"I-Hacktivism" iyinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamazwi athi "ukukhwabanisa" nokuthi "ukuvuselela" okuye kwavela njengoba abantu basebenzisa i-intanethi ukukhombisa ukuthi kubangelwa ezombusazwe noma ezenzakalweni.Abantu abathile ngezinye izikhathi babizwa ngokuthi "SJW" noma amaqhawe wobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle .
Kubantu abaningi bomlando wabantu, abantu baye babonisa ngandlela-thile ngandlela-thile ngokumelene - noma-into ethi bazizwe beyithandekayo. Lokhu kungafaka ukukhishwa ngaphandle kwamahhovisi e-City Hall, ukubhala izincwadi kumhleli wephepha lendawo ukuphikisana nenqubomgomo ezayo, noma ukuhlela ukuhlala eyunivesithi.
Yonke yale mibhikisho inokuthile okufana nayo: ikhona indawo, futhi iningi, uma kungeyona yonke, yabantu ababandakanyekile kulo mbhikisho ovela kulowo ndawo.
Faka i- Intanethi . Ngoba ingakwazi ukuxhuma abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke kungakhathaliseki indawo, ukubonisa noma ngokumelene nesibanga kuyahlukahluka.
I-Hacktivism ne-activism zihlobene; Kodwa-ke, i-hacktivism ihluke ngokuthi yenziwe ngokuyinhloko ngekhodi. Ama-Hacktivists (abantu abathintekayo kule mizamo) ngokuvamile akulona ukuzuza kwezimali; Kunalokho, bafuna ukwenza isitatimende somunye uhlobo. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-hacktivism ihlaselwa ngesizathu; esikhundleni sokungalaleli komphakathi, ukuphazanyiswa kwedijithali kusetshenziswa i-Inthanethi njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokusekela umlayezo wabo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ama-Hacktivists asebenzisa imithombo etholakalayo ku-intanethi, kokubili ngokomthetho kanye nalabo abangacatshangwa ngokungemthetho, ngokuphishekela imilayezo ebalulekile kubo; ikakhulukazi ezungeze izinkinga zezombangazwe nezamalungelo abantu.
Kungani I-Hacktivism Yaba Edume Kangako?
Iphephabhuku elivela eGeorgetown ekukhuleni kwe-hacktivism lathi lokhu ngoSepthemba 2015 mayelana nokuthi kungani i-hacktivism iye yathandwa kangaka:
"I-Hacktivism, kufaka phakathi i-hacktivism exhaswe nguhulumeni noma eqhutshwa nguhulumeni, kungenzeka ibe indlela evamile yokuveza ukuphikisana nokuthatha isinyathelo esiqondile ngokumelene nabaphikisi. Linikeza izindlela ezilula futhi ezingabizi ukwenza isitatimende futhi zilimaze ngaphandle kokufakaza ngokungathí sina ukushaywa icala ngaphansi komthetho wobugebengu noma impendulo ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Ukukhwabanisa kunika abalingisi abangewona abomhlaba ithuba elihle lokubhikisha emigwaqeni kanye nabalingisi bezwe okufaka endaweni ekhangayo yokuhlaselwa ngezikhali. Akuyona nje indlela ethandwayo yokuzikhandla, kodwa futhi kuyisitsha samandla kazwelonke esinselele ebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngamazwe nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba. "
Ama-Hacktivists angabutha ngaphansi kwe-banner yezimbangela emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhamba noma yikuphi, okubili kokunika amandla umuntu ngamunye kanye neqembu ngezinyathelo nemizamo yokuphazanyiswa kwedivayisi.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukufinyelela kwiWebhu kuyindleko ephansi, i-hacktivists ingathola futhi isebenzise amathuluzi mahhala futhi afundeke kalula ukuze asebenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba yonke le mizamo i-intanethi ngokuyinhloko, kukhona ingozi ephansi kubantu abathintekayo ngokomzimba kanye nangokwezomthetho ngoba iningi lala makhankaso e-hacktivism alisetshenziselwa ama-ejenti okuphoqelela umthetho ngaphandle kokuba abe nomonakalo ongokwenyama noma wezezimali.
Yiziphi Izinjongo Ezivamile Zama-Hacktivists?
Ngenxa yokuthi izinsiza i-hacktivists ezisebenzisayo zitholakala ku-intanethi, noma yini nanoma ubani angaba yilokho okuhloswe ngakho. Ngenkathi inhloso ye-hacktivism iwukuba ngokucacile ukuletha ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kwenkinga ethize, imikhankaso eminingi ye-hacktivist iya phambili ngaphezu kwalokho, okwenza kube lula ukuphazamiseka nokucasula, ngezenzo eziningi eziphelelwa ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi, ukulahlekelwa idumela, noma ukuhlehliswa kwedatha.
"Isikhali siyifinyeleleka kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe buyinkimbinkimbi," kusho uChenxi Wang, oyinhloko kamongameli ophethe ukuphepha eForrester Research. "Konke ku-intanethi - impilo yakho, impilo yami - okwenza kube yingozi nakakhulu." - Hacktivism: Kuphi Okulandelayo for Hackers Isizathu
Izwe li-intanethi, ngakho-ke izinhloso ze-hacktivism yi-legion. I-Hacktivists ihlose uhulumeni wangaphandle, izinkampani ezinkulu, nabaholi bezombusazwe abavelele. Baphinde balandela izinhlaka zikahulumeni zendawo, kuhlanganise neminyango yamaphoyisa nezibhedlela. Izikhathi eziningi i-hacktivists iphumelela kakhulu uma ilandela lezi zinhlangano ezincane kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi azilungele ukuphepha-ezihlakaniphile ukuzivikela ngokumelene nemibhikisho eyinkimbinkimbi yedijithali.
Ingabe i-Hacktivism Ilungile Noma Ibubi?
Impendulo elula kungabonakala njengokuhle noma kubi, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi uhlangothi ongase ufike kulo.
Isibonelo, kuye kwaba nezimo eziningana ze-hacktivists esebenzisana ndawonye ukukhuthaza amathuba okukhuluma okukhululekile, ikakhulukazi emazweni anomgomo wezombusazwe ovimbela ukufinyelela kolwazi.
Iningi labantu lizokubona lokhu njengesibonelo se-hacktivism enhle.
Abantu abaningi bangase badide i-hacktivism nge-cyberterrorism. Laba bobabili bafana nokuthi bobabili bobabili baqhutshwa ikakhulukazi kuyi-intanethi, kodwa yilapho ukufana kufinyelela khona. I-Cyberterrorism ihlose ukulimaza kakhulu (njengokulimala komzimba kanye / noma ukulimala kwezimali). I-Hacktivism ihlose ukuqwashisa mayelana nendaba ethile.
Iningi le-hacktivism lizocatshangwa ngokungemthetho ngaphansi kwemithetho eminingi yasekhaya nasezizweni zonke, kodwa-ke, njengoba umonakalo owenziwe emisebenzini eminingi ye-hacktivist kubhekwa njengamancane, ambalwa amacala ayenziwa empeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobuningi bomhlaba we-hacktivism nokubukeka okungabonakali kwabantu abaningi abathintekayo, kunzima ukulandelela ukuthi ubani onomthwalo wemfanelo.
Abanye bangase bathi i-hacktivism iwela ngaphansi kwenkulumo yekhululekile futhi kufanele ivikelwe ngokufanele; abanye bangasho ukuthi ukwehluleka kule mizamo kuhambisani nenkulumo yamahhala ekulimazeni kokubili izinkampani kanye nabantu ngabanye.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivamile ze-Hacktivism?
Njengoba i-intanethi iyaqhubeka nokuguqukela, kuzoba nezinsiza eziningi ze-hacktivists ezingasebenzisa inzuzo ukuze ziphishekele izimbangela zabo. Amanye amaqhinga avamile kakhulu asetshenziswa ku-hacktivism afaka okulandelayo:
I-Doxing : Ukuxoshwa, okufushane ku- "amadokhumenti", noma "ama-docs" kubhekisela enkambweni yokuthola, ukwabelana, nokwazisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu olubonakalayo kwiWebhu kwiwebhusayithi, iforamu, noma enye indawo efinyeleleka esidlangalaleni.
Lokhu kungafaka amagama asemthethweni aphelele, amakheli, amakheli omsebenzi, inombolo yefoni, amakheli e-imeyili, ulwazi lwezezimali, nokunye okuningi. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-doxing.
I-DDoS : Okufutshane "Ukusabalalisa Ukunikezwa Kwezinsizakalo", lena enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-hacktivism ngoba nje iphumelela kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS kusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana kwezinhlelo eziningi zekhompyutha ukuze kuqhutshwe inani elikhulu lomgwaqo kwiwebhusayithi noma idivaysi exhunyiwe kwi-Inthanethi, ngenhloso yokugcina leyo website noma idivaysi ihambe ngokuphelele. Ama-Hacktivists asebenzise leli qhinga ngokuphumelelayo ukudonsa phansi amawebhusayithi e-banking, ezitolo ze-intanethi, amawebhusayithi, njll.
I-Data Breaches: Mhlawumbe sonke siyazi ngalesi sikhathi ngombono wokuba ukwebiwa. Lezi ziphutha zedatha zithinta ulwazi oluqhathanisa nokwenza lolu datha ukwenza ukukhwabanisa, ukufaka izicelo zokuboleka imali kanye namakhadi esikweletu, ukubhalisa ama-akhawunti amanga, nokudlulisela imali ngokungemthetho, ukweba impahla engokwengqondo, ukuqala ukuhlaselwa kokuphangwa, nokuningi okuningi. Funda kabanzi ngokugcina imininingwane yakho iphephile ku-intanethi .
Ukuqothula / ukuthunjwa kwezindawo ezi-intanethi : Lena enye yezinto ezithandwayo kakhulu ze-hacktivism, ukuphahlaza ikhodi ekupheleni kwewebhu kuwebhusayithi ehlosiwe ngenhloso ehlosiwe ukuphazamisa umlayezo wewebhusayithi ngandlela-thile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele iwebhusayithi, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza ukuze abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukufinyelela, futhi / noma ukuthumela imiyalezo ye-hacktivist.
Lokhu kusebenza futhi ngokuqhaqhazela ezakhiweni zokuxhumana zomphakathi . Ama-Hacktivists athola ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti abo e-media media kanye nemininingwane yokuthumela ehambisa imiyalezo yabo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlangano eziningi zinemikhakha ehlukahlukene ye-intanethi, amathuba avulekele kakhulu kuma-hacktivists. Imikhakha yemidiya yomphakathi ibandakanya i- Facebook , i- Google + , i- Twitter , i- Pinterest , i- LinkedIn , ne- YouTube . Izakhiwo ze-intanethi ezibhekene nomphakathi ezifana namawebhusayithi, i-intranet yezinkampani, nezakhiwo ze-imeyli nazo ziyizinhloso. Izinsizakalo zokuthola ulwazi zomphakathi ezinjenge- ISP , izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, nezinsizakalo zocingo nazo zisengozini ezivela kuma-hacktivists abafuna ukubeka uphawu.
Yiziphi Ezinye Izibonelo Ze-Hacktivism?
Ukunyuka kwe-hacktivism kuzoqhubeka ikakhulukazi njengoba amathuluzi okufanele enze ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu kwedijithali atholakale kalula. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa ze-hacktivism:
- Ngo-2016, abahlaseli baqala uhlelo lokusakaza i- cyberattack ngokumelene ne-website esemqoka yaseMichigan ukuze bagxile ekuhluphekeni kwamanzi e-Flint. Ngo-Meyi, bahlose amawebhusayithi e-North Carolina ehulumeni ukuphikisana nomthetho wombuso ophikisanayo odinga abantu base-transgender ukuba basebenzise izindlu zokugeza ezifanisa nobulili ngesitifiketi sabo sokuzalwa. Futhi ngoJulayi, bathatha umgomo emzini waseBaton Rouge ngemuva kokudubula kwamaphoyisa omuntu omnyama. - I-PBS.org, i-Hacktivists iqala ukuqhutshwa kwe-Cyberattack Against Governments State State
- Idatha yomuntu siqu yabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.3 eMontana yaphulwa futhi yavezwa ngabaduni ngokusebenzisa uMnyango wezeMpilo yoMphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zezinsizakalo zabantu.
- Amakhompyutha e-computer eFerguson, eMissouri ahlaselwa ngokuhlaselwa yi-hacktivists ebona ukuthi ubani ohilelekile esithangamini samaphoyisa.
- Amahemuhemu okubandakanyeka kwamanye amazwe ukhetho lukaMongameli we-US alubandakanyi nje ukubandakanyeka kukahulumeni wangaphandle, kodwa izinhlangano ngabanye be-hacktivist bafuna ukwenza isitatimende esiqondile sezombangazwe. Lokhu kubandakanya i- WikiLeaks yokugcinwa kwe-imeyili yeDemocratic National Committee (DNC) nge-hacktivists engaziwa.
- Abaningi be-hacktivists basebenzela ngesinye isinye isikhathi ukuphikisana nalokho abakubonayo njengokungabi nabulungisa, kodwa kwabanye, ukubamba iqhaza kanye nenhlangano kubonakala kunengqondo ukuzinikeza izinsiza eziningi. Enye yezinhlangano ze-hacktivist eyaziwa kakhulu inethiwekhi evele ibizwa ngokuthi engaziwa, iqembu elithweswe umthwalo wemisebenzi eminingi ye-hacktivist engathandeki eminyakeni eminingi yamuva.
Indlela Yokuqapha Against Hacktivism
Ngenkathi kuzohlale kunengozi ukuthi abaduni be-savvy bazokwazi ukusebenzisa, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha. Lokhu okulandelayo yiziphakamiso ezingakusiza uhlale uphephile ngokumelene nezinhloso ezingadingeki kusuka kumthombo wangaphandle:
- Sebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwegciwane elihloniphekile kanye nohlelo lokuthola
- Hlola ama-akhawunti akho abukeka esidlangalaleni ku-Intanethi - lokhu kuhlanganisa i-imeyili, amawebhusayithi, imidiya yezenhlalo, amasayithi okudlulisa amafayela, njll.
- Qaphela ukuthi akukho nolunye ulwazi lwakho olubonakalayo olutholakala kuyi-intanethi (bheka ukuthi ungahlala kanjani uvikelekile ku-intanethi ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi)
- Buyekeza izinhlelo zakho nezinhlelo zokuzivikela njalo ukuze uqaphele izinsongo ezingase zibe khona
Ayikho indlela ehlulekayo yokulinda umuntu noma inhlangano ezimisele ukwenza umsebenzi we-hacktivist, kodwa kuwukuhlakanipha ukulungiselela okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ube nesu elivikelekile elivikelekile endaweni.