Isifundo sokuqala
Isingeniso
Ngokusho kwekhasi lezincwadi umyalo we-Linux "ping" usebenzisa i- ICMP protocol edingekayo ye-ECHO_REQUEST datagram ukuze wenze i-ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE ibe yindawo enkulu yesango.
Ikhasi lebhukwana lisebenzisa okuningi kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi umyalo we-Linux "ping" ungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi inethiwekhi iyatholakala yini nokuthi isikhathi sithatha ukuthumela nokuthola impendulo enethiwekhi.
Kungani Ungayisebenzisa I-"ping" Umyalo
Abaningi bethu bavakashela izindawo ezifanayo eziwusizo njalo. Ngokwesibonelo ngivakashele iwebhusayithi ye-BBC ukuze ngifunde izindaba futhi ngivakashele iwebhusayithi ye-Sky Sports ukuthola izindaba zebhola nemiphumela. Ngokungangabazeki uzoba nesethi yakho yamasayithi ayisihluthulelo afana nawo .
Cabanga ukuthi ufake ikheli lewebhu kwisiphequluli sakho futhi ikhasi alizange lilayishe nhlobo. Isizathu salokhu singaba esinye sezizinto eziningi.
Ngokwesibonelo , ungase ungabi naso uxhumano lwe-intanethi nhlobo noma ngabe uxhumeke ku-router yakho . Ngezinye izikhathi umnikezeli wezinsizakalo ze-intanethi unezinkinga zendawo ezikuvimbela ekusebenziseni i-intanethi.
Esinye isizathu kungenzeka ukuthi isayithi ihlehlisiwe futhi ayitholakali.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani ungahlola kalula ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompyutha yakho nenye inethiwekhi usebenzisa umyalo we- "ping".
Umyalo wePing usebenza kanjani
Uma usebenzisa ifoni yakho udayela inamba (noma ngaphezulu ngokuvamile ukhetha igama labo kusukela encwadini yekheli efonini yakho) futhi ifoni ikhala ekugcineni komamukeli.
Uma lowo muntu ephendula ifoni bese ethi "hello" uyazi ukuthi unokuxhumana.
Umyalo "we-ping" usebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ucacisa ikheli le-IP elilingana nenombolo yocingo noma ikheli lewebhu (igama elihlobene nekheli le-IP) futhi "ping" ithumela isicelo kulelo kheli.
Lapho inethiwekhi yokwamukela ithola isicelo izobuyisela impendulo ebizwa ngokuthi "hello".
Isikhathi esithathwe ukuze inethiwekhi iphendule kuthiwa i- latency .
Isibonelo Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-"ping" Umyalo
Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe iwebhusayithi iyatholakala yini uhlobo oluthi "ping" olulandelwe igama lesayithi ofuna ukulixhuma. Isibonelo sokubheka ukuthi uzogijima umyalo olandelayo:
ping
Umyalo we-ping uthumela ngokuqhubekayo izicelo kwinethiwekhi futhi uma impendulo itholakele uzothola i-ling output ye-inthanethi ngolwazi olulandelayo:
- inombolo yezintwana ezitholiwe
- ikheli le-IP
- inombolo yokulandelana
- isikhathi esithathwe ukuphendula
Uma inethiwekhi ozama ukuyiphakamisa ayiphenduli ngoba ayitholakali khona-ke uzokwaziswa ngalokhu.
Uma wazi ikheli le-IP lenethiwekhi ungayisebenzisa lokhu esikhundleni segama lewebhu:
ping 151.101.65.121
Thola i-ping "engavumelekile"
Ungathola umyalo we-ping wokwenza umsindo noma nini lapho impendulo ibuyiselwa ngokushintsha "-a" njengengxenye yomyalo njengoba kuboniswe kumyalo olandelayo:
ping -a
Buyisa Ikheli le-IPv4 noma IPv6
I-IPv6 yi-protocol yokulandela isizukulwane esilandelayo yokwazisa amakheli enethiwekhi njengoba inikeza inhlanganisela engavamile eyingqayizivele futhi kufanele ingene esikhundleni se-protocol ye-IPv4 esikhathini esizayo.
I-protocol ye-IPv4 inikezela amakheli e-IP ngendlela esetshenziswa ngayo njengamanje. (Isibonelo 151.101.65.121).
I-protocol ye-IPv6 inikezela amakheli we-IP kufomethi [fe80 :: 51c1 :: a14b :: 8dec% 12].
Uma ufuna ukubuyisa ifomethi ye-IPv4 yekheli lenethiwekhi ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
i-ping -4
Ukusebenzisa ifomethi ye-IPv6 kuphela ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ping -6
Nciphisa inani lemikhumbi
Ngokuzenzakalelayo uma u-ping inethiwekhi uqhubeka ukwenza kanjalo uze ucindezele i-CTRL no-C ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqeda inqubo.
Ngaphandle kokuba uhlole isivinini senethiwekhi cishe uzofuna ukuphinda uze uthole impendulo.
Ungakwazi ukunciphisa inani lemizamo ngokusebenzisa inkinobho "-c" kanje:
ping -c 4
Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi isicelo somyalo ongenhla sithunyelwe izikhathi ezingu-4. Umphumela ungathola amaphakethe angu-4 athunyelwe futhi impendulo eyodwa kuphela.
Enye into ongayenza ibeka isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuthi usebenzise isikhathi eside kangakanani umyalo we-ping ngokusebenzisa inkinobho "-w".
i-ping-i-10
Lokhu kusetha umkhawulo wokugcina we-ping ukuze ugcine imizuzwana engu-10.
Okuthakazelisayo mayelana nokusebenzisa imiyalo ngale ndlela kuyiphumela njengoba kubonisa ukuthi mangaphi amapakethe athunyelwe nokuthi bangaki abamukelwe.
Uma amaphakethe angu-10 athunyelwe futhi angu-9 kuphela atholakele emuva kwalokho lokho kufana nokulahlekelwa kwepakethe ye-10%. Okuphakeme ukulahlekelwa kube kubi kakhulu ukuxhumana.
Ungasebenzisa enye inkinobho ekhuphula inani lezicelo kwinethiwekhi eyamukelayo. Ngoba wonke amaphakethe athumele ichashazi uboniswa esikrinini futhi njalo lapho inethiwekhi isabela ichashazi lisuswa. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ungabona ngokubukeka ukuthi zingaki amaphakethe alahlekelwa.
Udinga ukuba umsebenzisi omkhulu ukusebenzisa lo myalo futhi empeleni kungenxa yokuqapha kwenethiwekhi kuphela.
sudo ping -f
Okuphambene nesikhukhula ukucacisa isikhathi eside phakathi kwesicelo ngasinye. Ukwenza lokhu ungasebenzisa inkinobho "-i" kanje:
ping -i 4
Umyalo ongenhla uzobe uphawula yonke imizuzwana engu-4.
Indlela Yokunqanda Umkhiqizo
Ungase ungakhathaleli ngazo zonke izinto ezenzeka phakathi kwesicelo ngasinye esithunyelwe futhi samukelwa kodwa nje okukhiphayo ekuqaleni nokuphela.
Isibonelo uma uthumele umyalo olandelayo usebenzisa inkinobho "-q" uzothola umlayezo ochaza ukuthi ikheli le-IP lizobhekwa futhi ekugcineni inani lamaphakethe alithunyelwe, atholakale kanye nokulahlekelwa kwepakethe ngaphandle kwemigqa ephendulelayo ephindaphindiwe.
ping-q -w-10
Isifingqo
Umyalo we-ping unezinye izinketho ezimbalwa ezingatholakala ngokufunda ikhasi lezincwadi.
Ukufunda ikhasi lebhukwana usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:
indoda ping