Ngisebenzise i-Linux iminyaka engaba ngu-10 nokuthi yini engizokukukhombisa kulokhu okushiwo yiloluhlu lwemiyalo ye-Linux, amathuluzi, amaqhinga amancane futhi ahlakaniphile nemiyalo engifisayo sengathi ngifisa sengathi othile ungibonise kusukela ekuqaleni kunokukhubeka phezu kwabo njengoba ngangihamba.
01 ngo-15
Amashothikhathibhodi wekhibhodi ewusizo
Izinqamuleli ezilandelayo zekhibhodi zisebenziseka kakhulu futhi zizokulondoloza isikhathi esiningi:
- I-CTRL + U - Yenza umbhalo kuze kube yilapho isikhombisi.
- I-CTRL + K - Inquma umbhalo kusuka kusikwele kuze kube sekupheleni komugqa
- I-CTRL + Y - Yenza umbhalo
- CTRL + E - Hambisa isikhombisi ekupheleni komugqa
- CTRL + A - Hambisa isikhombisi ekuqaleni komugqa
- I-ALT + F - Phuma phambili esikhaleni esilandelayo
- ALT + B - Dlulisa emuva kusikhala sangaphambilini
- ALT + Backspace - Susa igama langaphambilini
- I-CTRL + W - Vala igama ngemuva kwesihenqo
- Shift + Faka - Yenza umbhalo ube yi-terminal
Ukuze nje imiyalo engenhla ibe nengqondo ubheke umugqa olandelayo wombhalo.
sudo apt-get install program program
Njengoba ungabona ukuthi nginephutha lesipelo kanye nomyalo wokusebenza ngidinga ukushintsha "intall" ukuze "ufake".
Cabanga ukuthi isikhombisi siphezu komugqa. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubuyela efonini ukufaka ukuze uyishintshe.
Ngingacindezela kabili i-ALT + B engabeka isikhombisi kusikhundla esilandelayo (ekhonjiswe yi ^ uphawu):
sudo apt-get ^ igama lenqubo ye-intall
Manje ungacindezela ukhiye we-cursor bese ufaka i- '' s 'ekufakeni.
Omunye umyalo owusizo "shift + faka" ikakhulukazi Uma udinga ukukopisha umbhalo kusuka kusiphequluli ukuya esibulalayo.
02 ngo-15
SUDO !!
Uzobonga ngempela ngomyalo olandelayo uma ungayazi kakade ngoba uze wazi ukuthi lokhu ukhona uzithuka njalo uma ufaka umyalo futhi amagama avela "imvume evunyelwe".
- sudo !!
Usebenzisa kanjani i-sudo !! Simply. Cabanga ukuthi ufake umyalo olandelayo:
thola ukuthola i-ranger
Amazwi "Imvume ephikisiwe" izovela ngaphandle kokuthi ungene ngemvume ngamalungelo aphakanyisiwe.
sudo !! ugijima umyalo wangaphambilini njengo-sudo. Ngakho umyalo wangaphambilini manje uba:
sudo apt-get install ranger
Uma ungazi ukuthi sudo ukhona, qala lapha.
03 ka-15
Ukumisa Imiyalo Nemigomo Yokugijima Ngokwemvelaphi
Ngibhale kakade umhlahlandlela obonisa indlela yokusebenzisa imiyalo yokugcina ngemuva .
- I-CTRL + Z - Iphula uhlelo lokusebenza
- fg - Ibuyisela kuhlelo lokusebenza
Ngakho-ke yikuphi leli phuzu?
Cabanga ukuthi uvule ifayela ku- nano kanje:
sudo nano abc.txt
Hamba ngokubhala umbhalo ngaphakathi kwefayili, uyaqaphela ukuthi ngokushesha ufuna ukuthayipha omunye umyalo esibulalayo kepha awukwazi ngoba uvule i-nano kwimodi yangaphambili.
Ungacabanga ukuthi ukhetho lwakho kuphela ukugcina ifayela, phuma nano, ugijime umyalo bese uvula kabusha i-nano.
Okufanele ukwenze nje cindezela i-CTRL + Z kanye nesicelo sangaphambili sizoyeka isikhashana futhi uzobuyiselwa kumlayini wokulalelwayo. Ungakwazi ukugijima noma yikuphi umyalo oyithandayo nalapho usuqedile ukubuyela esimisweni sakho sokumiswa okwesikhashana ngokufaka "fg" efasiteleni lokugcina bese ucindezela ukubuya.
Into ethakazelisayo yokuzama ukuvula ifayela ku-nano, faka umbhalo othile bese umisa isikhashana. Manje vula elinye ifayela ku-nano, faka umbhalo othile bese ume isikhashana. Uma manje ufaka "fg" ubuyela efayeleni yesibili owavule ku-nano. Uma uphuma nano bese ufaka "fg" futhi ubuyela efonini lokuqala owavule ngaphakathi kwe-nano.
04 ka-15
Sebenzisa ukuhambisa imiyalo Emva kokuphuma ku-SSH Session
Umyalo we- nohup uwusizo ngempela uma usebenzisa umyalo we-ssh ukuze ungene ngemvume eminye imishini.
Ngakho-ke yini eyenzekayo?
Cabanga ukuthi ungene ngemvume kwenye ikhompiyutha ukude usebenzisa i-ssh futhi ufuna ukuqhuba umyalo othatha isikhathi eside bese uphuma esimisweni ssh kodwa ushiye umyalo osebenzayo nakuba ungasatholi uxhumano bese uvumela ukuthi wenze njalo.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngisebenzisa i-Raspberry yami PI ukulanda ukusakaza ngenhloso yokubuyekeza.
Angikaze ngibe ne-Raspberry yami PI exhunywe kumbukiso futhi anginayo ikhibhodi negundane elixhunywe kuso.
Ngihlale ngixhuma ku-Raspberry PI nge- ssh kusuka kwikhompyutha ephathekayo. Uma ngiqala ukulanda ifayela elikhulu ku-Raspberry PI ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umyalo we-nohup ngakho-ke kufanele ngilinde ukulanda kuqede ngaphambi kokuvala iseshini ssh nangaphambi kokuvala i-laptop. Uma ngenza lokhu ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi angizange ngisebenzise i-Raspberry PI ukulanda ifayela nhlobo.
Ukusebenzisa konke okumele ngikufake ku-nohup kulandelwa umyalo kanje:
I-nohup ihlulekile http://mirror.is.co.za/mirrors/linuxmint.com/iso//stable/17.1/linuxmint-17.1-cinnamon-64bit.iso &
05 ka-15
Ukugijima I-Linux Command 'AT' Isikhathi Esiqondile
Umyalo 'we-nohup' ulungile uma uxhumeke kuseva ye-SSH futhi ufuna umyalo ukuqhubeka ugijima ngemuva kokuphuma ngaphandle kweseshini ye-SSH.
Cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukuqhuba lo myalo owodwa endaweni ethile ngesikhathi.
Umyalo othi ' at ' uvumela ukuthi wenze lokho nje. 'at' ingasetshenziswa kanje.
ngo-10: 38 ekuseni
at> cowsay 'hello'
ku-> CTRL + D
Umyalo ongenhla uzoqalisa uhlelo lwe- cowsay ngo-10: 38 ngoLwesihlanu kusihlwa.
I-syntax i-'t 'ilandelwa usuku nesikhathi sokusebenza.
Lapho i-prompt ivela> faka, faka umyalo ofuna ukuwusebenzisa ngesikhathi esicacisiwe.
I-CTRL + D ikubuyisela esikhombini.
Kunamafomethi amaningi wesikhathi nosuku futhi kufanelekile ukuhlola amakhasi omuntu ngezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa 'ku'.
06 ka-15
Man Pages
Amakhasi omuntu akunikeza uhlaka lwemiyalo okufanele uyenze kanye noshintsho olungasetshenziswa nabo.
Amakhasi omuntu anesizotha ngokwabo. (Ngicabanga ukuthi azange zenzelwe ukusijabulisa).
Kodwa-ke, ungenza izinto ukwenza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwakho komuntu kukhange kakhulu.
ukuthekelisa PAGER = iningi
Uzodinga ukufaka 'iningi; ukuze lokhu kusebenze kodwa uma wenza lokho kwenza amakhasi akho omuntu avele abebalabala.
Ungakwazi ukukhawulela ububanzi bekhasi lomuntu ukuya kwinani elithile lamakholomu usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ukuthekelisa MANWIDTH = 80
Ekugcineni, uma unesiphequluli sitholakalayo ungavula ikhasi lomuntu kusiphequluli esizenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa i -H ukushintsha kanje:
umuntu -H
Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kuphela uma une isiphequluli esizenzakalelayo isethwe ngaphakathi $ BROWSER imvelo variable.
07 kwangu-15
Sebenzisa i-htop ukuze ubuke futhi uphathe izinqubo
Yimuphi umyalo okwamanje owenzayo ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezisebenza kukhompyutha yakho? Ukubheja kwami ukuthi usebenzisa ' ps ' nokuthi usebenzisa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ukuze uthole umkhiqizo oyifunayo.
Faka 'htop'. Kuyinto nakanjani ithuluzi oyifisa ukuthi ufake ekuqaleni.
i-htop inikeza uhlu lwazo zonke izinqubo ezisebenzayo kulesi sibulali kufana nomphathi wefayela ku-Windows.
Ungasebenzisa ingxube yezinkinobho zomsebenzi ukushintsha ukuhleleka kokuhlelekile kanye namakholomu aboniswayo. Ungaphinda ubulale izinqubo ngaphakathi kwe-htop.
Ukugijima i-htop mane uthayiphe lokhu okulandelayo efasiteleni lokugcina:
htop
08 ka-15
Zulayela Ifayela Lefayela Ukusebenzisa i-ranger
Uma i-htop isebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni izinqubo ezigijima ngelayini lomyalo bese i-ranger isebenza kakhulu ekuhambeni kwesistimu yefayili usebenzisa umugqa womyalo.
Cishe uzodinga ukufaka i-ranger ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kodwa uma ifakiwe ungayigijima ngokumane uthayiphe lokhu okulandelayo ku-terminal:
i-ranger
Iwindi yendima yomyalo izofana nanoma imuphi omunye umphathi wefayela kepha isebenza ngakwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla esikhundleni sokuthi phezulu kuze kube phansi ukuthi uma usebenzisa umcibisholo wesigcino wesokunxele usebenza ngendlela yakho phezulu kwesakhiwo sefolda bese ukhiye wesigcino sokunene usebenza ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sefolda .
Kuyafaneleka ukufunda amakhasi omuntu ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-ranger ukuze ukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukushintshwa kwekhibhodi etholakalayo.
09 ka-15
Khansela A Shutdown
Ngakho uqale ukuvala noma nge-line yomyalo noma kusukela ku-GUI futhi wazi ukuthi awufuni ngempela ukwenza lokho.
- ukuvala -c
Qaphela ukuthi uma ukuvala kuqalile kakade kungase kube sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuyeka ukuvala.
Omunye umyalo wokuzama kanje:
- ukuvalwa kwe- pkill
10 kwangu-15
Ukubulala izinqubo zeHung The Way Easy
Cabanga ukuthi uqhuba uhlelo lokusebenza futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani, lilenga.
Ungasebenzisa i- 'ps -ef' ukuthola inqubo bese ubulala inqubo noma ungasebenzisa i- 'htop'.
Kunomyalo osheshe futhi olula ozowuthanda ubizwa nge- xkill .
Vele uthayiphe okulandelayo kwisiguli bese uchofoza efasiteleni lesicelo ofuna ukuyibulala.
i-xkill
Kwenzekani noma ngabe uhlelo lonke lulenga?
Gwema okhiye 'alt' kanye 'sysrq' kukhibhodi yakho kanti ngenkathi bebanjelwe phansi uthayipha okulandelayo ngokuhamba kancane:
REISUB
Lokhu kuzoqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ngaphandle kokubamba inkinobho yamandla.
11 kwangu-15
Landa amavidiyo we-Youtube
Ngokuvamile, iningi lethu lijabule kakhulu nge-Youtube ukusingatha amavidiyo futhi siwabuka ngokusakaza kubo ngokusebenzisa isidlali sethu sezindaba esikhethiwe.
Uma wazi ukuthi uzobe ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi okwesikhashana (okungukuthi ngenxa yokuhamba kwendiza noma ukuhamba phakathi kweScotland naseNyakatho ye-England) ungase ufise ukulanda amavidiyo ambalwa epeni yokushayela futhi uwabuke wakho ukuzilibazisa.
Konke okumele ukwenze ukufaka i-youtube-dl kumphathi wephakheji yakho.
Ungasebenzisa i-youtube-dl kanje:
i-youtube-dl i-url-to-video
Ungathola i-URL kunoma iyiphi ividiyo ku-Youtube ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi sokwabelana kukhasi levidiyo. Mane nje ukopishe isixhumanisi bese unamathisele emgqeni wokulayisha (usebenzisa ishintsho + faka isinqamuleli).
12 kwangu-15
Landa amafayela avela kuwebhu Ngenhla
Umyalo we-wget wenza ukuthi ukwazi ukulanda amafayela kusuka kuwebhu usebenzisa ukuphela.
I-syntax ilandelayo:
khetha indlela / kuya / igama lomsebenzisi
Ngokwesibonelo:
khetha i-http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/landa
Kukhona inombolo enkulu yezitshalo ezingasetshenziswa nge-wget njenge -O okukuvumela ukuba ukhiphe igama lefayela egameni elisha.
Esikhathini esingenhla ngilanda i-AntiX Linux kusuka ku-Sourceforge. Igama lefayela antiX-15-V_386-full.iso lide kakhulu. Kungaba kuhle ukuyilayisha njenge antix15.iso kuphela. Ukuze wenze lokhu sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
wget -O antix.iso http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/landa
Ukulanda ifayela elilodwa akubonakali liwufanelekile, ungakwazi kalula kalula ukuya ekhasini lewebhu usebenzisa isiphequluli bese uchofoza isixhumanisi.
Nokho, uma ufuna ukulanda amafayela ayishumi nambili ukwazi ukufaka izixhumanisi kufayela lokungenisa futhi usebenzise i-wget ukulanda amafayela kusuka kulawo maxhumanisi azoba ngokushesha.
Sebenzisa nje i -i ukushintsha kanje:
wget -i / indlela / kuya / yokungena
Ngokuningi mayelana nokukhetha ukuvakashela http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/.
13 kwangu-15
I-Steam Locomotive
Lokhu akusizi kakhulu njengokumnandi.
Dweba isitimela esitokisini efasiteleni lakho lokuphela usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sl
14 kwangu-15
Thola i-Fortune Yakho
Omunye ongawusizo ngokukhethekile kodwa nje kumnandi nje umyalo wenhlanhla.
Njengomyalo we-sl, kungase kudingeke uyifake kusuka ekugcineni kwakho kokugcina.
Bese uthayipha lokhu okulandelayo ukuze uthole inhlanhla yakho
inhlanhla
15 kwangu-15
Thola Inkomo Yokutshela I-Fortune Yakho
Ekugcineni thola inkomo ukukutshela imali yakho usebenzisa i-cowsay.
Thayipha okulandelayo ku-terminal yakho:
inhlanhla | cowsay
Uma unedeskithophu ecacile ungasebenzisa i-xcowsay ukuthola inkomo ye-cartoon ukubonisa inhlanhla yakho:
inhlanhla | xcowsay
i-cowsay ne-xcowsay ingasetshenziswa ukubonisa noma imuphi umlayezo. Isibonelo sokubonisa "I-World World" sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
cowsay "hello world"