Lo mhlahlandlela uzokubonisa ukuthi ungabhala kanjani amadivaysi, amashayeli, amadivayisi we-PCI namadivayisi we- USB kukhompyutheni yakho. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yimaphi amashayeli atholakalayo uzoboniswa kabili ukuthi ungabonisa kanjani ama-mounted devices, bese uzoboniswa ukuthi ubonise kanjani wonke amashayela.
Sebenzisa I-Mount Command
Esihlalweni esandulele, ngibonise indlela yokufaka amadivayisi usebenzisa i-Linux . Manje ngizokukhombisa ukuthi ungabhala kanjani amadivayisi aphakanyisiwe.
I-syntax elula kunazo ongayisebenzisa yile ndlela elandelayo:
khuphuka
Umkhiqizo ovela kumyalo ongenhla usho kahle futhi uzoba into enjengale:
/ dev / sda4 on / uhlobo ext4 (rw, relatime, amaphutha = remount-ro, idatha = ehlelwe)
ukuphepha ku-sys / kernel / ukuphepha kohlobo lwezokuphepha (rw, nosuid, nodev, noexec, relat
ime)
Kunolwazi oluningi kakhulu ukuthi akulula ukuthi lufunde kalula.
Amashayela asebenzayo ngokuvamile aqala nge / dev / sda noma / dev / sdb ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa umyalo we-grep ukunciphisa okukhiphayo kanje:
intaba | i-grep / dev / sd
Imiphumela ngalesi sikhathi izobonisa into enjengale:
/ dev / sda4 on / uhlobo ext4 (rw, relatime, amaphutha = remount-ro, idatha = ehlelwe)
/ dev / sda1 on / boot / efi uhlobo vfat (rw, relatime, fmask = 0077, dmask = 0077, codepage = 437, iocharset = iso8859-1, shortname = okuxubile, amaphutha = ukubuyisela-ro)
Lokhu akulona uhlu lwamashayela wakho kodwa lubhala izingxenye zakho eziphakanyisiwe. Ayibhalisi izingxenye ezingakafiki.
Idivaysi / dev / sda ngokuvamile imelela i-hard drive 1 futhi uma une-hard drive yesibili bese iphakanyiselwa ku / dev / sdb.
Uma une- SSD ngakho-ke lokhu kuzobe kumephulwe ku-dev / sda futhi i-hard drive ihlelwe ku-dev / sdb.
Njengoba ungabona ikhompyutha yami ine-drive eyodwa / dev / sda enezingxenye ezimbili eziphakanyisiwe. Ukuhlukanisa / dev / sda4 kunesistimu yefayela ext4 futhi yilapho Ubuntu efakwe khona. I-dev / sda1 yi-partition ye- EFI esetshenziselwa ukuqalisa uhlelo kuqala.
Le khompuyutha isethelwe ku-boot yombili nge-Windows 10. Ukuze ubone ama-Windows partitions, ngizodinga ukuwafaka.
Sebenzisa i-lsblk Ukubhala Amadivayisi Wokuvimbela
Intaba ilungele ukufaka kuhlu amadivayisi aphakanyisiwe kepha ayikhombisi yonke idivayisi onayo futhi okukhiphayo kwenza kube nzima ukufunda.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubala amashayeli e-Linux ukusebenzisa i-lsblk kanje:
lsblk
Ukwaziswa kuboniswa ngesakhiwo somuthi ngolwazi olulandelayo:
- Igama
- Inombolo ye-Minor enkulu
- Ingabe iyasuswa
- Usayizi
- Ingabe ifundwayo
- Ingabe i-disk noma ukuhlukanisa
- Uphi ukuhlukaniswa okufakiwe
Ukubukwa kubheka into enjengale:
- sda - 8.0 - 0 - 931 GB - 0 - disk
- sda1 - 8.1 - 0 - 500M - 0 - ingxenye - / i-boot / efi
- sda2 - 8.2 - 0 - 128M - 0 - ingxenye
- sda3 - 8.3 - 0 - 370.6 G - 0 - ingxenye
- sda4 - 8.4 - 0 - 554.4 G - 0 - ingxenye /
- sda5 - 8.5 - 0 - 5.9G - 0 - ingxenye - [SWAP]
- sr0 - 11: 0 - 1 - 1024M - 0 - rom
Ulwazi lulula kakhulu ukufunda. Ungabona ukuthi ngine drive eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-sda enama-gigabytes angu-931. I-SDA ihlukaniswe ngama-partition angu-2 noma afakwe futhi ingxenye yesithathu eyabelwe ukushintshwa.
Kukhona futhi ukushayela okubizwa ngokuthi i-sr0 okuyi-DVD eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Indlela Yokubhala Amadivayisi we-PCI
Into eyodwa ekufanele ufunde ngokuphathelene neLinux yilokho uma ufuna ukuhlunga lutho ngakho ngokuvamile umyalo oqala ngezinhlamvu "ls".
Usuvele ubonile ukuthi "i-lsblk" ibhala amadivayisi wokuvimba futhi ingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa indlela amadiski abhalwe ngayo.
Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi umyalo we-ls usetshenziselwa ukuthola uhlu lwemibhalo.
Kamuva, uzosebenzisa umyalo we-lsusb ukuze ubhale izinkomba ze-USB kukhompyutha.
Ungaphinda ubhale amadivayisi ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-lsdev kodwa uzodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-procinfo ifakiwe ukuze usebenzise lo myalo.
Ukubhala amadivayisi we-PCI sebenzisa umyalo we-lspci kanje:
lspci
Umkhiqizo ovela kumlayezo ongenhla uphinde usho ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa kunalokho okuxoxwa ngakho.
Nasi isifinyezo esifushane kusuka kuhlu lwami:
00: 02.0 Isilawuli esihambisanayo se-VGA: I-Intel Corporation ye-3rd Gen Core Processor Grap
Ama-hics Umlawuli (i-rev 09)
00: 14.0 Isilawuli se-USB: Intel Corporation 7 Series / C210 Series Chipset Umndeni US
Umphathi we-B xHCI (i-rev 04)
Uhlu lubhala konke kusuka kulabalawuli be-VGA kuya ku-USB, umsindo, i-Bluetooth, abalawuli be-wireless ne-ethernet.
Okumangalisa ukuthi uhlu lspci olujwayelekile lubhekwa njengesisekelo futhi uma ufuna ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe mayelana nedivaysi ngayinye ungagijima umyalo olandelayo:
lspci -v
Ulwazi lwedivayisi ngayinye lubheka into enjengale:
02: 00.0 Isilawuli senethiwekhi: I-Qualcomm Atheros AR9485 I-Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)
Isistimu ye-Dell AR9485 I-Adapter Inethiwekhi Engenantambo
Amafulegi: inkosi yebhasi, i-devsel esheshayo, i-latency 0, i-IRQ 17
Imemori ku-c0500000 (64-bit, engakhethi-prefetchable) [Usayizi = 512K]
I-ROM yokwandisa ku-c0580000 [ikhubazekile] [Usayizi = 64K]
Amakhono:
Umshayeli we-Kernel asetshenziswa: ath9k
Amamojuli we-Kernel: ath9k
Okukhipha kumyalo we-lspci -v empeleni kufundeka kakhulu futhi ungabona ngokucacile ukuthi nginekhadi le-Qualcomm Atheros elingenantambo.
Ungathola okukhipha ngaphezulu kwe-verbose ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
lspci -vv
Uma lokho okwanele zama lokhu okulandelayo:
lspci -vvv
Futhi uma lokho akwanele. Cha, ngidlala kuphela. Ima lapho.
Isici esiwusizo kunazo zonke se-lspci ngaphandle kokufakwa ohlwini kwamadivaysi ngumshayeli we-kernel esetshenziselwa leyo divayisi. Uma ngabe le divayisi ayisebenzisi kungenzeka ukuthi kufanelekile ukucwaninga ukuthi kukhona yini umshayeli ongcono otholakala kudivayisi.
Uhlu Amadivaysi e-USB afakwe ku-Computer
Ukuze ubhale amadivayisi we-USB atholakalayo kukhompyutha yakho sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
lsusb
Okukhiphayo kuzoba okufana nalokhu:
I-Bus 002 Idivayisi 002: I-ID 8087: 0024 Intel Corp. Hub Integrated Rate Matching
Ibhasi 002 Idivayisi 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 I-Linux Foundation 2.0 ihabhu lempande
Idokhumenti ye-Bus 001 005: ID 0c45: 64ad Microdia
Idokodo ye-Bus 001 004: I-ID 0bda: 0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 I-Card Reader Controller
Idokhumenti ye-Bus 001 007: ID 0cf3: e004 Atheros Communications, Inc.
Idokodo ye-Bus 0012: ID 8087: 0024 Intel Corp. Hub Integrated Rate Matching
Ibhasi 001 Idivayisi 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 I-Linux Foundation 2.0 ihabhu lempande
I-Bus 004 Idivayisi 002: ID 0bc2: 231a Seagate RSS LLC
Ibhasi 004 Idivayisi 001: ID 1d6b: 0003 I-Linux Foundation 3.0 i-root hub
Ibhasi 003 Idivayisi 002: ID 054c: 05a8 Sony Corp.
Ibhasi 003 Idivayisi 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 I-Linux Foundation 2.0 ihabhu lempande
Uma ufaka idivayisi ye-USB kwikhompyutha efana ne-hard drive yangaphandle bese ugijima umyalo we-lsusb uzobona idivayisi ivele ohlwini.
Isifingqo
Ukuze ufingqa, ke indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlunga noma yini ngaphandle kwe-Linux ukukhumbula imiyalo ye-ls elandelayo:
- ls - faka amafayili ohlelweni lwefayela
- lsblk - hlela amadivaysi okuvimba (okusho amashayeli)
- lspci - hluza amadivayisi we-pci
- lsusb - hluza amadivaysi e-USB
- Lsdev - uhlunga wonke amadivayisi