Ifayela logi, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ucabange, linikeza umugqa wesikhathi wezenzakalo ze -Linux system , izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsiza.
Amafayela agcinwa ematheksthini alula ukuze enze lula ukufunda. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza ukubuka ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungatholaphi amafayela we-logi, ubonisa ambalwa amalogs ayisihluthulelo futhi uchaza ukuthi ungawafunda kanjani.
Ungayitholaphi I-Linux Log Files
Amafayela womlogi we-Linux avame ukugcinwa kufolda / var / izingodo.
Ifolda izoqukatha inamba enkulu yamafayela futhi ungathola ulwazi lwesicelo ngasinye.
Isibonelo uma umyalo we-ls ugijelwa kufolda yesampula / var / logs lapha kukhona ambalwa amalogi atholakalayo.
- kern.log
- auth.log
- bootstrap.log
- ezinye izindlela.log
- samba
- izinkomishi
- I-albhamu kuphela
Abokugcina abathathu kulolu hlu banamafolda kodwa baye bafaka amafayela ngaphakathi kwamafolda.
Njengoba amafayela welogi asesimweni sombhalo ocacile ungawafunda ngokuthayipha umyalo olandelayo:
nano
Umlayezo ongenhla uvula ifayela logi kumhleli obizwa nge- nano . Uma ifayili yelogi isayizi encane ngakho-ke kulungile ukuvula ifayela lelogi nakulo mhleli kodwa uma ifayela logi likhulu bese cishe unesithakazelo ekufuneni umsila wokuphela kwelogi.
Umyalo womsila kukuvumela ukuba ufunde imigqa embalwa edlule efayeleni ngendlela elandelayo:
umsila
Ungacacisa ukuthi zingaki imigqa ongabonisa ngayo -nshintsha kanje:
umsila -n
Yiqiniso, uma ufuna ukubona ukuqala kwefayela ungasebenzisa umyalo oyinhloko .
Ama-Log System Ekhiye
Amafayela we-log alandelayo ayona okuyinhloko okubheka ngaphakathi kwe-Linux.
- I-Log yokugunyaza
- I-Daemon Ngena
- I-Log Debug
- I-Kernel Ngena
- I-Log Log
I-log yokugunyazwa (auth.log) ithrekhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokugunyaza ezilawula ukufinyelela komsebenzisi.
I-daemon log (daemon.log) ithatha amasevisi asebenza ngemuva enza imisebenzi ebalulekile.
Ama-Daemon athambekele ekutheni angenayo into ebonakalayo.
I-log ye-debug inikeza ukukhishwa kwe-debug yezicelo.
I-log kernel inikeza imininingwane mayelana ne-kernel ye-Linux.
I-log yesistimu iqukethe ulwazi oluningi mayelana nesistimu yakho futhi uma isicelo sakho singenawo log yayo okufakwayo cishe kuyoba kuleli fayela lelogi.
Ukuhlaziya Okuqukethwe Kwifayela Yelogi
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa okuqukethwe kwamafayela angu-50 angaphambilini ngaphakathi kwefayela lami lohlelo lwesistimu (syslog).
Umugqa ngamunye kulegi uqukethe ulwazi olulandelayo:
- Usuku
- Igama lomkhosi
- Isicelo / Isevisi
- Umlayezo
Isibonelo, enye umugqa kufayili yami ye-syslog kanje:
Jan 20 12:28:56 gary-virtualbox systemd [1]: ukuqala amakhophi wokuhlela
Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi isevisi yokuhlela izindebe iqalile ngo-12.28 ngo-20 Januwari.
Ama-Logs ajikelezayo
Amafayela angena ngemvume ajikeleza ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze angaba mkhulu kakhulu.
I-log iyashintsha indawo yesevisi ibangela ukuguqula amafayela alogi. Ungatshela uma ilogi lishintshe ngoba lizolandelwa inombolo efana ne-auth.log.1, auth.log.2.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshe imvamisa ye-log rotation ngokuhlela ifayela / njll / logrotate.conf
Okulandelayo kubonisa isampula efonini yami ye-logrotate.conf:
Amafayela we-#rotate log
masonto onke
#keep 4 amafayela welog log
phenduka 4
dala amafayela welogi amasha ngemva kokujikeleza
dala
Njengoba ungabona, lawa mafayela agijime ajikeleza njalo ngesonto, futhi kukhona amafayela angamaviki ama-log ayigcinwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
Lapho ifayela logi lijikeleza elisha lidalwe endaweni yayo.
Isicelo ngasinye singaba nenqubomgomo yaso yokujikeleza. Lokhu kubonakala kusebenza ngoba ifayela le-syslog lizokhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunefayela le-log log.
Izinqubomgomo zokujikeleza zigcinwa ku /etc/logrotate.d. Isicelo ngasinye esidinga inqubomgomo yaso yokujikeleza sizoba nefayela lokumiswa kule folda.
Isibonelo isitoreji esifanele sibe nefayela kufolandate ye-logrotate.d kanje:
/var/log/apt/history.log {
ukujikeleza 12
njalo ngenyanga
cindezela
i-missingok
ukuphawula
}}
Ngokuyinhloko, lo log ikutshela lokhu okulandelayo. Igijimi lizogcina amafayela angamaviki angu-12 alinganayo futhi ijikeleza njalo ngenyanga (1 ngenyanga). Ifayela logi lizocindezelwa. Uma kungekho milayezo ebhalwa kugijimi (okungukuthi ayinalutho) khona-ke lokhu kuyamukeleka. Igigi ngeke lijikeleze uma lingenalutho.
Ukuchibiyela inqubomgomo yefayela ukuhlela ifayela ngezilungiselelo ozidingayo bese ugijima umyalo olandelayo:
logrotate -f