini . Nansi enye umhlahlandlela okhombisa ukuthi ungeza kanjani abasebenzisi, uqondise amaqembu futhi usethe izimvume .

Umyalo abasebenzisi abajwayele ukuwufunda ekuqaleni umyalo we-sudo kepha ungaqala ngokungaqondile ukufaka imiyalo usebenzisa i-sudo ngaphandle kokuqonda lokho okwenzayo ngoba konke kungaqeda inhlekelele. Ngenhlanhla lo mhlahlandlela ukutshela konke okudingayo ukwazi ngomyalo we-sudo .

Noma ngabe ukuphi, kufanele futhi uqonde ngokushintsha abasebenzisi usebenzisa umyalelo wokuba .

Ngokuyinhloko umyalo we-sudo kukuvumela ukuba ukhulise izimvume zakho ukuze ukwazi ukugijima umyalo owodwa njengomunye umsebenzisi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi omunye umsebenzisi ungumsebenzisi wezimpande.

Umyalo we-su ushintsha umongo wakho ukuze ugijime njengomsebenzisi ocacisiwe. Ungagijima uchungechunge lwemilayezo njengalowo msebenzisi.

Leli sayithi linezinhlamvu eziningi ezibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa umugqa womyalo futhi kufanelekile ukuhlola emuva njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi yini entsha. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinye izengezo zakamuva

Futhi ekugcineni kube mnandi:

Imiyalo engu-15 ezozamazama umhlaba wakho

Isifingqo

Kulo mhlahlandlela ngikubonise lokho i-Linux, kungani ungayisebenzisa, yikuphi ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux nendlela ongakhetha ngayo, indlela yokuzama i-Linux, indlela yokuyifaka, indlela yokulungisa i-Linux, indlela yokuhamba nge-Linux, isiqondiso kuya ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinhle, indlela yokufaka izicelo nokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani umugqa womyalo. Lokhu kufanele kukubeke ekuhambeni okuhle kokuqhubekela phambili.