Isingeniso
Umyalo we-Linux grep usetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlunga okufakwayo.
I-GREP imelela i-Global Regular Expression Printer ngakho-ke ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo, kufanele ube nolwazi oluthile ngamazwi avamile.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizokukhombisa izibonelo ezimbalwa ezizokusiza ukuthi uzwisise umyalo we-grep.
01 ka 09
Indlela Yokusesha I-String In A File Ukusebenzisa GREP
Cabanga ukuthi unefayili yombhalo ebizwa ngokuthi amabhuku ngezihloko zezincwadi zezingane ezilandelayo:
- Robin Hood
- Itende lokugibela elincane elibomvu
- Peter Pan
- I-Goldilocks Nezibhebhe Ezintathu
- I-Snow White kanye Nezingane Eziyisikhombisa
- I-Pinnochio
- I-Cat In The Hat
- Izingulube ezintathu ezincane
- I-Gruffalo
- UCharlie Nomkhiqizo We-Chocolate
Ukuze uthole zonke izincwadi ngegama elithi "The" esihlokweni ungasebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Grep Izincwadi
Imiphumela elandelayo izobuyiselwa:
- I-Goldilocks Nezibhebhe Ezintathu
- I-Snow White kanye Nezingane Eziyisikhombisa
- I-Cat In The Hat
- Izingulube ezintathu ezincane
- I-Gruffalo
- UCharlie Nomkhiqizo We-Chocolate
Esimweni ngasinye, igama elithi "The" lizoqokonyiswa.
Qaphela ukuthi usesho lubucayi bokuthi uma esinye seziqu sinalo "okushiwo" esikhundleni se "The" khona-ke angeke kubuyiselwe.
Ukunganaki leli cala ungangezela inkinobho elandelayo:
grep izincwadi --ignore-icala
Ungasebenzisa futhi i -i ukushintsha kanje:
Grep -i izincwadi
02 ka 09
Cinga i-String In A File Ukusebenzisa Wildcards
Umyalo we-grep unamandla kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa amasu amaningi ahambisana nephethini ukuhlunga imiphumela.
Kulesi sibonelo, ngizokukhombisa ukuthi ungasesha kanjani uchungechunge kwifayela usebenzisa ama-wildcards .
Cabanga ukuthi unayo ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi izindawo ngezindawo ezilandelayo zaseScotland:
aberdeen
aberystwyth
ukuhlukumezeka
inverurie
inverness
i-newburgh
inyamazane entsha
i-galloway entsha
glasgow
edinburgh
Uma ufuna ukuthola zonke izindawo nge-inver egameni sebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
ama-grep inver * izindawo
I-asterisk (*) i-wildcard imele 0 noma eminingi. Ngakho-ke uma unendawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-inver noma indawo ebizwa ngokuthi inverness, bobabili babezobuyiselwa.
Enye i-wildcard ongayisebenzisa yinkathi (.). Ungasebenzisa lokhu ukufanisa incwadi eyodwa.
izindawo ze-grep inver.r
Umyalo ongenhla uzothola izindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-inverurie ne-inverary kodwa azitholanga i-invereerie ngoba kungaba ne-wildcard eyodwa phakathi kwama-r amabili njengoba kuchazwa isikhathi esisodwa.
Inkathi ye-wildcard iyasiza kepha ingabangela izinkinga uma unayo njengengxenye yombhalo osesho.
Isibonelo hlola lolu hlu lwamagama wesizinda
- linux.about.com
- pcsupport.about.com
- mp3.about.com
- minecraft.about.com
- androidgames.about.com
- netforbeginners.about.com
- everydaylinuxuser.com
- google.co.uk
- google.au
- direct.gov.uk
Ukuthola wonke ama-about.com ungase useshe usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
grep * mayelana * domainnames
Umyalo ongenhla uzowela phansi uma uhlu luqukethe igama elilandelayo kulo:
- everydaylinuxuser.com/about.html
Ngakho-ke, ungazama le syntax elandelayo:
ama-domain ama-grep * we-about.com
Lokhu kuzosebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuba kube nesizinda elinalo elilandelayo:
aboutycom.com
Ukufuna ngempela igama elithi about.com uzodinga ukuphunyuka kwendiza kanje:
grep * mayelana \ .com domain names
I-wildcard yokugcina ukukukhombisa ukuthi umbuzo obalulekile omelela noma uhlamvu olulodwa.
Ngokwesibonelo:
ama-grap placenames
Umyalo ongenhla uzobuya ku-aberdeen, i-aberystwyth noma ngisho ne-berwick.
03 ka 09
Cinga Amandla Okuqala Ekuqaleni Nokuphela Kwamagama Ukusebenzisa i-grep
I-carat (^) ne-dollar ($) isignali ikuvumela ukuthi ufune amaphetheni ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwemigqa.
Cabanga ukuthi unayo ifayela elibizwa ngebhola ngegama leqembu elilandelayo:
- Blackpool
- Liverpool
- I-Manchester City
- I-Leicester City
- i-Manchester United
- I-Newcastle United
- I-FC United yaseManchester
Uma ufuna ukuthola wonke amaqembu aqala nge-Manchester uzosebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
U-grep ^ amaqembu aseManchester
Umyalo ongenhla uzobuyela eManchester City naseManchester United kodwa hhayi FC United Of Manchester.
Ngaphandle kwalokho ungathola wonke amaqembu aphela no-United usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Amaqembu we-grep e-United amaqembu
Umyalo ongenhla uzobuyela eManchester United naseNewcastle United kodwa hhayi FC United Of Manchester.
04 ka 09
Ukubala Inombolo Yokufanisa Ukusebenzisa i-grep
Uma ungafuni ukubuyisela imigqa yangempela efanisa iphethini usebenzisa i-grep kodwa ufuna nje ukuthi ungaki ongasebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
i-grep -c inputfilefile
Uma iphethini lilinganiswa kabili, inombolo ye-2 izobuyiselwa.
05 ka 09
Ukuthola yonke imigomo engahambisani nokusebenzisa i-grep
Cabanga ukuthi unolwazi lwamagama wendawo namanye amazwe afakwe kanje:
- i-aberdeen scotland
- i-glasgow scotland
- i-liverpool england
- i-colwyn bay
- london england
Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi indawo ye-colwyn ayikho izwe elihlotshaniswa nayo.
Ukucinga zonke izindawo ngezwe ongasebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Izindawo ze-grep izindawo ezingu-$
Imiphumela izobuyela kuyoba yizindawo zonke ngaphandle kwe-colwyn bay.
Lokhu ngokusobala isebenza kuphela ezindaweni eziphela ezweni (kungabi isayensi).
Ungakwazi ukuguqula ukukhetha usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Izindawo ze-grep -v izindawo ezingu-$
Lokhu kuzothola zonke izindawo ezingapheli ngomhlaba.
06 ka 09
Indlela Yokuthola Imithi Engenalutho Emafayeleni Ukusebenzisa i-grep
Cabanga ukuthi unayo ifayela lokufakwayo elisetshenziselwa uhlelo lwesithathu oluyeka ukufunda ifayela uma lithola umugqa ongenalutho kanje:
- i-aberdeen scotland
- inverness scotland
- i-liverpool england
- colwyn bay wales
Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lufika emgqeni ngemva kwe-liverpool lizoyeka ukufunda i-colwyn bay ibhalwa ngokuphelele.
Ungasebenzisa i-grep ukucinga imigqa engenalutho nge-syntax elandelayo:
Izindawo ze-grep ^ $
Ngeshwa lokhu akusizi ngalutho ngokukhethekile ngoba kubuyisela imigqa engalutho.
Ungathola ukuthola inani lemigqa engenalutho njengesheke ukuze ubone ukuthi ifayela livumelekile kanje:
Izindawo ze-grep-c ^ $
Kodwa kungaba usizo nakakhulu ukwazi izinamba zomugqa ongenalutho ukuze ukwazi ukuzishintsha. Ungakwenza lokho ngomyalo olandelayo:
Izindawo ze-grep -n ^ $
07 ka 09
Indlela Yokusesha Ama-Strings Of Character Noma Abancinci Abalingiswa Ukusebenzisa i-grep
Ukusebenzisa i-grep unganquma ukuthi yimaphi imigqa efayeleni enezinhlamvu ezinkulu usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
igama lefayela le-grep '[AZ]'
Abakaki abesikwele [] bakunqume ububanzi bezinhlamvu. Esikhathini esilandelayo kufana nanoma yiliphi uhlamvu oluphakathi kuka-A no-Z.
Ngakho-ke ukufanisa abalingiswa be-lowercase ungasebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
igama le-grep '[az]'
Uma ufuna ukufanisa kuphela izinhlamvu hhayi izinombolo noma ezinye izimpawu ungasebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
igama lefayela le-grep '[a-zA-Z]'
Ungenza okufanayo ngezinombolo kanje:
'grep' [0-9] 'igama lefayela
08 ka 09
Ukufuna Ukuphinda Amaphethini Ukusebenzisa i-grep
Ungasebenzisa amabakaki angu-curly {} ukuze useshe iphethini ephindaphindiwe.
Cabanga ukuthi unayo ifayela ngezinombolo zefoni kanje:
- 055-1234
- 055-4567
- 555-1545
- 444-0167
- 444-0854
- 4549-2234
- x44-1234
Uyazi ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala yenombolo idinga amadijithi amathathu futhi ufuna ukuthola imigqa engafani nale iphethini.
Kusukela kusibonelo esedlule uyazi ukuthi [0-9] ubuyisa zonke izinombolo efayeleni.
Kulesi sigaba sifuna imigqa eqala ngezinombolo ezintathu ezilandelwa yi-hyphen (-). Ungakwenza lokho nge-syntax elandelayo:
grep "^ [0-9] [0-9] [0-9] -" izinombolo
Njengoba siyazi ngezibonelo zangaphambilini i-carat (^) isho ukuthi umugqa kufanele uqale ngephethini elilandelayo.
I- [0-9] izosesha noma iyiphi inombolo phakathi kuka-0 no-9. Njengoba lokhu kuhlanganiswa izikhathi ezintathu kufana nezinombolo ezingu-3. Okokugcina kukhona ukukhomba ukuthi ukukhomba kufanele kuphumelele izinombolo ezintathu.
Ngokusebenzisa abakaki abaluhlaza ungenza ukusesha kube mncane kanje:
grep "^ [0-9] \ {3 \} -" izinombolo
I-slash iphunyuka ku-{bracket ukuze isebenze njengengxenye yenkulumo evamile kodwa empeleni lokho okushiwo ngu- [0-9] {3} okusho noma iyiphi inombolo phakathi kuka-0 no-9 kathathu.
Abakaki abakhuphukayo bangasetshenziswa futhi ngalendlela elandelayo:
{5,10}
{5,}}
I- {5,10} isho ukuthi uhlamvu oluseshwayo kumele luphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5 kodwa lungabi ngaphezu kuka-10 kanti i- {5,} lisho ukuthi uhlamvu kumele luphindwe kaningi izikhathi ezingu-5 kodwa lungaphezu kwalokho.
09 ka 09
Ukusebenzisa I-Output evela Kweminye Imithetho Ngokusebenzisa i-grep
Kuze kube manje sibheke iphethini elifanelana ngaphakathi kwamafayela ngabanye kodwa i-grep ingasebenzisa ukukhishwa kweminye imiyalo njengengalo yokufanisa iphethini.
Isibonelo esihle salokhu usebenzisa umyalo we-ps obala izinqubo ezisebenzayo.
Isibonelo sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ps -ef
Zonke izinqubo ezihambayo ohlelweni lwakho zizoboniswa.
Ungasebenzisa i-grep ukucinga inqubo ethile yokusebenza kanje:
ps -ef | grep firefox