i-exec - Yenza okungahambisani nalokhu (es)
Isiqubulo
exec ? ukushintsha ? i-arg ? i-arg ... ?
Incazelo
Lo myalo uphatha izimpikiswano zawo njengenkcazelo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu okumele kwenziwe. Iziphakamiso zithatha isimo sephayipha yegobolondo ejwayelekile lapho i- ar ngayinye iba yinye izwi lomyalo, futhi umyalo ngamunye ohlukile uba yinto ephansi.
Uma izingxabano zokuqala zokuqala ziqala-ke ziphathwa njengezitshalo zomugqa womyalo futhi aziyona ingxenye yenkomba yephayiphi. Ukushintsha okulandelayo okwamanje kusekelwa:
-keepnewline
Igcina i-newline elandelanayo emkhiqizo wephayiphi. Ngokuvamile i-newline entsha elandelanayo izosuswa.
-
Iphawula ukuphela kokushintshwa. Ukuphikisana okulandela lokhu kuzophathwa njenge- ar yokuqala ngisho noma iqala nge-.
Uma i- arg (noma i- arg 's s) inezinye zefomu ezichazwe ngezansi bese isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza kokufakwayo nokukhipha phakathi kwe-subprocess (es). Izingxabano ezinjalo ngeke zidluliselwe ku-subprocess (es). Ngefomu ezifana `` < fileName '' ifayela leName kungenzeka libe ngempikiswano ehlukile kusuka `` <<'noma ku-ingxabano efanayo ngaphandle kwesithuba sokungena (ie `` < fileName ' ').
| |
Ihlukanisa imiyalo ehlukile emgqeni. Ukukhishwa okujwayelekile komyalo olandelelwe kuzobekwa ngepayipi ekufakeni okujwayelekile komyalo olandelayo.
| &
Ihlukanisa imiyalo ehlukile emgqeni. Kokubili ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kanye nephutha elijwayelekile lomyalo olandelelwe kuzobekwa ngepayipi ekufakeni okujwayelekile komyalo olandelayo. Leli fomu lokuhlelwa kabusha lidlula amafomu afana no-2> no> &.
< ifayela legama
Ifayela elibizwa ngefayelaName livuliwe bese lisetshenziselwa ukufaka okujwayelekile komyalo wokuqala emgqeni.
<@ ifayelaId
IfayelaId kumele libe yisihlonzi sefayela evulekile, njengenani lokubuyisa kusuka kumakholi wangaphambilini ukuvula . Isetshenziselwa ukufaka okujwayelekile komyalo wokuqala emgqeni. Ifayili kumele ivulekele ukufundwa.
<< inani
Inani liyadluliselwa kumyalo wokuqala njengokufaka kwayo okujwayelekile.
> ifayela lefayile
Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ovela kumyalo wokugcina uqondiswa efayeleni ebizwa ngefayelaName, ebhala okuqukethwe kwayo kwangaphambilini.
2> ifayela lefayela
Iphutha elijwayelekile ukusuka kuyo yonke imiyalo emgqeni liqondiswa kabusha kwifayela elibizwa ngokuthi ifayelaName , libhalela okuqukethwe kwayo kwangaphambilini.
> & ifayela legama
Kokubili ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kusuka kumyalo wokugcina nephutha elijwayelekile kusuka kuyo yonke imiyalo kuqondiswa kabusha kwifayela eliqanjwe ifayelaName , ebhala okuqukethwe kwalo kwangaphambilini.
>> ifayela lefayela
Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ovela kumlayezo wokugcina uqondiswa efayeleni ebizwa ngefayelaName, ukufaka kuyo esikhundleni sokuyibeka phansi.
2 >> ifayela file
Iphutha elijwayelekile ukusuka kuyo yonke imiyalo ebhokisini liqondiswa efayeleni elibizwa ngokuthi ifayelaName , lifaka kulo kunokuba liyibeke phansi.
>> & ifayela lefayela
Kokubili ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kusukela kumyalo wokugcina nephutha elijwayelekile kusuka kuyo yonke imiyalo kuqondiswa kabusha kwifayela elibizwa ngokuthi ifayelaName , lifaka kulo kunokuba liyibeke phansi.
> @ ifayelaId
IfayelaId kumele libe yisihlonzi sefayela evulekile, njengenani lokubuyisa kusuka kumakholi wangaphambilini ukuvula . Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ovela kumyalo wokugcina uqondiswa efayeleni ifayelaIfayela , okumelwe ukuba livuliwe ukuloba.
2> @ ifayelaId
IfayelaId kumele libe yisihlonzi sefayela evulekile, njengenani lokubuyisa kusuka kumakholi wangaphambilini ukuvula . Iphutha elijwayelekile kusuka kuyo yonke imiyalo ebhokisini liqondiswa kwifayelaIfayela. Ifayela kumele livulekele ukubhala.
> & @ ifayelaId
IfayelaId kumele libe yisihlonzi sefayela evulekile, njengenani lokubuyisa kusuka kumakholi wangaphambilini ukuvula . Kokubili ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kusuka kumyalo wokugcina nephutha elijwayelekile kusuka kuyo yonke imiyalo kuqondiswa kabusha kwifayelaIfayela. Ifayela kumele livulekele ukubhala.
Uma ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kungakaqondiswa kabusha umyalo we- exec ubuyisela ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kumyalo wokugcina emgqeni. Uma ngabe yimiphi yemiyalo emgqeni ophuma ngendlela engavamile noma ebulawe noma eyamiswa, khona-ke i- exec it izobuyisela iphutha futhi umlayezo wephutha uzofaka umkhiqizo wepayipi olandelwe yimilayezo yephutha echaza ukuyeka okungavamile; i- errorCode variable izoqukatha ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuqedwa okungavamile okuhlangene nakho okuhlangene nakho. Uma ngabe yimiphi yemiyalo ebhalela efayeleni layo eliphambene nephutha futhi lelo phutha elijwayelekile aliqondiswa kabusha, khona-ke ukwenza kuzobuyisela iphutha; umlayezo wesiphambeko uzofaka ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kwepayipi, kulandelwa imilayezo mayelana nokuphela okungavamile (uma ikhona), kulandelwa ukukhishwa kwesiphambeko esijwayelekile.
Uma umlingisi wokugcina womphumela noma umlayezo wephutha kungu-newline ngaleso sikhathi umlingiswa lowo uvame ukususwa kumphumela noma umlayezo wephutha. Lokhu kuvumelana namanye amanani we-Tcl wokubuya, angahlali ngokujwayelekile ngezintambo ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, uma -keepnewline icacisiwe bese i-newline elandelanayo igcinwa.
Uma okokufaka okujwayelekile kungakhishwa kabusha ngokuthi `` <'' noma `` << '' noma `` <@ '' khona-ke ukufaka okujwayelekile komyalo wokuqala emgqeni kuthathwe ekufakweni okujwayelekile kwamanje kwesicelo.
Uma i- arg yokugcina ithi `` & '' khona-ke iphayiphi izokwenziwa ngemuva. Kulesi simo umyalo we- exec uzobuyisela uhlu lawo izakhi ziyizihlonzi zenkambiso yazo zonke izinkampani ezingaphansi kwamapayipi. Ukukhishwa okujwayelekile komyalo wokugcina emgqeni kuyothatha ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kwesicelo uma kungakahlelwa kabusha, futhi ukukhishwa kwephutha kuzo zonke imiyalo emgqeni kuyodingeka ifayela lephutha lesicelo ngaphandle kokuthi liqondiswe kabusha.
Igama lokuqala kumyalo ngamunye kuthathwa njengegama lomyalo; ukufakwa endaweni kufakwe kuyo, futhi uma umphumela ungaqukethe ama-slashes ke izinkomba eziguquguqukayo zemvelo zePATH zisetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngegama elinikeziwe. Uma igama liqukethe i-slash ngakho kumele libhekisele ekusebenziseni okufinyelelekayo okuvela encwadini yamanje. Ukwandiswa kwe-`` glob '' noma ezinye izakhi ezifana negobolondo zenziwa emibhalweni emiyalweni.
Izinkinga zokuPhatha
Windows (zonke izinguqulo)
Ukufunda kusuka noma ukubhala kuya esikhwameni, usebenzisa `` @ @ fileId '' isaziso, akusebenzi. Uma ufunda kusuka esitokisini, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-DOS engu-16-bit luzobe lulungile futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-32-bit luzobuyela ngokushesha ngokuphela kwefayela. Uma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwesicelo lubhala esitokisini, ulwazi luyakuthunyelwa ku-console, uma umuntu ekhona, noma elahliwe.
Iwijethi yombhalo we-Tk console ayinikezi amandla ejwayelekile we-IO. Ngaphansi kwe-Tk, uma uqondisa kabusha kusukela ekufakweni okujwayelekile, zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zizobona ukuphela kokuphela kwefayela; ulwazi oluqondiswe kumphumela ojwayelekile noma iphutha elijwayelekile lizolahlwa.
Noma yikuphi ukuhlehla okuphambili noma kwangemuva kuyamukelwa njengabahlukanisi bezindlela zokuphikisana kumyalo we-Tcl. Lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokusebenza, igama lomzila elichazwe isicelo lingase libe nezinselele eziphambili noma ezingemuva njengezihlukanisi zendlela. Kodwa-ke, khumbula, ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeWindows zamukela izimpikiswano ngokudlulela phambili kuphela njengokukhethwa kokuzikhethela kanye nokubuyela emuva ezindleleni kuphela. Noma yikuphi ukuphikisana kwesicelo okucacisa igama lomzila onokuhamba phambili ngeke kuguqulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze usebenzise umlingiswa wokubuyela emuva. Uma impikiswano iqukethe phambili ihamba njengendlela yokwehlukanisa indlela, kungenzeka noma ingabonakali njengegama lomzila, kuye ngohlelo.
Ukwengeza, uma ubiza uhlelo lwe-16-bit DOS noma i-Windows 3.X, wonke amagama amathrekhi kumele asebenzise ifomethi emfushane, eyinkimbinkimbi, yendlela (isib, usebenzisa `` applba ~ 1.def '' kunokuba `` applbakery.default '' ).
Okubili noma ngaphezulu phambili noma emuva kudlula emgqeni endleleni ibhekisela endleleni yenethiwekhi. Isibonelo, ukukhonjiswa okulula kwe-directory yomthombo c: / nge-subdirectory / amafasitela / isistimu kuzokhipha c: // amawindi / isistimu (kokubili kudibanisa ndawonye), okubhekisela endaweni ephakemeyo ebizwa ngokuthi isistimu kumshini obizwa ngokuthi amawindi (futhi i- c: / inganakwa), futhi ayifani ne- c: / amafasitela / isistimu , echaza isiqondisi kwikhompyutha yamanje. Umyalo wokujoyina ifayela kumele usetshenziselwe ukunciphisa izingxenye zendlela.
Windows NT
Uma uzama ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenza, yenza kuqala ukusesha igama njengoba kwacaciswa. Khona-ke, ngokulandelana, i-.com , .exe , ne- .bat ifakwe ekupheleni kwegama elicacisiwe futhi lifuna igama elide. Uma igama lomqondisi lingacacisiwe njengengxenye yegama lesicelo, lezi zincwadi ezilandelayo ziseshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma zizama ukuthola uhlelo lokusebenza:
Isiqondisi lapho i-Tcl ephumelelayo elayishwe khona.
Isiqondisi samanje.
I-directory NT ye-Windows NT 32-bit system.
I-Windows NT 16-bit isiqondisi sesistimu.
Isiqondisi sasekhaya se-Windows NT.
Izinkomba ezibalwe endleleni.
Ukuze ukhiphe imiyalo yegobolondo yokwakha efana nokulahla nokukopisha , umshayeli kufanele alinde `` cmd.exe / c '' kumyalo oyifunayo.
I-Windows 95
Uma uzama ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenza, yenza kuqala ukusesha igama njengoba kwacaciswa. Khona-ke, ngokulandelana, i-.com , .exe , ne- .bat ifakwe ekupheleni kwegama elicacisiwe futhi lifuna igama elide. Uma igama lomqondisi lingacacisiwe njengengxenye yegama lesicelo, lezi zincwadi ezilandelayo ziseshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma zizama ukuthola uhlelo lokusebenza:
Isiqondisi lapho i-Tcl ephumelelayo elayishwe khona.
Isiqondisi samanje.
Isiqondisi se-Windows 95.
Isiqondisi sasekhaya se-Windows 95.
Izinkomba ezibalwe endleleni.
Ukuze ukhiphe imiyalo yegobolondo eyakhelwe njengokungcola nokukopisha , umshayeli kumele alinde `` command.com / c '' kumyalo oyifunayo.
Uma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-DOS engu-16-bit lufunde okokufaka okujwayelekile kusukela ku-console bese uyeka, konke okulandelayo kusebenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingu-16-bit ze-DOS zizobona ukufaka okujwayelekile njengoba sekuvele kuvaliwe. Izicelo ezingu-32-bit azizinayo le nkinga futhi zizosebenza kahle, ngisho nangemva kokusebenza kwe-DOS engu-16-bit kucabanga ukuthi ukufaka okujwayelekile kuvaliwe. Awukho umsebenzi owaziwayo wale bugciwane ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukubuyisana phakathi kwe- NUL: idivayisi nesicelo se-16-bit akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho uqondisa kabusha kusuka ku- NUL:, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zenzeke, abanye bazothola ukusakaza okungapheli kwama-byte `` `0x01 '', kanti abanye empeleni bayothola ukuphela kokuphela kwefayela; ukuziphatha kubonakala kuncike kokuthile okuhlanganiswe kuhlelo lokusebenza ngokwayo. Uma uqondisa ngaphezulu kuka-4K noma ngaphezulu ku- NUL:, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zizoxhuma. Izinkinga ezingenhla azenzeki ngezinhlelo ezingu-32-bit.
Zonke izinhlelo ze-DOS 16-bit zisebenza ngokuvumelana. Yonke ukufaka okujwayelekile kusuka kumbhobho kuya ku-16-bit DOS kwesicelo kuqoqwe kufayili yesikhashana; enye ukuphela kwepayipi kufanele ivaliwe ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-16-bit DOS luqale ukusebenza. Yonke ukukhishwa okujwayelekile noma iphutha kusukela ku-16-bit DOS kwesicelo kumbhobho iqoqwe kumafayela wesikhashana; isicelo kumele sigcine ngaphambi kokuba amafayela wesikhashana aqondiswe esigabeni esilandelayo sephayiphi. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenza kwegciwane le-Windows 95 ekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi, futhi indlela i-shell ye-Windows 95 DOS ejwayelekile isebenza ngayo amapayipi ngokwayo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, njenge-command.com , akufanele zifezwe ngokuhlanganyela. Izicelo ezifinyelela ngokuqondile iwindi le-console, kunokuba zifunde kusuka ekufakweni kwabo okujwayelekile nokubhala kumkhiqizo wazo ojwayelekile zingahle zihluleke, zenze i-Tcl, noma zibeke ngisho nesistimu uma ifasitela yabo yangasese yekhonsoli ingatholakali kubo.
I-Macintosh
Umyalo we- exec awukwenziwanga futhi awukho ngaphansi kwe-Macintosh.
Unix
Umyalo we- exec usebenza ngokugcwele futhi usebenza njengoba kuchaziwe.
Bona futhi
iphutha (n), livuliwe (n)
Amagama angukhiye
yenza, uphethiloli, ukuqondisa kabusha, ukusekela okuncane
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.