Le mhlahlandlela ikukhombisa indlela yokuphatha amaqembu usebenzisa umyalo we-gpasswd. Ifayela ngalinye kanye nefolda ngaphakathi kwe-Linux zinezimvume zomsebenzisi, iqembu kanye nomnikazi. Ngokulawula ukuthi ubani okwazi ukufinyelela eqenjini ungalawula ukuthi kwenzekani kumafayili namafolda kusistimu yakho ngaphandle kokusetha izimvume zomsebenzisi ngamunye.
Ukuncane Okuncane Ngezimvume
Vula ukuphela futhi ngaphakathi kwifolda yakho yasekhaya bakha ifolda ebizwa ngokuthi ama-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalo we-mkdir kanje:
akhawunti ye-mkdirManje sebenzisa umyalo we-ls olandelayo ozokukhombisa izimvume zefolda osuvele wadala.
ls-kUzobona into enjengale:
drwxr-xr-x 2 lakho igama lakho igama lakho 4096 idethi akhawuntiAma-bits esiba nesithakazelo yiwona izimvume ezitholakala ngenhla "drwxr-xr-x". Siphinde sinesithakazelo kumagugu we- "yourname" amabili.
Masikhulume ngemvume kuqala. I "d" imele isiqondisi futhi isitshele ukuthi ama-akhawunti yi-directory.
Ezinye izimvume zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: "rwx", "rx", "rx". Ingxenye yokuqala yezinhlamvu ezingu-3 yizimvume umnikazi wento onayo. Isigaba sesibili sezinhlamvu ezingu-3 yizimvume ukuthi noma ubani ongoqenjini uye ekugcineni, isigaba sokugcina yizimvume wonke umuntu onakho.
I "r" imele "funda", i "w" imele "bhala" futhi "x" imele "yenza".
Ngakho-ke esibonelweni ngenhla umnikazi ufundile, bhala futhi enze izimvume zefolda yama-akhawunti kanti iqembu kanye nabanye abantu bafunde futhi bafeze izimvume.
Esikhathini, "igama lakho" lokuqala ngumnikazi wento futhi kwesibili "igama lakho" yiqembu eliyinhloko lefolda yama-akhawunti.
Ukuze wenze lo mhlahlandlela ube usizo kakhulu engeza ama-akhawunti athile ambalwa ohlelweni lwakho usebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo ye- adduser :
isitha se-sudo sam sudo adduser tomUzocelwa ukuba usethe iphasiwedi ngayinye yazo bese ufaka olunye ulwazi. Ungahamba nephasiwedi kuphela futhi ubuyekeze kuzo zonke izindawo.
Manje ukuthi unama-akhawunti amathathu ugijima umyalo olandelayo ukushintsha umnikazi wefolda ye-akhawunti yakho.
sudo chown tom akhawuntiManje sebenzisa umyalo we-ls futhi.
ls-kIzimvume manje zizoba kanje:
drwxr-xr-x tom igama lakhoUzokwazi ukungena kufolda ye-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalo we-cd kanje:
cd akhawuntiManje zama ukudala ifayela usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ukuhlolwa kokuthintaUzothola iphutha elilandelayo:
thinta: ayikwazi ukuthinta 'ukuhlolwa': Imvume inqatshiweIsizathu salokhu ukuthi uTom ungumnikazi futhi ufunde, ubhale futhi usebenzise izimvume kodwa uyingxenye yeqembu futhi unezimvume zeqembu kuphela.
Hamba emuva kufolda yekhaya futhi ushintshe izimvume zama-akhawunti ngokuthayipha imiyalo elandelayo:
cd .. sudo chmod 750 ama-akhawuntiManje sebenzisa umyalo we-ls futhi:
ls-kIzimvume zefolda yama-akhawunti manje zizoba kanje:
drwxr-x ---Lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikazi ugcwele, izimvume, abasebenzisi neqembu "igama lakho" uzofunda futhi enze izimvume futhi wonke umuntu ngeke abe nezimvume.
Izame. Hamba uye kufolda ye-akhawunti bese uqhuba umyalo wokuthinta futhi:
Ukuhlolwa kwe-cd akhawunti touchUsenayo izimvume zokuya kufolda kodwa awunazo izimvume zokudala amafayela. Uma ngabe ungumsebenzisi ojwayelekile awukwazi ngisho ukungena kwifolda yama-akhawunti.
Ukuzama lokhu kushintshela kumsebenzisi weThim uphinde uhambise kufolda yama-akhawunti kanje:
su - tim cd / home / yourname / akhawunti yakhoUzothola imvume evunyelwe iphutha.
Ngakho-ke kungani usebenzise izimvume zeqembu futhi ungabeki izimvume ngabanye bonke abasebenzisi? Uma unomnyango we-akhawunti okufanele wonke umuntu afinyelele amaspredishithi namadokhumenti kodwa akekho omunye umuntu enkampanini okufanele abeke esikhundleni sokubeka izimvume kubo bonke abantu kuma-akhawunti ongabeka izimvume kwifolda eqenjini elibizwa ngokuthi ama-akhawunti bese engeza abasebenzisi eqenjini.
Kungani lokhu kungcono kunokubeka izimvume zomsebenzisi ngabanye? Uma umsebenzisi eshiya umnyango ungakwazi nje ukuwasusa eqenjini ngokuphambene nokusebenzisa izimvume zabo ochungechungeni lamafolda.
Indlela Yakha Iqembu
Ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukudala iqembu:
ama-akhawunti we-sudo addgroupIndlela Yokufaka Umsebenzisi Kuqembu
sudo gpasswd-ama-akhawunti womsebenzisi we-akhawuntiUmyalo ongenhla ungasetshenziswa ukwengeza umsebenzisi oyedwa eqenjini lama-akhawunti.
Ukwengeza uhlu lwabasebenzisi njengamalungu weqembu ugijime umyalo olandelayo:
sudo gpassword-i-yourname, tom, ama-tim akhawuntiUma umsebenzisi engeziwe ku-akhawunti umsebenzisi anganezela iqembu ohlwini lwaso ngamaqembu aphansi ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
akhawunti entshaNoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ongewona iqembu uzocelwa ukuba afake iphasiwedi yeqembu.
Indlela Yokushintsha IQembu Eliyinhloko Yefolda
Manje ukuthi sinamaqembu anomsebenzisi ungabela lelo qembu kwifolda ye-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalo we-chgrp olandelayo:
akhawunti ye-sudo chgrp akhawuntiAma-akhawunti okuqala yigama leqembu futhi ama-akhawunti wesibili yigama lefolda.
Indlela Yokuhlola Uma Umsebenzisi Uvumelana Neqembu
Ungahlola ukuthi umsebenzisi ungowesigaba ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
amaqembuLokhu kuzobuyisa uhlu lwamacembu umsebenzisi angowakhe.
Indlela Yokushintsha Iphasiwedi Yeqembu
Ukushintsha iphasiwedi yeqembu ungagijima umyalo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswdUzocelwa ukuba ufake iphasiwedi yeqembu bese uliphinda.
Manje ungangeza abasebenzisi eqenjini ngendlela echazwe ngenhla noma umsebenzisi omusha angakwazi ukujoyina iqembu ngokumane asebenzise umyalo olandelayo futhi anikeze iphasiwedi efanele:
i-newgrpNgokusobala, awufuni ukunikeza iphasiwedi yeqembu kunoma ubani kungcono ukufaka umsebenzisi eqenjini wena.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Amaqembu Kuze Amalungu Aqondile
Uma ungafuni noma ubani owaziyo iphasiwedi ukujoyina iqembu ungagijima umyalo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswd -RSetha Umsebenzisi Njengomqondisi
Ungabeka abasebenzisi njengabalawuli beqembu. Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi angene futhi asuse abasebenzisi beqembu elithile futhi ashintshe iphasiwedi
Ukwenza lokhu sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswd -A-akhawunti yamathamboIndlela Yokukhipha Iphasiwedi Yeqembu
Ungasusa iphasiwedi kusuka eqenjini ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ama-sudo gpasswd -r ama-akhawuntiIndlela yokususa umsebenzisi kusuka eqenjini
Ukususa umsebenzisi kusuka eqenjini ugijime umyalo olandelayo:
sudo gpassword -d ama-tom we-akhawuntiIndlela Yokunikeza Iqembu Ukufunda, Ukubhala Nokufeza Izimvume Kufayela Noma Ifolda
Kuze kube manje abasebenzisi ngaphakathi kweqembu lama-akhawunti banokufinyelela kufolda yama-akhawunti kepha bangenza noma yini ngoba bafunde futhi benze izimvume kuphela.
Ukuze unikeze izimvume zombhalo eqenjini ongaqhuba umyalo olandelayo:
ama-sudo chmod g + w akhawuntiIsifingqo
Lo mhlahlandlela uqalise imiyalo embalwa ukukusiza ukusetha izimvume ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux. Ungasebenzisa futhi umyalo we-useradd ukusetha abasebenzisi nabasebenzisi beqembu.