Ukwakha inethiwekhi yendawo okukufanele wena
Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha webhizinisi lasekhaya namancane angakhiwa esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncingo noma obungenantambo. I-Wired Ethernet bekulokhu okukhethwa kwendabuko emakhaya, kodwa i- Wi-Fi nezinye izinketho ezingenazintambo zifinyelela ngokushesha. Zombili zixhunyiwe futhi zingenazintambo zingakwazi ukuthola izinzuzo ngaphezu komunye nomunye; Zombili zimelela izinketho ezifanele zekhaya namanye amanethiwekhi wendawo wendawo (i-LANs) .
Ngezansi siqhathanisa inethiwekhi yocingo nenethiwekhi ezindaweni ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:
- kulula ukufakwa
- izindleko eziphelele
- ukuthembeka
- ukusebenza
- ukuphepha
Mayelana nama-LAN we-Wired
Ama-LAN aphikisiwe asebenzisa izintambo ze-Ethernet nama- adapters wenethiwekhi. Nakuba amakhomphyutha amabili angabhanjiswa ngokuqondile komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet crossover , ama-LAN aphikisiwe ngokuvamile afuna amadivaysi aphakathi nendawo njengama- hubs , ama- switches , noma ama-routers ukuze afake amakhomphyutha amaningi.
Ukuze uxhumano lwe-dial-up ku-intanethi, ikhompiyutha eyabamba i- modem kufanele isebenze ukwabelana nge-Inthanethi noma isofthiwe efanayo ukuze wabelane ngokuxhumana nabo bonke amanye amakhompyutha ku-LAN. Ama-router Broadband avumela ukwabelana okulula kwe-modem yekhebula noma uxhumano lwe- DSL lwe- intanethi , futhi bavame ukufaka ukusekelwa kwe- firewall ngaphakathi.
Ukufaka
Amakhodi e-Ethernet kufanele asebenze esuka kukhompyutha ngayinye kwenye ikhompyutha noma kudivayisi ephakathi. Kungaba isikhathi esiningi futhi kunzima ukuqhuba izintambo phansi noma ngezindonga, ikakhulukazi uma amakhompiyutha ahlala emakamelweni ahlukene.
Amanye amakhaya amasha aphethwe ngaphambili ngekhebula le- CAT5 , elula kakhulu inqubo yeklabhu nokunciphisa ukugijima kwekhebula elingabonakali.
Ukulungiswa kweklabhu elungile ye-LAN enezintambo kuncike kuye ngokuxuba kwamadivaysi, uhlobo lwe- inthanethi , nokuthi kungabe kusetshenziswe imodemu yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle. Noma kunjalo, ayikho yalezi zinketho ezenza kube nzima kunokuba, ngokwesibonelo, i-wiring uhlelo lokudlala yaseshashalazini .
Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-hardware, izinyathelo ezisele ekulungiseleleni ama-LAN azintambo noma ezingenantambo azifani kakhulu. Bobabili bathembele ku- Inthanethi ye-Protocol Ejwayelekile kanye nezinketho zokucushwa kwesistimu yokusebenza . Ama-laptops namanye amadivaysi aphathekayo avame ukujabulela ukuhamba okukhulu ekufakweni kwenethiwekhi ye-wireless (okungenani uma nje amabhethri avumela).
Izindleko
Amakhodi e-Ethernet, ama-hubs, nokushintshwa akubizi kakhulu. Amanye amaphakheji wesofthiwe yokwabelana ngokuxhumeka, njenge-ICS, akhululekile; ezinye zibiza imali yokubiza. Ama-router Broadband abiza okungaphezulu, kodwa lezi zingxenye ezizikhethela ze-LAN enezintambo, futhi izindleko zabo eziphakeme zihlehlisiwe ngenzuzo yokufakwa okulula nezici zokuvikela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ukuthembeka
Amakhodi e-Ethernet, ama-hubs, nokushintshwa kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba abakhiqizi bebelokhu bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Izintambo ezilahlekile cishe zihlala ziwumthombo owodwa ovame kakhulu futhi ocasulayo wokuhluleka kwinethiwekhi ethintekayo. Uma ufaka i-LAN enezintambo noma uhambisa noma yiziphi izingxenye kamuva, qiniseka ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela ukuxhumeka kwekhebula .
Ama-router Broadband nawo ahlupheka ngezinkinga ezithile ezithembekile esikhathini esidlule. Ngokungafani nezinye izingxenye ze-Ethernet, le mikhiqizo yindlela entsha, amadivayisi amaningi.
Ama-router Broadband asekhulile eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule futhi ukwethembeka kwabo kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu.
Ukusebenza
Ama-LAN aphikisiwe anikeza ukusebenza okuphakeme. Ukuxhumeka kwe-Ethernet yendabuko kunikeza ububanzi bomkhawulo we-10 Mbps kuphela, kodwa ubuchwepheshe be-Fast Ethernet eyi-100 Mbps bubiza kancane futhi buyatholakala kalula. Nakuba i-100 Mbps imelela ukusebenza okuphezulu okungavunyelwanga ngokwenzayo, i-Fast Ethernet kufanele iwanele ukwabelana ngefayili ekhaya , ukugembula, nokufinyelela kwe-intanethi esheshayo iminyaka eminingi esikhathini esizayo.
Ama-LAN anezintambo esebenzisa ama-hubs angakwazi ukubhebheka kokusebenza uma amakhompiyutha asebenzisa kakhulu inethiwekhi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Sebenzisa ukushintsha kwe-Ethernet esikhundleni se-hubs ukugwema le nkinga; inkinobho idinga okungaphezulu nje kwehabhu.
Ukuphepha
Noma yiliphi i-LAN enezintambo ezixhunyiwe ku-intanethi, izigubhu zezibhamu yiyona yokucutshungulwa okuyinhloko kokuphepha. I-Wired Ethernet hubs kanye noshintsho ayisekeli izibhamu. Noma kunjalo, imikhiqizo ye-firewall yesofthiwe efana ne- ZoneAlarm ingafakwa kuma-computer ngokwawo. Ama-router Broadband anikezela ngokulingana kwe- firewall amandla akhiwe kudivayisi, okulungisekayo ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yayo.
Mayelana nama-LAN angenantambo
Ubuchwepheshe obudume kakhulu be-WLAN bulandela enye yezingqinamba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuxhumana ze -Wi-Fi . Izinzuzo zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo zixhomeke ekusebenziseni okujwayelekile:
- I-802.11b yayiyisilinganiso sokuqala esingasetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-WLAN.
- Isilinganiso se- 802.11a sisheshe kodwa sabiza ngaphezu kuka-802.11b; I-802.11a ivame ukutholakala kumanethiwekhi webhizinisi.
- I-standard standard, i- 802.11g , imizamo yokuhlanganisa okungcono kakhulu kokubili okungu-802.11a no-802.11b, nakuba nayo iningi lokuncintisana kwenethiwekhi ekhaya.
Ukufaka
Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi angalungiswa ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene:
- Imodi ye-Ad-hoc ivumela amadivaysi angenantambo ukuba axhumane kwimodi yontanga kuya kweyodwa.
- Imodi ye-Infrastructure "ivumela amadivaysi angenantambo ukuthi axhumane node yangaphakathi engakwazi ukuxhumana nama-node wired kwi-LAN.
Ama-LAN amaningi adinga imodi yengqalasizinda ukufinyelela i-inthanethi, iphrinta yendawo , noma ezinye izinsizakalo zensimbi, kanti i- ad hoc mode isekela kuphela ukwabiwa kwefayela eyisisekelo phakathi kwamadivayisi angenantambo .
Zombili izindlela ze-Wi-Fi zidinga i-adapters yenethiwekhi engenantambo, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi amakhadi we-WLAN. Imodi yengqalasizinda ama-WLAN adinga ngaphezu kwedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi iphuzu lokufinyelela . Indawo yokufinyelela kufanele ifakwe endaweni ephakathi lapho izimpawu zomsakazo ezingenantambo zingayifinyelela khona ngokuphazamiseka okuncane. Nakuba izimpawu ze-Wi-Fi zivame ukufika ngamamitha angu-30 noma ngaphezulu, izivimbelo njengezindonga zinganciphisa kakhulu uhla lwazo.
Izindleko
Igeyimu engenantambo ibiza okungenani kakhulu kunezinto ezilinganayo ze-Ethernet ezixhunyiwe.
Ngamanani athengisa ngokugcwele, amashintshi angenawaya namaphoyinti okufinyelela angadla izikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ngokuphindaphindiwe njenge- adapter yekhebula ye-Ethernet kanye nama-hubs / ukushintsha, ngokulandelana. Imikhiqizo engu-802.11b iye yehla ngentengo enkulu ngokukhululwa kwama-802.11g, futhi kusobala ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezokuthengisa kungatholakala uma abathengi bephikelela.
Ukuthembeka
Ama-LAN angenantambo ahlangabezana nezinkinga ezimbalwa zokuthembeka kunama-LAN anezintambo, nakuba mhlawumbe akwanele ukuba abe nokukhathazeka okuphawulekayo. Ama-802.11b no-802.11g amasignali angenantambo angaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwezinye izinto zikagesi ezihlanganisa ama-oven microwave, amakholi angenazintambo kanye namavuli emnyango wegaraji. Ngokufakwa ngokucophelela, amathuba okuphazamiseka angancishiswa.
Imikhiqizo yokuxhumana engaxhunyiwe engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engxenyeni engenazintambo, ikakhulukazi leyo esebenzisa 802.11g Njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthathe isikhathi sokuba le mikhiqizo ikhule.
Ukusebenza
Ama-LAN angenantambo usebenzisa ukusekelwa kwe-802.11b okungaphezulu kwe-bandwidth yama-11 Mbps, okufana nekadala, i-Ethernet yendabuko. Ama-WLAN angu- 802.11a no-802.11g asekela ama- 54 Mbps , okungaba ingxenye engxenyeni ye-bandwidth ye-Fast Ethernet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi kubonakala kude, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza okuphezulu kuzoncika kumakhompyutha kude nendawo yokufinyelela noma elinye iphuzu lokuxhumana. Njengoba amadivaysi angenantambo angaphezulu asebenzisa kakhulu i-WLAN, ukusebenza kuyadala ngisho nakakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-802.11a no-802.11g kwanele ukwabelana nge-inthanethi ekhaya nokwabelana ngefayela , kodwa ngokuvamile akwanele ukudlala kwe-LAN ekhaya.
Ukuhamba okukhulu kwama-LAN angenazintambo kusiza ukucisha ukukhubazeka kokusebenza. Amakhompyutha weselula akudingeki ahlanganiswe nekhebula le-Ethernet futhi angahamba ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kwe-WLAN range. Kodwa-ke, amakhompi amaningi asekhaya angamodeli amakhulu amakhulu edeskithophu, ngisho namakhompyutha ephathekayo kufanele ngezinye izikhathi ahlangane nentambo kagesi kanye nokuphuma kwamandla. Lokhu kwehlisa amathuba okuhamba ngokuhamba kwama-WLAN emakhaya amaningi.
Ukuphepha
Ngokwe-inory, ama-LAN angenantambo angaphephile kancane kunama-LAN anezintambo, ngoba izimpawu zokuxhumana ezingenantambo zihamba emoyeni futhi zingasetshenziswa kalula. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphuzu labo, onjiniyela abathile baye bathuthukisa umkhuba wokugada , okuhilela ukuhamba endaweni yokuhlala enezinsiza ze-Wi-Fi ukuskena ama-airwaves we-WLAN engavimbelwe.
Ngokwe-balance, noma kunjalo, ubuthakathaka bokuphepha okungenazintambo buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokusebenza. Ama-WLAN avikela idatha yawo ngokusebenzisa izinga lokubethela le- Wired Equivalent Ubumfihlo (WEP) , okwenza ukuxhumana okungenantambo kungabhekwa njengokuphephile njengamakhompuyutha emakhaya.
Ayikho inethiwekhi yekhompyutha evikelekile ngokuphelele futhi abaninikhaya kufanele bacwaninge ngalesi sihloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayazi futhi bakhululekile ngezingozi. Ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwezokuphepha kubanikazi bendawo akuvumi ukuhlotshaniswa ukuthi inethiwekhi iyasebenza noma ayizintambo kodwa kunalokho iqinisekisa:
- I-firewall ye-intanethi yekhaya ihlelwe kahle
- umndeni ujwayele ingozi ye-intanethi "i-spoof imeyili" nendlela yokuzibona
- umndeni ujwayelene nomqondo we "spyware" nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani
- ababysitters, abanikazi bezindlu, nezinye izivakashi abanalo ukufinyelela okungafuneki kunethiwekhi
Isiphetho
Ufunde ukuhlaziywa futhi ulungele ukwenza isinqumo sakho. Ngaphansi, ke, yikuphi okungcono - okuyi-wired noma engenantambo? Ithebula elingezansi lifingqa izindlela eziyinhloko esizicabangile kulesi sihloko. Uma unake kakhulu izindleko, udinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwesistimu yakho yasekhaya, futhi ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngokuhamba, khona-ke i- Ethernet LAN ene- wired cishe ikulungele wena.
Uma ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zingaphansi kwenkinga, uthanda ukuba ngumuntu oqala ukuqala ubuchwepheshe obunqamula phambili, futhi ukhathazeke ngempela ngomsebenzi wokubamba ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi elincane ngekhebula le-Ethernet, ngakho kufanele ucabangele i-LAN engenantambo.
Iningi lenu lizowela ngokwemvelo phakathi kwalezi ziqili ezimbili. Uma ungakapheli, cabanga ngokucela abangane nomndeni ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ekwakheni i-LANs. Futhi, sebenzisa amaminithi ambalwa nje ngeThuluzi le- Home Network Advisor lethu elihlangene . Kufanele kukusize uthathe isinqumo ngohlobo lwenethiwekhi kanye negesi ozolifuna.
Zama: Umeluleki Wenethiwekhi Yasekhaya
Wired vs Wireless
| Wired | Okungenantambo | |
| Ukufaka | ubunzima bokulinganisela | kulula, kodwa qaphela ukuphazamiseka |
| Izindleko | Ngaphansi | Okuningi |
| Ukuthembeka | phezulu | ephakeme kakhulu |
| Ukusebenza | kuhle kakhulu | kuhle |
| Ukuphepha | kuhle kahle | kuhle kahle |
| Ukuhamba | kunqunyelwe | evelele |