Isingeniso
Kunezindawo eziningi ezihlukahlukene "zedeskithophu" ezitholakalayo ngaphakathi kwe-Linux kufaka kodwa ezingagcini ku-Unity, Cinnamon , GNOME , KDE , XFCE , LXDE nokukhanyisa .
Lolu hlu lubonisa izingxenye ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza "imvelo yedeskithophu."
01 ka-13
Umphathi weWindows
"Umphathi weWindows" unquma ukuthi izinhlelo zihanjiswa kanjani kumsebenzisi esibukweni.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze "I-Window Manager" etholakalayo:
- Ukuhlanganiswa
- Ukubeka phansi
- Ukulinganisa
Izindawo zeDeskithophu zanamuhla zisebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa ukubonisa amawindi. I-Windows ingavela phezulu komunye nomunye iphinde ihlangane eceleni futhi ibukeke ijabule iso.
I-"manager manager" yokunamathisela i-stacking ikuvumela ukuthi ufake amafasitela phezulu komunye nomunye kodwa ubheke ngaphezulu kokudala.
Umshayeli we-"window manager" ubeka amafasitela ngokuhlangothini ngaphandle kokuwavumela ukuba ahambe.
Ngokuvamile i "window" ingaba nemingcele, ingancishiswa futhi ikhuliswe, ishintshwe futhi ihuduliwe kusikrini. I "iwindi" izoba nesihloko, ingaqukatha imenyu yesimo kanye nezinto ezingakhethwa ngegundane.
"Umphathi wewindi" ikuvumela ukuthi uthethe phakathi kwamasiteleni, uwathumele kubha yomsebenzi (owaziwa nangokuthi iphaneli), qhafaza amafasitela eceleni bese wenza eminye imisebenzi.
Ungakwazi ukusetha iphephadonga ledeskithophu bese ufaka izithonjana kwideskithophu.
02 ngo-13
Amaphaneli
Labo abasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows bazocabangela "iphaneli" njenge "ibha yomsebenzi".
Ngaphakathi kwe-Linux ungaba nama-panel amaningi esikrinini.
I "iphaneli" ngokuvamile ihlala ekugcineni kwesikrini noma phezulu, ngezansi, kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla.
I "iphaneli" izoqukatha izinto ezinjengemenyu, imifanekiso yokuqalisa esheshayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincishisiwe kanye nendawo yesistimu noma isaziso.
Okunye ukusebenzisa "iphaneli" kufana nebha yokumisa ehlinzeka ngezithonjana zokuqalisa okusheshayo ukulayisha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame ukusetshenziswa.
03 ka-13
Imenyu
Izindawo eziningi zedeskithophu zihlanganisa "imenyu" futhi kaningi isenziwa ngokuchofoza isithonjana esihlanganiswe iphaneli.
Izindawo ezithile zedeskithophu nakwabaphathi befasitela abathize kukuvumela ukuba uchofoze noma kuphi kwideskithophu ukuze ubonise imenyu.
Imenyu ngokuvamile ibonisa uhlu lwezigaba lapho okuchofoza khona kukhombisa izinhlelo ezitholakalayo kulesi sigaba.
Amanye amamenyu ahlinzeka ibha yokusesha futhi anika nokufinyelela kwezicelo eziyizintandokazi kanye nemisebenzi yokungena ohlelweni.
04 ka-13
I-Tray System
"I-tray system" ngokuvamile ifakwe iphaneli futhi inikeza ukufinyelela kuzilungiselelo eziyinhloko:
- Umsindo
- Inethiwekhi
- Amandla
- Umsebenzisi
- I-Bluetooth
- Izaziso
- Iwashi
05 ka-13
Izithombe
"Izithonjana" zinikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo kwezicelo.
"Isithonjana" sixhumanisa nefayili ngesandiso se ".desktop" esihlinzeka isixhumanisi ohlelweni olufezekayo.
Ifayela ".desktop" liqukethe nendlela eya esithombeni oyisebenzisayo isithonjana kanye nesigaba sohlelo lokusebenza esetshenziswa kumamenyu.
06 ka-13
Amawijethi
Amawijethi anika ulwazi oluwusizo kumsebenzisi ngqo kudeskithophu.
Amawijethi avamile anikeza ulwazi lwesistimu, izindaba, imiphumela yezemidlalo nesimo sezulu.
07 ka-13
Isiqalisi
Okuyingqayizivele Kubumbano nakudeskithophu ye-GNOME isiqalisi sinikeza uhlu lwezithonjana zokuqalisa ezisheshayo lapho uma uchofoze ulayishe uhlelo lokusebenza oluxhunyiwe.
Ezinye izindawo zedeskithophu zikuvumela ukuthi udale ama-panels noma ama-docks angabandakanya iziqalisi ukunikeza ukusebenza okufanayo.
08 ngo-13
AmaDashboard
Izindawo ze-Unity ne-GNOME zedeskithophu zihlanganisa isikhombimsebenzisi sesitayela se- dash esingaboniswa ngokucindezela ukhiye omkhulu (kuma-laptops amaningi lokhu kuyisihluthulelo ne-logo ye-Windows).
Isixhumanisi sesitayela se- "dash" sinikeza uchungechunge lwezithonjana ezigabeni lapho kuchofoziwe kudala uhlelo lokusebenza oluxhunyiwe.
Isikhungo esinamandla sokusesha sivame ukuhlanganiswa ukwenza kube lula ukuthola izicelo.
09 ka-13
Imenenja yefayela
Imenenja yefayili iyadingeka ukukuvumela ukuthi ufunde indlela yefayela ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela, ukukopisha, ukuhambisa nokususa amafayela namafolda.
Ngokuvamile uzothola uhlu lwamapholda ajwayelekile njengekhaya, izithombe, amadokhumenti, umculo nokulanda. Ukuchofoza kwifolda kubonisa izinto ngaphakathi kufolda.
10 kwangu-13
Isimemezeli se-Terminal
I- emulator yokugcina ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba agijime imiyalo yezinga eliphansi ngokumelene nesistimu yokusebenza.
Umlayezo womyalo unikeza izici ezinamandla kunamathuluzi wesithombe esijwayelekile.
Ungenza izinto eziningi emgqeni wokulayela ongakwenza ngamathuluzi odweba kodwa isibalo esanda kakhulu sokushintsha sinikeza izinga eliphansi lobuningi.
Umzila womyalo wenza imisebenzi ephindaphinda ephindaphindiwe elula futhi engadli isikhathi esincane.
11 kwangu-13
Umhleli Wezithombe
I "umhleli wombhalo" ikuvumela ukuthi udale amafayela wombhalo futhi ungayisebenzisa ukuhlela amafayela wokumisa.
Nakuba kuyisisekelo esingaphezu kweprosesa yezwi umhleli wombhalo uyasiza ekudaleni amanothi nezinhlu.
12 kwangu-13
Bonisa Isiphathi
"Umphathi wokubonisa" yisikrini esisetshenziselwa ukungena ngemvume kwendawo yakho yedeskithophu.
Kanye nokuvumela ukuthi ungene ngemvume ohlelweni ungasebenzisa futhi "umphathi wokubonisa" ukushintsha imvelo yedeskithophu esebenzayo.
13 kwangu-13
Amathuluzi wokulungiselela
Izindawo eziningi zedeskithophu zihlanganisa amathuluzi okulungisa imvelo yedeskithophu ukuze ibukeke futhi iphathe ngendlela oyifunayo ngayo.
Amathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukuziphatha kwegundane, indlela amafasitela asebenza ngayo, ukuthi izici ziziphatha kanjani nezinye izici eziningi zedeskithophu.