I-Windows Firewall
Ama-firewalls akuyona i-bullet yesiliva eyokuvikela kuzo zonke izinsongo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile izigubhu zomoya zigcina uhlelo lwakho luvikelekile nakakhulu. I-firewall ngeke ithole noma ivimbele izinsongo ezithile ngendlela uhlelo lwe-antivirus lwenza ngayo, futhi ngeke likuvimbele ekuchofozeni isixhumanisi kumyalezo we-imeyli we-phishing scam noma ekusebenzeni ifayela eliphethwe yisibungu. I-firewall imane igweme ukugeleza kwezimoto ukuya (nakwezinye izikhathi ukuphuma) ikhompyutha yakho ukuhlinzeka umugqa wokuzivikela ngezinhlelo noma abantu abangase bazame ukuxhuma kukhompyutha yakho ngaphandle kokuvuma kwakho.
I-Microsoft ifake i-firewall ohlelweni lwayo lwe-Windows okwesikhashana, kodwa, kuze kukhululwe i- Windows XP SP2 , ikhutshaziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi idinga ukuthi umsebenzisi azi ukuthi ikhona nokuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuyivula.
Uma usufaka i-Service Pack 2 ohlelweni lwe-Windows XP, iWindows Firewall inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ungafinyelela kuzilungiselelo ze-Windows Firewall ngokuchofoza isithonjana esincane sokuvikela eSyrayray engezansi kwesokudla kwesikrini bese uchofoza kwi- Windows Firewall ngezansi ngaphansi kwePhatha izilungiselelo zokuphepha zokuhamba . Ungachofoza futhi kwi- Windows Firewall ku- Panel Yokulawula .
I-Microsoft itusa ukuthi une-firewall efakwe, kodwa akudingeki ukuba ibe yi-firewall yabo. I-Windows ingathola ukuthi kukhona khona isofthiwe ye-firewall yomuntu siqu futhi izobona ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lusevikelwe uma ukhubaza iWindows Firewall. Uma ukhubaza iWindows Firewall ngaphandle kokuba ufake umlilo we-firewall we-third party Nokho, i-Windows Security Center izokwazisa ukuthi awuvikelwe futhi isithonjana esincane sokuzivikela sizophendulela.
Ukudala okungafani
Uma usebenzisa i-Windows Firewall, kungase kudingeke uyilungiselele ukuvumela ithrafikhi ethile. I-firewall, ngokuzenzakalelayo, izovimbela ithrafikhi engenayo engenayo futhi imide imizamo yezinhlelo zokuxhumana ne-inthanethi. Uma uchofoza kuthebhu ye- Exceptions , ungakwazi ukwengeza noma ukususa izinhlelo okufanele zivunyelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-firewall, noma ungakwazi ukuvula amathrekhi athile we-TCP / IP ukuze noma yikuphi ukuxhumana kulawo machweba kuzodluliselwa ku-firewall.
Ukuze ungeze uhlelo, ungachofoza u- Engeza Uhlelo ngaphansi kwethebhu yokungaphandle . Uhlu lwezinhlelo ezifakiwe ohlelweni luzovela, noma ungadlulisa amehlo kwefayela elithile eliphathekayo uma uhlelo olufunayo alukho ohlwini.
Ngaphansi kwefasitela lohlelo lokufaka kukhona inkinobho ebhalwe nge- Change Scope . Uma uchofoza kuleyo nkinobho, ungacacisa ukuthi yikuphi amakhompiyutha okufanele avunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-firewall exception. Ngamanye amazwi, ungase ufune ukuvumela uhlelo oluthile lokuxhumana ngeWindows Firewall yakho, kodwa kuphela namanye amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo hhayi i-intanethi. Shintsha i-Scope inikeza izinketho ezintathu. Ungakhetha ukuvumela okuhlukile kuzo zonke amakhompiyutha (kufaka phakathi i-inthanethi yomphakathi), kuphela amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo yenethiwekhi, noma ungacacisa amakheli athile e-IP kuphela ukuze avumele.
Ngaphansi kokukhetha kwe- Port , unikeza igama lokwehluka kwechweba futhi uhlonza inombolo ye-port ofuna ukwakha okuhlukile nokuthi ngabe i-TCP noma i-UDP port. Ungakwazi futhi ukulungisa ububanzi behlukile ngaphandle kokukhethwa okufanayo njengokungeniswa kohlelo lokwengeza.
Izilungiselelo ezithuthukile
Ithebhu yokugcina yokumisa i-Windows Firewall yiThuthukisiwe. Ngaphansi kwethebhu eyithuthukisiwe, i-Microsoft inikeza ukulawula okuqondile ngaphezulu kwe-firewall. Isigaba sokuqala sikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe noma ungenayo iWindows Firewall inikwe amandla ku-adaptha yenethiwekhi ngayinye noma uxhumano. Uma uchofoza inkinobho yezilungiselelo kulesi sigaba, ungachaza izinsizakalo ezithile, njenge-FTP, i-POP3 noma amasevisi weDeskithophu Ekude ukuze uxhumane nalolo xhumano lwenethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa i-firewall.
Isigaba sesibili uma ku- Security Logging . Uma unenkinga usebenzisa i-firewall noma umsolwa ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho ingase ihlaselwe, unganika amandla Ukungena Kwezokuphepha ku-firewall. Uma uchofoza inkinobho yezilungiselelo , ungakhetha ukungena ngemvume ulahle amaphakethe kanye / noma ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Ungaphinda uchaze ukuthi ufuna kuphi idatha yedokhumenti ukuze igcinwe bese usethe isayizi enkulu yefayela yedatha yelogi.
Isigaba esilandelayo sikuvumela ukuthi uchaze izilungiselelo ze- ICMP . I-ICMP (I-Internet Control Message Protocol) isetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhloso kanye nokuhlola iphutha kufaka phakathi imiyalo ye-PING ne-TRACERT. Ukuphendula izicelo ze-ICMP kungasetshenziswa futhi ukudala isimo sokuphika kwesevisi kwikhompyutha yakho noma ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nekhompyutha yakho. Ukuchofoza inkinobho yezilungiselelo ze-ICMP kukuvumela ukuba ucacise ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezokuxhumana ze-ICMP ozenzayo noma ongafuni iWindows Firewall yakho ivumele.
Ingxenye yokugcina yeThuthukisiwe ithebhu isigaba sezilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo . Uma wenze izinguquko futhi isistimu yakho ayisasebenzi futhi awukwazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi, ungahlala njalo kulesi sigaba njengesenzo sokugcina bese uchofoze ubuyekeze izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo ukuze usethe kabusha iWindows Firewall yakho eyodwa.
Inothi lomhleli: Lesi sihloko sokuqukethwe sefa sasibuyekezwa ngu-Andy O'Donnell