Ukusebenzisa i-chmod ukuze uguqule noma ushintshe ifayela ne-Directory Izimvume
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Unix ne-Linux zinikeza amalungelo okufinyelela kumafayili kanye nezinkomba usebenzisa enye yezinhlobo ezintathu zokufinyelela (funda, bhala futhi usebenze) obelwe amaqembu amathathu (umnikazi, iqembu nabanye abasebenzisi).
Uma ubhala imininingwane yezimfanelo zefayili usebenzisa umyalo we- ls ne-- l switch (isibonelo ls -l yegama lefayela ), lizobuyisela ulwazi oluzobheka into efana ne -rwe-rw-r-- elinganisa ukufunda, ukubhala nokubhala yenza amalungelo omnikazi, ufunde futhi ubhale amalungelo weqembu futhi ufunde kuphela ukufinyelela kwabo bonke abanye abasebenzisi.
Ngamanye amafomu okufinyelela amalungelo anezinombolo zezinombolo ezihlobene ngezansi:
- funda = 4
- bhala = 2
- yenza = 1
Amagugu amalungelo okufinyelela ngamanye amaqembu ayengezwe ndawonye ukuze athole inani eliphakathi kuka-0 no-7 elingasetshenziswa ukwabela noma ukuguqula izimvume usebenzisa umyalo we- chmod (ushintsho imodi).
Esikhathini esingenhla, amalungelo okufinyelela wefayela okukhulunywa ngawo angabelwa ngokufaka igama lefayela le- chmod 764 . Inombolo 764 itholakala ku:
- isi = 4 (funda) + 2 (bhala) + 1 (yenza) = 7
- rw = 4 (funda) + 2 (bhala) = 6
- r = 4 (funda) = 4
Ungasebenzisa umyalo we- chmod ukunikeza amalungelo okufinyelela emafayeleni nakwabhaliwe. Khumbula ukuthi imiyalo ye- unix ne-Linux amagama nezinhlamvu zibucayi. Kumele usebenzise i- " chmod " hhayi i-CHMod nanoma iyiphi enye inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu eziphezulu nezinhla.
Indlela yokusebenzisa umyalo we-chmod:
- ukufinyelela okugcwele kwabo bonke abantu:
- igama lefayela le- chmod 777
- ukufinyelela okuphelele komnikazi namalungelo weqembu kepha abanye abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukufunda nokusebenzisa kuphela:
- igama lefayela le- chmod 775
- ukufinyelela okugcwele komnikazi, kodwa ukukhawulela iqembu namanye amalungelo okusebenzisa kuphela ukufunda nokusebenzisa amafayela ku-directory:
- chmod 755 isichazamazwi
- ukufinyelela okugcwele komnikazi ongenamalungelo okuthola noma amalungelo kunoma ubani omunye:
- igama lefayela le- chmod 700
- akukho ukufinyelela kwamafayela ku-directory yeqembu noma abanye abasebenzisi nomnikazi okuvinjelwe ukuthi afunde futhi asebenzise amalungelo okuvimbela ukususwa ngengozi noma ukuguqulwa kwamafayela esiqondisweni:
- chmod 500 igama lokushayela
- evumela umnikazi neqembu ukuthi bafunde futhi babhale ukufinyelela kufayili, okuvumela abanye eqenjini ukuba bahlele noma basuse ifayela kanye nomnikazi, kodwa bengenakho ukufinyelela kwabanye abasebenzisi:
- igama lefayela le- chmod 660