NAME
dig - DNS lookup Umbuso
SYNOPSIS
bamba [ @ iseva ] [ -b ikheli ] [ -c class ] [ -f filename ] [ -f filename ] [ -p port # ] [ -t uhlobo ] [ -x addr ] [ -wagama : ukhiye ] [ igama ] [ uhlobo ] [ isigaba ] [ queryopt ... ]
bamba [ -h ]
bamba [i- global-queryopt ... ] [ umbuzo ... ]
DESCRIPTION
ukumba (isizinda solwazi lwe-domain) kuyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo lokucwaninga amaseva wegama le-DNS. Yenza i-DNS lookups iphinde ibonise izimpendulo ezibuyiselwa kusuka kuma-server (ama) egama elibizwa ngalo. Iningi labaphathi be-DNS basebenzisa ukumba ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ze-DNS ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, kalula ukusetshenziswa nokucaca kokukhipha. Amanye amathuluzi wokubheka avame ukuba nokusebenza okuncane kunokumba .
Nakuba ukumba kusetshenziselwa ngeziphakamiso zomugqa womyalo, futhi kunendlela yokusebenza ye-batch yokufunda izicelo zokubheka kusuka efayeleni. Isifinyeto esifushane semibono yaso-line-command kanye nezinketho zinyatheliswa uma i -hh inketho inikezwa. Ngokungafani nezinguqulo zangaphambilini, ukuqaliswa kwe-BIND9 kokumba kuvumela ukuthi ama-lookups amaningi akhiphe kulayini lomyalo .
Ngaphandle kokuthi utshelwe ukuthi ufune igama leseva ethile, dig iyozama ngayinye yamaseva afakwe kuhlu /etc/resolv.conf .
Uma kungenjalo iziphakamiso zomugqa womyalo noma izinketho ezinikezwayo, izokwenza umbuzo we-NS othi "." (impande).
I-SIMPLE USAGE
Ukumemeza okujwayelekile kokumba kubonakala sengathi:
bamba uhlobo lwegama lesevalapho:
iseva
igama noma ikheli le-IP legama leseva kumbuzo. Lokhu kungaba ikheli le-IPv4 ekudalweni okuchaziwe ngamadayimenti noma ikheli le-IPv6 ekubonisweni kwekhaloni. Uma ukuphikisana kweseva kunikezwe igama lomsingisi, gcina izixazululo egama ngaphambi kokuqamba igama le-server. Uma kungenasiphakamiso sevava enikeziwe, bamba izingxoxo /etc/resolv.conf kanye nemibuzo ngamaseva egama abhalwe lapha. Impendulo evela kwiseva igama ephendulayo iboniswa.
igama
igama lerekhodi lomthombo okufanele libheke phezulu.
thayipha
ikhombisa uhlobo luni lombuzo oludingekayo --- ANY, A, MX, SIG, njll uhlobo kungaba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lombuzo ovumelekile. Uma kungekho ukuphikisana kohlobo olunikezwayo, ukumba kuzokwenza i-lookup yerekhodi A.
AMAKHONO
I-- b inketho ibeka ikheli le-IP yombuzo wombuzo ozobhekana nayo. Lokhu kumele kube yileli kheli elivumelekile kunkinye yezinhlaka zokuxhumana zenethiwekhi.
Isigaba sombuzo ozenzakalelayo (IN nge-intanethi) sinqwabelana yi-- c option. isigaba nanoma yisiphi isigaba esisebenzayo, njenge-HS yamarekhodi eHesiod noma i-CH yamarekhodi we-CHAOSNET.
I -f option yenza ukumba isebenze kwimodi ye-batch ngokufunda uhlu lwezicelo zokubheka ukucubungula kusuka efayeleni lefayela . Ifayela liqukethe imibuzo eminingi, eyodwa ngomugqa ngamunye. Ukungena ngakunye kufayili kumele kuhlelwe ngendlela efanayo ukuthi bazobekwa njengemibuzo yokumba usebenzisa i-interface-line yomyalo.
Uma inombolo ye-port engeyona ejwayelekile kufanele icelwe, i-- p inketho isetshenziswa. i-port # yinombolo ye-port embayo izothumela imibuzo yayo esikhundleni se-standard standard DNS port 53. Lolu khetho luzosetshenziselwa ukuhlola iseva igama elilungiselelwe ukuba lilalele imibuzo enombolweni engavamile.
I-inketho ibeka uhlobo lombuzo ozolithayipha . Kungaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lombuzo osebenzayo osekelwa ku-BIND9. Uhlobo lombuzo ozenzakalelayo "A", ngaphandle uma i-- x inketho ihlinzekwa ukukhombisa ukubuyela emuva. Ukudluliselwa kwendawo kungacelwa ngokucacisa uhlobo lwe-AXFR. Uma kudluliselwa indawo eyengeziwe (IXFR), uhlobo luhlelwe ku-ixfr = N. Ukudluliswa kwendawo okungeziwe kuyoba nezinguquko ezenziwe ku-zone kusukela inombolo ye-serial kwirekhodi ye-SOA yendawo ye- N .
Ukubuyisa okungahleliwe - amakheli ebalazwe ngamagama - alulawa yi-- x inketho. i-addr yilelikheli le-IPv4 ekudalweni okuchaziwe ngamadayimenti, noma ikheli le-IPv6 le-colon-delimited. Uma lolu khetho lisetshenzisiwe, asikho isidingo sokunikeza igama , isigaba bese uthayipha izingxabano. ukumba ngokuzenzekelayo kwenza i-lookup yegama elinjenge-11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa bese ubeka uhlobo lombuzo kanye nesigaba ku-PTR naku-IN ngokulandelana. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amakheli e-IPv6 abukwa phezulu besebenzisa i-IP6.ARPA domain namalebuli ebhanasi njengoba kuchazwe ku-RFC2874. Ukuze usebenzise indlela edala ye-RFC1886 usebenzisa i-IP6.INT domain kanye namalebula "we-nibble", cacisa inketho ye-- n (nibble).
Ukuze usayine imibuzo ye-DNS ethunyelwe ngokumba kanye nezimpendulo zabo besebenzisa amasayina okuthenga (TSIG), cacisa ifayela lekhiye le-TSIG usebenzisa inketho ye--k. Ungaphinda ucacise ukhiye we-TSIG ngokwawo emgqeni womyalo usebenzisa i-option; Igama ligama lekhiye le-TSIG kanti ukhiye uyisihluthulelo sangempela. Isihluthulelo isicingo esisekelwe ngaphansi-64, esakhiwe yi- dnssec-keygen (8). Ukuqapha kufanele kuthathwe uma usebenzisa i-inketho kuma-multi-user systems njengoba ukhiye ungabonakala ekuphumeni kusuka ku- ps (1) noma kufayili yomlando wegobolondo. Uma usebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-TSIG ngokumba, igama leseva elicatshangelwayo kudingeka likwazi ukhiye kanye ne-algorithm esetshenziswayo. E-BIND, lokhu kwenziwa ngokunikeza izitatimende eziyisihluthulelo ezifanele nezeseva ku- named.conf .
I-QUERY OPTIONS
ukumba kunika izinketho eziningi zombuzo ezithinta indlela okwenziwa ngalo ngayo futhi imiphumela ibonisiwe. Amanye alawa asetha noma asetha kabusha amabhitaki efulegi kumhlokweni wombuzo, abanye banquma ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zempendulo ezanyatheliswayo, kanti abanye banquma ukuphela kwesikhathi bese bazama amasu.
Inketho ngayinye yombuzo iboniswa igama elingukhiye elilandelwe isibonakaliso esengeziwe (+). Amanye amagama angukhiye asethe noma abuyele kabusha inketho. Lezi zingahle zilandelwe yizintambo hhayi ukungahambisani nalokho okushiwo leli gama elingukhiye. Amanye amagama angukhiye anika amanani ezinketho njengekhefu lokuhamba kwesikhathi. Unayo ifomu + elingukhiye = inani . Izinketho zombuzo ziyi:
+ akukho tcp
Sebenzisa [ungasebenzisi] i-TCP uma uhlaziya amaseva wamagama. Ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo ukusebenzisa i-UDP ngaphandle uma kudingwa umbuzo we-AXFR noma we-IXFR, uma kwenzeka uxhumano lwe-TCP lisetshenziswa.
+ akekho vc
Sebenzisa [ungasebenzisi] i-TCP uma uhlaziya amaseva wamagama. Le syntax enye kuya ku- [akukho] tcp inikezwa ukuhambisana okulandelayo. I "vc" imelela "isifunda esivamile".
+ [cha] ungazinaki
Yeka i-truncation kuzimpendulo ze-UDP esikhundleni sokuzama futhi nge-TCP. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-TCP kwenziwa.
+ domain = somename
Setha uhlu lokusesha ukuthi luqukathe igama elilodwa le-domain, njengokungathi lichazwe kumyalo wesizinda ku /etc/resolv.conf , futhi unike amandla ukucubungula uhlu lwezingcingo njengokungathi ukhetho olunikeziwe.
+ akekho ukuseshwa
Sebenzisa [ungasebenzisi] uhlu lokusesha oluchazwe ohlwini lokusesha noma kwesizinda ku- resolv.conf (uma ikhona). Uhlu lokusesha alusetshenzisiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
+ akekho igama elibizayo
Ihlukumeziwe, iphathwe njengeyisimangalo se- [akukho] ukusesha
+ akekho obala
Le nketho ayenzi lutho. Ihlinzekwa ukuhambisana nezinguqulo ezindala zokumba lapho ibeka khona ifulegi elingaguquki lokuxazulula.
+ akekho i-adflag
Setha [ungabeki] i-AD (idatha yangempela) ebomeni. I-AD ithola okwamanje incazelo ejwayelekile kuphela kwizimpendulo, hhayi emibuzweni, kodwa ikhono lokusetha kancane embuzweni linikezelwa ukuphelela.
+ akukho cdflag
Setha [ungabeki] i-CD (ukuhlola ikhutshaziwe) ku-query. Lokhu kucela iseva ukuba ingenzi ukuqinisekiswa kwe-DNSSEC yezimpendulo.
+ akekho okuphindaphindiwe
Shintsha ukulungiselelwa kwe-RD (ukuphindaphinda okufunayo) kumbuzo. Le nto isethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, okusho ukuthi ukumba ngokujwayelekile kuthumela imibuzo ephindaphindiwe. Ukuvuselelwa kukhutshaziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo uma izinketho zombuzo we-nssearch noma + zokulandela umbuzo zisetshenziswa.
+ akekho othintana naye
Uma lolu khetho lubekwe, funda imizamo yokuthola amaseva egama eligunyaziwe wendawo equkethe igama elibhekwa phezulu bese ubonisa irekhodi le-SOA ukuthi isiphakeli segama ngalinye sinalo yendawo.
+ akukho okulandelanayo
Shintsha ukulandelela kwendlela yokudluliselwa kwamagama kusuka kumaseva egama lesipande igama elibhekwa phezulu. Ukulandelela kukhutshaziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma ukulandelela kunikwe amandla, ukumba kwenza imibuzo yokuphendula ukuxazulula igama elibhekwa phezulu. Kuzolandela ukuhanjiswa kusuka kumaseva wezimpande, kubonisa impendulo kusuka kuseva ngayinye eyayisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula ukubuka.
+ akukho [cmd]
iguqulela ukushicilelwa kokuphawula kokuqala emkhatsini wokukhipha okuvezwayo inguqulo yokumba kanye nezinketho zombuzo eziye zafakwa. Lawa mazwana ashicilelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
+ akukho okufushane
Nikeza impendulo enkulu. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuphrinta impendulo ngesimo se-verbose.
+ [cha] ukukhomba
Bonisa [noma ungabonisi] ikheli le-IP nenombolo ye-port eyanikeza impendulo uma inketho encane inikwe amandla. Uma izimpendulo zefomu ezifakiwe zicelwa, okuzenzakalelayo akumele kubonise ikheli lomthombo nenombolo ye-port yesiphakeli esinikeze impendulo.
+ akekho amazwana
Shintsha ukubukwa kwemigqa yokuphawula kokukhipha. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuphrinta amazwana.
+ azikho izibalo
Lolu khetho lombuzo lushintsha ukunyatheliswa kwezibalo: uma umbuzo wenziwa, ubukhulu bempendulo nokunye okunjalo. Ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo ukuphrinta izibalo zombuzo.
+ cha [q]
Phrinta [ungaphrinta] umbuzo njengoba uthunyelwa. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umbuzo awuphrintiwe.
+ akukho mbuzo
Phrinta [musa ukuphrinta] ingxenye yombuzo wombuzo lapho impendulo ibuyiselwa. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuphrinta isigaba sombuzo njengamazwana.
+ akukho mpendulo
Bonisa [ungabonisi] ingxenye yesiphendule yempendulo. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuyiveza.
+ akekho igunya
Bonisa [ungabonisi] ingxenye yesigungu sempendulo. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuyiveza.
+ akukho [okwengeziwe]
Bonisa [ungabonisi] isigaba esengeziwe sempendulo. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuyiveza.
+ akekho konke
Setha noma usule wonke amafulegi wokubonisa.
+ isikhathi = T
Isetha isikhathi sokuthola umbuzo kumasekhondi we- T . Isikhathi esizenzakalelayo siphume imizuzwana engu-5. Umzamo wokubeka i- T kuya ngaphansi kuka-1 kuzoholela ekuphumeni kombuzo wesigamu esingu-1 okusetshenzisiwe.
+ uzama = T
Isetha inombolo yezikhathi ukuzama ukuphendula imibuzo ye-UDP kwisiphakeli ku- T esikhundleni se-default, 3. Uma u- T engaphansi noma elingana no-zero, inani lezamehlo lizungeze ngokungafinyeleli ku-1.
+ i-dots = D
Setha inani lamachashazi okumele avele egameni kuD ukuze libhekwe njengeliphelele. Inani elizenzakalelayo yilokho okuchazwe besebenzisa isitatimende se- ndots ku /etc/resolv.conf , noma 1 uma kungekho sitatimende se-ndots sikhona. Amagama anamachashazi amancane ahunyushwa njengamagama ahlobene futhi azosesha ezizindeni ezifakwe ohlwini lokusesha noma kwesizinda ku /etc/resolv.conf .
+ bufsize = B
Setha usayizi we-buffer womlayezo womyalezo we-UDP okhangiswe usebenzisa i-EDNS0 kuya ku- B bytes. Ubukhulu obukhulu nobukhulu besibhuthini ngu-65535 no-0 ngokulandelana. Amanani angaphandle kwalolu hlu ahlanganisiwe noma aphansi ngokufanelekile.
+ akekho i-multiline
Amarekhodi okuphrinta njengamarekhodi e-SOA ku-verbose ifomethi ye-multi-line namazwana afundwa ngabantu. Okuzenzakalelayo ukuphrinta irekhodi ngalinye kulayini owodwa, ukwenza lula umshini wokuxoshwa komkhiqizo wokumba .
+ akekho ohlulekayo
Ungazami iseva elandelayo uma uthola i-SERVFAIL. Okuzenzakalelayo kungukuthi ungazami iseva elandelayo okuyinto ehamba phambili ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile kwe-stub resolver.
+ akukho ukuhlukumezeka
Ukuzama ukubonisa okuqukethwe kwemilayezo engalungile. Okuzenzakalelayo ukubonisa izimpendulo ezingalungile.
+ akukho [dnssec]
Icela amarekhodi e-DNSSEC athunyelwe ngokusetha kancane i-DNSSEC kancane (DO) kumrekhodi we-OPT engxenyeni eyengeziwe yombuzo.
IZIPHUMA ZEMALI
Ukuqaliswa kwe-BIND 9 kokumba imithombo isebenzisa imibuzo ecacile emgqeni womyalo (ngaphezu kokusekela inketho yefayela ye-batch). Ngayinye yale mibuzo ingahlinzekwa ngeqoqo layo lamaflegi, izinketho kanye nezinketho zombuzo.
Kule nkinga, ukuphikisana kombuzo ngamunye kubonisa umbuzo ngamunye ngaphakathi kwe-line-command syntax echazwe ngenhla. Ngamunye uqukethe noma yiziphi izinketho ezijwayelekile kanye namafulege, igama elimele libhekwe phezulu, uhlobo lombuzo ozithandayo kanye nesigaba nanoma yiziphi izinketho zombuzo okufanele zifakwe kulowo mbuzo.
Ikhethiwe lomhlaba wonke lokukhethwa kombuzo, okufanele lisetshenziswe kuyo yonke imibuzo, lingabuye linikezwe. Lezi zinketho zombuzo womhlaba wonke kufanele zilandele igama lokuqala, igama, uhlobo, izinketho, amafulegi, kanye nezinketho zombuzo ezinikezwe emgqeni wokulalelwayo. Noma yiziphi izinketho zombuzo womhlaba jikelele (ngaphandle kokukhethwa kwe + [akukho] cmd kungadluliselwa ngethenda ethile ethize yokukhethwa kombuzo. Ngokwesibonelo:
dig + qr www.isc.org noma iyiphi -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns + noqrikhombisa indlela ukumba okungasetshenziswa ngayo kusukela emgqeni wokulalela ukwenza izinketho ezintathu: umbuzo OYONKE we-www.isc.org, ukubuka okungafaniyo kwe-127.0.0.1 nombuzo werekhodi le-NS ye-isc.org. Inketho yombuzo womhlaba jikelele we- + qr isetshenziswa, ukuze ukumba kubonise umbuzo wokuqala okwenzelwe ukubuka ngamunye. Umbuzo wokugcina unenketho yendawo yombuzo we- noqr okusho ukuthi ukumba ngeke kuphrinta umbuzo wokuqala lapho ubheka amarekhodi e-NS ye-isc.org.
BONA FUTHI
( 1), okuthiwa (8), i- dnssec-keygen (8), i- RFC1035 .
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.
Izihloko ezihlobene