Isifundo: Indlela Yokwakha Inethiwekhi Yasekhaya Engenantambo

by UBradley Mitchell

Isingeniso kumanethiwekhi wekhompyutha angenantambo

Lesi sihloko sizokuqondisa ngenqubo yokuhlela, ukwakha, nokuhlola inethiwekhi yocingo engenantambo . Nakuba inethiwekhi engenazintambo ezingenantambo yenze iminyango emangalisayo eminyakeni eminingi, ubuchwepheshe obungenazintambo kanye nesigama samagama kuqhubeka kunzima kakhulu iningi lethu ukuliqonda. Le mhlahlandlela izosiza abasebenzisi bezinkampani ezincane, futhi!

Yakha i-LAN engenantambo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ungakha noma iyiphi inethiwekhi ye-wireless yasekhaya engajwayelekile, i- LAN engenantambo (i-WLAN) , usebenzisa le ndlela elula emithathu:

1. Thola i-design ye-WLAN engcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.
2. Khetha i-gear engenawo amahle.
3. Faka gear uphinde uhlole i-WLAN ehleliwe.

Ngizodiliza ngayinye yalezi zinyathelo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukulungele ukuhamba okungenantambo?

Lesi sihloko sithatha ukuthi usuvele wenze isinqumo esinolwazi sokuhamba ngaphandle kwezingcingo kunokuba ukhethe inethiwekhi yendawo yamakhompyutha. Amanani asehlile ngokuphawulekayo kusukela eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, lapho izinto ezingenazintambo zingabizi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuxhumana kwe-hardware kuyithengeka kakhulu manje, kodwa amanethiwekhi angenantambo namanje awawona wonke umuntu (okwamanje). Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi i-wireless izohlangabezana nezidingo zakho ngokuqinisekile uhlolisise amakhono ahlukile wokunquma okulungile kuwe.

Izinzuzo zezingenantambo

Izinsiza ezingenazintambo zinikeza izinzuzo ezibonakalayo phezu kwenethiwekhi yocingo yocingo. Uke wazama ukubuka ngokushesha iresiphi ku-Net ngenkathi upheka ekhishini? Ingabe izingane zidinga ikhompyutha ehlanganisiwe ekamelweni layo emisebenzini yesikole? Uke waphupha ngokuthumela i-imeyili, umlayezo osheshayo , noma ukudlala imidlalo ngenkathi ukhulula ekhadini lakho langaphandle? Lezi ezinye zezinto ezingenantambo ezingakwenzela zona:

Stop Next - Terminology

Insimu yokuxhumana kwekhompuyutha yahlala isikhala esizindeni sama-techies. Abakhiqizi bezinsimbi, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, kanye nabachwepheshe abacwaninga insimu yokuxhumana bavame ukuhamba kakhulu kakhulu kwi-technical jargon. Imikhakha yokuxhumana engenazintambo iyathuthuka kancane kancane kulelifa, okwenza imikhiqizo ingabi nabathengi futhi ibe lula ukuyihlanganisa ekhaya. Kodwa kusekhona umsebenzi omningi wemboni okufanele uyenze. Ake sibheke ngokushesha kwi-jargon evamile yenethiwekhi ye-wireless ekhaya nokuthi kusho ukuthini.

Uma ucwaninga imishini engenazintambo ukuthenga, noma ukukhuluma ngezinethiwekhi ezingenantambo nabangani nomndeni, kufanele ube nokuqonda okuqinile kwaleli gama elisisekelo.

Kuyini i-WLAN?

Sisevele sisho ukuthi i-WLAN iyi-network evamile engenantambo yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-WLAN iyi- LAN engenantambo, futhi i-LAN iyiqembu elihlobene lamakhompyutha axhunyiwe axhumene eduze komunye nomunye. Ama-LAN angatholakala emakhaya amaningi, ezikoleni nakwamabhizinisi. Yize kungenzeka ngokusemandleni ukuba ube ne-LAN engaphezu kweyodwa ekhaya lakho, bambalwa lokhu okusebenzayo. Kulesi sifundo, sichaza indlela yokwakha i-WLAN ejwayelekile yekhaya lakho.

Iyini i-Wi-Fi?

I-Wi-Fi yigama lemboni elisetshenziselwa ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yokuxhumana engenantambo. Uzothola i-logo ye-Wi-Fi emnyama nomhlophe noma isibonakaliso sesitifiketi cishe noma iyiphi imishini entsha engenawaya oyithengayo . Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, i-Wi-Fi ibonisa ukuhambisana nomndeni wama-802.11 wamazinga wokuxhumana angenantambo (achazwe ngezansi). Kodwa ngoba wonke amakhemikhali wenethiwekhi ye-wireless ekhaya asebenzisa amazinga angu-802.11 namhlanje, ngokuyinhloko igama elithi "Wi-Fi" lihlukanisa kuphela izinto zokusebenza ezingenazintambo kusuka kwezinye iziteshi zenethiwekhi.

Iyini i-802.11a / 802.11b / 802.11g?

I-802.11a , i- 802.11b , no- 802.11g zimelela izindinganiso ezintathu zokuxhumana ezingenantambo ezingenantambo. Amanethiwekhi angenantambo angakhiwa esebenzisa noma yikuphi kulaba abathathu , kodwa i-802.11a ingaphansi kakhulu iyahambisana nabanye futhi ijwayele ukuba yindlela ebiza kakhulu esebenzayo kuphela ngamabhizinisi amakhulu.

Yini i-WEP, i-WPA ne-Wardriving?

Ukuvikeleka kwamanethiwekhi angenawaya namanethiwekhi amancane angabakhona kubakhathalela abaningi. Njengoba nje sisebenzisa iziteshi zomsakazo noma zethelevishini ukuze zifinyelele ekusakazweni kwesiteshi, cishe kulula ukuthola izisindo kusuka kunethiwekhi yasendaweni engenawaya eseduze. Ngokuqinisekile, ukuthengiswa kwekhadi lesikweletu kuwebhu kungase kuvikeleke, kodwa cabanga omakhelwane bakho bahlola yonke i-imeyili nomyalezo osheshayo oyithumelayo!

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, amanye ama-techies akhulisa umkhuba wokugcwala ukuqwashisa ngalokhu kubungozi kuma-WLAN. Ngosizo lwemishini eshibhile, imishini eyenziwe ekhaya, abakwa-wardrivers bahamba noma baxhunywe emadolobheni bebheka inethiwekhi yocingo engenantambo evela emakhaya aseduze. Abanye abagcini bezingcingo baze bangena amakhompyutha abo kumakhaya abantu abangabhekeleli ama-WLAN, ikakhulukazi ukweba imithombo yekhompyutha yamahhala nokufinyelela kwe-Inthanethi.

I-WEP yayiyingxenye ebalulekile yamanethiwekhi angenantambo ahloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabo. I-WEP igxuma (ukukhuluma ngekhono, ukubethela ) inethiwekhi yomthamo wezibalo ukuze amanye amakhompyutha aqonde, kepha abantu abakwazi ukukufunda. Ubuchwepheshe be-WEP bube budedengu iminyaka ethile futhi bubuyiselwe yi-WPA nezinye izinketho zokuphepha . I-WPA isiza ukuvikela i-WLAN yakho kuma-wardriver nakumakhelwane abanosizi, futhi nanamuhla, yonke imishini ethandwa yi-wireless iyayisekela. Ngenxa yokuthi i- WPA iyisici esingavulwa noma sokuvala, uzovele udingeke uqiniseke ukuthi ilungiselelwe kahle uma usetha inethiwekhi yakho.

Okulandelayo - Izinhlobo Zensiza Engenantambo

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zemishini etholakala kumanethiwekhi angenantambo angenawo:

Ezinye zalezi zixhobo zikhethwa ngokuya ngokucushwa kwenethiwekhi yakho. Ake sihlole uhlangothi ngalunye.

I-Adapter Yezintambo ezingenantambo

Idivayisi ngayinye oyifisa ukuxhuma ku-WLAN kufanele ibe ne-adapter yenethiwekhi engenazintambo. Ama-adapter angenantambo ngezinye izikhathi aphinde abizwa ngokuthi ama- NIC , afushane amaKhadi we-Network Interface. Ama-adapter angenantambo kuma-desktop computer ajwayelekile amakhadi amancane we- PCI noma ngezinye izikhathi amakheli e- USB afana nekhadi. Amaphakheji angenazintambo amakhompyutha wezincwadi ezifana nekhadi lesikweletu elikhulu. Nokho, namuhla, inani elikhulayo lama-adapter angenawo ama-computer alona amakhadi kodwa kunama-chips amancane afakiwe ngaphakathi kwe-notebook noma amakhompiyutha agcinwe.

Ama-adapter wenethiwekhi angenantambo aqukethe umsakazo womsakazo kanye nomamukeli (i-transceiver). Ama-transceivers angenantambo athumela futhi athola imiyalezo, ukuhumusha, ukufometha, futhi ngokujwayelekile ukuhlela ukugeleza kolwazi phakathi kwikhompyutha nenethiwekhi. Ukunquma ukuthi zingaki izixazululi zenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo ozidingayo ukuthenga yisinyathelo sokuqala esibucayi ekwakheni inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Hlola imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe zamakhompyutha wakho uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi aqukethe i-adapter ye-wireless eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Amaphuzu okufinyelela okungenantambo

Indawo yokufinyelela engenazintambo isebenza njengesiteshi sokuxhumana se-WLAN esiphakathi. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa iziteshi eziyisisekelo. Amaphoyinti okufinyelela afana namabhokisi amancane, alula futhi anezicucu zezibani ze LED ebusweni.

Amaphoyinti okufinyelela afaka i-LAN engenazintambo kwinethiwekhi ye- Ethernet esebenziwe ngaphambili. Abanethiwekhi bekhaya basekhaya bafaka indawo yokufinyelela lapho sebevele benalo roulette ebanzi futhi bafuna ukwengeza amakhompyutha angenawaya ekusethelweni kwamanje. Kumelwe usebenzise noma indawo yokufinyelela noma umzila ongenazintambo (ochazwe ngezansi) ukuze usebenzise inethiwekhi ye-hybrid yocingo / engenazintambo. Uma kungenjalo, cishe awudingi iphuzu lokufinyelela.

Ama-Routers angenantambo

I-router engenazintambo iyindawo yokufinyelela engenantambo eneminye imisebenzi eminingana ewusizo eyengeziwe. Njengama- routers wendiza ebanzi , ama-routers angenantambo nawo asekela ukuhlanganyela kwe-inthanethi futhi afaka ubuchwepheshe be-firewall yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ama-routers angenazintambo afana kakhulu namaphuzu okufinyelela.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yama-routers angenazintambo namaphoyinti okufinyeleleka ahluke . Ama-transceivers awo aqinile awakhiwe ahlelwe ukusabalalisa isignali engenamakhalekhukhwini kulo lonke ikhaya. I-WLAN ekhaya ene-router noma iphuzu lokufinyelela lingakwazi ukufinyelela kangcono amakamelo ekhoneni nasemagcekeni, isibonelo, ngaphezu kweyodwa. Ngendlela efanayo, amanethiwekhi angenantambo angenawo amakhaya ane-router noma ukusekela iphuzu lokufinyelela ukufinyelela kwamakhomphyutha amaningi kunelabo abangenawo. Njengoba sizobe sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma i-LAN yakho engenazintambo engenazintambo ihlanganisa router noma iphuzu lokufinyelela, kufanele ugijime wonke ama-adapter wenethiwekhi kumodi ebizwa ngokuthi ingqalasizinda ; uma kungenjalo kufanele bagijime kwimodi ye-ad hoc .

Ama-routers angenantambo angcono kakhulu kulabo abakha inethiwekhi yabo yokuqala yasekhaya . Bheka isihloko esilandelayo ngezibonelo ezinhle zemikhiqizo ye-wireless yamanethiwekhi ekhaya:

Ama-router angenantambo angama-802.11g wekhaya

Antennas ezingenantambo

Ama-adapter wenethiwekhi angenantambo, amaphuzu okufinyelela, kanye nomzila wonke usebenzisa i-antenna ukusiza ekutholeni izimpawu kwi-WLAN. Amanye ama-antenna angenantambo, afana nalawo ase-adapters, angaphakathi ngaphakathi kwunithi. Amanye ama-antennas, afana nalawo angaphezulu kwamaphoyinti okufinyelela, abonakala ngaphandle. Ama-antenna avamile athunyelwe ngemikhiqizo engenazintambo inikeza ukwamukela okwanele ezimweni eziningi, kodwa ungase futhi ufake ukufaka okukhethwa kukho, i-antenna ukuze uthuthukise ukwamukela. Ngokuvamile ngeke wazi ukuthi uzodinga le mishini kuze kube yilapho usuqedile ukusetha kabusha kwakho kwenethiwekhi.

Izinsiza zokungena ezingenantambo

Abanye abakhiqizi bamaphoyinti okufinyelela ezingenazintambo kanye nama-routers nabo bathengisa izinto ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-signal booster. Kufakwe ndawonye nge-wireless point or router, i-booster signal ikhulisa amandla wesiteshi sokusakaza esiteshini. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izithuthukisi zesignali kanye nama- add-antenna ndawonye, ukuthuthukisa kokubili ukuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi okungenazintambo kanye nokwamukelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Zombili ama-antenna nama-boosters wesignali angaba usizo olwengeziwe kwamanethiwekhi athile ngemuva kokuthi izinto eziyisisekelo zikhona. Bangakwazi ukuletha amakhompiyutha angaphandle kwe-WLAN, futhi angathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kwezinye izimo.

Ukulungiselelwa kwe-WLAN

Manje ukuthi uqonda kahle izingcezu ze-LAN engenantambo, sesikulungele ukuzibeka ngokuvumelana nezidingo zakho. Ungakhathazeki uma ungazange ulungiselele ukuhlela okwamanje; sizozihlanganisa wonke.

Ukwandisa inzuzo ezikhombisini ezingezansi, phendula izimpendulo zakho kule mibuzo elandelayo:

Ingabe ufuna ukunweba inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya enezintambo nge-WLAN, noma ingabe wenza inethiwekhi entsha ngokuphelele?
Mangaki amakhompiyutha angenawaya ohlela ukuxhumana nawo, futhi kuphi lapho ezoba khona ekhaya?
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizokwenza / uzozisebenzisa kumakhompyutha wakho anethiwekhi?
Ingabe udinga ukuhlanganyela uxhumano lwakho lwe-intanethi phakathi kwama-computer angenawaya? ungayisebenzisa kanjani enye le WLAN? Ukwabelana ngefayela ? Ukudlala kwenethiwekhi ?

Ukufaka i-Router engenantambo

I-router eyodwa engenantambo isekela i-WLAN eyodwa. Sebenzisa i-router engenantambo kwinethiwekhi yakho uma:

Uyakwakha inethiwekhi yakho yokuqala yasekhaya, noma
Ufuna ukwakha kabusha inethiwekhi yakho yasendlini ukuze ibe yi-wireless, noma
Ufuna ukugcina ukufakwa kwakho kwe-WLAN njengokulula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Zama ukufaka umzila wakho ongenazintambo endaweni ephakathi kwekhaya. Indlela inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi isebenza ngayo, amakhompiyutha aseduze nomzila (ngokuvamile ekamelweni elifanayo noma emgqeni wokubona) aqonde isivinini esingcono senethiwekhi kunokuba amakhompyutha aqhubeke kude.

Xhuma i-router engenantambo endaweni yokuphuma kwamandla futhi ngokuzithandela umthombo wokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi. Wonke ama-routers angenawaya asekela imodemu ye-broadband, nokunye ukuxhumeka koxhumo lwefoni ukuxhuma isevisi ye-Intanethi . Uma udinga ukwesekwa kwe-dial-up, qiniseka ukuthenga router ene port RS-232 serial . Okokugcina, ngoba ama-routers angenawaya aqukethe iphuzu lokufinyelela lokungena ngaphakathi, nawe ukhululekile ukuxhuma i-router yocingo, inkinobho , noma ihabhu .

Okulandelayo, khetha igama lakho lenethiwekhi . Ezingxenyeni ze-Wi-Fi, igama lenethiwekhi ngokuvamile libizwa nge- SSID . I-router yakho nawo wonke amakhompyutha e-WLAN kumele ahlanganyele SSID efanayo. Nakuba router yakho ithunyelwe ngegama elizenzakalelayo elibekwe umenzi, kungcono ukuliguqula izizathu zokuphepha. Bheka imibhalo yomkhiqizo ukuthola igama lenethiwekhi lomzila wakho ongenamakhalekhukhwini, futhi ulandele le seluleko jikelele ngokubeka i-SSID yakho .

Okokugcina, landela imibhalo yomzila ukuze unike amandla ukuphepha kwe-WEP, vula izici ze-firewall, bese usetha noma yimiphi imingcele ephakanyisiwe.

Ukufaka i-Wireless Access Point

Enye ye-wireless point iphutha isekela i-WLAN eyodwa. Sebenzisa iphuzu lokufinyelela elingenazintambo kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya uma:

Awudingi izici ezengeziwe i-router engenantambo inikeza futhi
Ukwandisa inethiwekhi yasendlini ye-Ethernet yocingo, noma
Unayo (noma uhlela ukuba nayo) amakhompiyutha amane noma ngaphezulu angenawaya ahlakazekile kulo lonke ikhaya.

Faka indawo yakho yokufinyelela endaweni ephakathi, uma kungenzeka. Amandla axhumene noxhumano lwe-Inthanethi lwe-dial-up, uma lifiswa. Futhi faka indawo yokufinyelela ku-router yakho ye-LAN, shintsha noma ihabhu.

Ngeke ube ne-firewall ukulungisa, yebo, kodwa kufanele usabe igama lenethiwekhi futhi unike amandla i-WEP endaweni yokufinyelela yakho kulesi sigaba.

Ilungiselela ama-Adaptha engenantambo

Lungiselela i-adapters yakho ngemuva kokusetha i-router engenantambo noma iphuzu lokufinyelela (uma unayo). Faka i-adapters kumakhompyutha wakho njengoba kuchazwa emadokhumenti yomkhiqizo wakho. Ama-adapter we-Wi-Fi adinga ukuthi i- TCP / IP ifakwe kwikhompyutha yesitoreji.

Abakhiqizi ngamunye banikela ngamasevisi okulungisa amakheli abo. Kuhlelo lwe - Windows , isibonelo, ama-adapters ngokuvamile ane-graphical interface yomsebenzisi (i-GUI) efinyeleleka kusuka ku-Start Menu noma ibha yomsebenti ngemuva kokuthi ifakwe i-hardware. Nakhu lapho ubeka khona igama lenethiwekhi (SSID) bese uvule i-WEP. Ungase futhi usethe amanye amapharamitha njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni esilandelayo. Khumbula, wonke ama-adapter akho angenawaya kumele asebenzise izilungiselelo ezifanayo zamaphamera ukuze i-WLAN yakho isebenze kahle.

Ilungiselela i-Ad-Hoc Home WLAN

Yonke i-adaptha ye-Wi-Fi idinga ukuthi ukhethe phakathi kwimodi yengqalasizinda (ebizwa ngokuthi imodi yokufinyelela yokungena kumathuluzi amalungiselelo amancane) nemodi engenazintambo (i- peer-to-peer ) imodi. Uma usebenzisa iphuzu lokufinyelela elingenazintambo noma router, setha zonke i-adaptha engenawaya kwimodi yesikhungo. Kulo modi, i-adapters engenantambo iyakuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo bese isetha inombolo yabo yesiteshi se-WLAN ukufanisa iphuzu lokufinyelela (router).

Ngaphandle kwalokho, setha wonke amathemputha angenantambo ukusebenzisa imodi ye-ad hoc. Uma unika amandla le medi, uzobona ukulungiselelwa okuhlukile kwenombolo yesiteshi . Wonke ama-adapter ku-LAN yakho engenazintambo ezingenazintambo adinga izinombolo ezifanayo zesiteshi.

Ikhaya le-ad hoc Ukulungiselelwa kwe-WLAN kusebenza kahle emakhaya ngamakhomphyutha ambalwa asondelene kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa futhi lokhu kulungiselelwa njengenketho ye-fallback uma iphuzu lakho lokufinyelela noma i-router iphuka.

Ukuhlela ukwabelana nge-Software Internet Connection

Njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo, ungahlanganyela uxhumano lwe-Intanethi kunethiwekhi ye-wireless ye-ad hoc. Ukwenza lokhu, khetha eyodwa yamakhompiyutha wakho njengomphathi (ngokuphumelelayo esikhundleni somshini). Le khompuyutha izogcina ukuxhumeka kwe-modem futhi kufanele ngokucacile ifakwe amandla kunoma yikuphi inethiwekhi isetshenziswa. I-Microsoft Windows inikeza isici esibizwa nge- Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) esebenza nama-WLAN ad ad.

Manje ake sihlanganise amanye amaphuzu amahle okudingayo ukwazi ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo asekhaya.

Ukungaxhunywanga okungenazintambo ngaphakathi kwekhaya

Uma ufaka umzila we-Wi-Fi (noma iphuzu lokufinyelela), qaphela ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kusuka kwezinye izinto zokusebenza zasekhaya. Ngokukhethekile, ungafaki i-unit engamakhilomitha amathathu kuya kwangu-1-3 ukusuka kuhhavini ye-microwave. Eminye imithombo evamile yokuphazamiseka okungenazintambo yizingcingo ezingenazintambo ezingu-2.4 GHz, abagadi bezingane, ama-openers door door, namanye amadivaysi ezenzakalelayo ekhaya .

Uma uhlala endlini enezindonga zezitini noma ze-plaster, noma enye enezinsimbi zokwakha, ungase uhlangabezane nobunzima ukugcina isignali enamandla phakathi kwamakamelo. I-Wi-Fi iklanyelwe ukusekela ibanga lesignali kuze kube ngamamitha angaba ngu-100, kodwa izithiyo ezingokwenyama zinciphisa lobu bubanzi ngokubanzi. Ukuxhumana konke okungu-802.11 (802.11a kanye nezinye iziteshi ze-5 GHz ezingaphezu kuka 2.4 GHz) kuthinteka yizivimbelo; gcina lokhu engqondweni uma ufaka amadivayisi wakho.

Ukungaxhunyiwe okungaxhunyiwe kwi-Routers / Access Point kusuka ngaphandle

Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, akuyona into engavamile ngamasignali angenawaya kusuka kunethiwekhi yomuntu oyedwa ukungenelela ekhaya elingumakhelwane futhi liphazamise inethiwekhi yabo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma zombili imindeni ibeka iziteshi zokuxhumana eziphikisanayo. Ngenhlanhla, uma uhlela i-router (iphuzu lokufinyelela), unga (ngaphandle kwalabo abambalwa) ushintshe inombolo yesiteshi eqashwe.

E-United States, isibonelo, ungakhetha noma iyiphi inombolo yesiteshi se-Wi-Fi phakathi kuka-1 no-11. Uma uhlangabezana nokuphazanyiswa komakhelwane, kufanele uhlele izilungiselelo zesiteshi nazo. Ukusebenzisa izinombolo ezahlukene zesiteshi ngeke kuxazululwe ngaso sonke isikhathi inkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma zombili izinhlangano zisebenzisa enye yezinombolo zesiteshi 1, 6 noma 11 , lokho kuzoqinisekisa ukuqedwa kwe-cross-network interference.

Ukuhlunga ikheli le-MAC

Ama-routers amasha angenawo amasha (amaphuzu okufinyelela) asekela isici esiphephile esiphezulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlunga ikheli le- MAC . Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ubhalise amashintshi angenazintambo nge-router yakho (iphuzu lokufinyelela) bese ucindezela i-unit ukulahla ukuxhumana kusuka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi engenantambo engekho ohlwini lwakho. Ukuhlunga ikheli le-MAC kuhlangene nokubethela okunamandla kwe-Wi-Fi (mhlawumbe i- WPA2 noma okungcono) kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle kakhulu kokuvikeleka.

Amaphrofayela akwa-Adapter angenantambo

Ama-adapter amaningi angenantambo asekela isici esibizwa ngamaphrofayela evumela ukuthi uhlele futhi ugcine ukulungiselelwa okuningi kwe-WLAN. Isibonelo, ungakha ukulungiswa kwe-ad hoc ye-WLAN yakho yasekhaya kanye nokwakhiwa kwemodi yengqalasizinda ehhovisi lakho, bese ushintsha phakathi kwamaphrofayela amabili njengoba kudingeka. Ngincoma ukubeka amaphrofayili kunoma yimaphi amakhompyutha ohlela ukuhambisa phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kanye nezinye i-WLAN; isikhathi osichitha manje sizosindisa isikhathi esiningi nokuhlukumeza kamuva.

Ukuphepha okungenantambo

Phakathi kwezinketho ozothola ukuvuselela ukuphepha okungenazintambo kumanethiwekhi asekhaya, i- WPA2 ibhekwa kangcono. Amanye gear angeke akwazi ukusekela lelizinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa, noma kunjalo. I-WPA evamile isebenza kahle kumanethiwekhi amanengi futhi iyindlela ehlukile yokuwa kwe-WPA2. Zama ukugwema ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obudala be-WEP noma kunini uma kungenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa okugcina. I-WEP isiza ukuvimbela abantu abavamile ukuba bangene ngemvume kwinethiwekhi yakho kodwa banikeza ukuvikelwa okuncane ngokumelene nabahlaseli.

Ukuze usethe ukuphepha okungenazintambo, khetha indlela futhi unikeze inombolo yocingo ende ebizwa ngokuthi ukhiye noma umbhalo wesigcawu ku-router nawo wonke amadivayisi wakho. Ukufanisa izilungiselelo zokuphepha kumele kulungiselelwe kokubili i-router kanye nedivayisi yekhasimende ukuze uxhumano olungenantambo lusebenze. Gcina imfihlo yakho ye-passphrase, njengoba abanye bengakwazi ukujoyina kalula inethiwekhi yakho uma bekwazi ikhodi.

Amathiphu Okujwayelekile

Uma usuqedile ukufaka izingxenye, kodwa inethiwekhi yakho yasendlini ayisebenzi kahle, ingcindezi ngokuzenzakalelayo:

Ayikwazi ukufinyelela i-Intanethi? Vala okwesikhashana i-firewall yakho ukuthola ukuthi unenkinga yokulungisa umlilo, noma enye inkinga. Okuningi - Ayikwazi Ukuxhumeka ku-inthanethi?
Ngokufanayo, vula futhi uhlole amashintshi akho angenantambo ngamunye, ukucacisa ukuthi izinkinga zihlukaniswe nekhompyutha eyodwa noma evamile kubo bonke.
Zama ukucushwa kwe-wireless hoc uma ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana inethiwekhi ingasebenzi, futhi mhlawumbe uzobona inkinga ngephuzu lakho lokufinyelela noma router
Ukukusiza ukuthi usebenze ngokwemiso, njengoba uwakha inethiwekhi yakho, bhala ephepheni izilungiselelo eziyinhloko njengegama lenethiwekhi, ukhiye wokuphepha noma i-passphrase, amakheli we-MAC, nezinombolo zesiteshi se-Wi-Fi (bese udla ubufakazi kamuva!).
Ungakhathazeki ngokwenza amaphutha; ungabuyela emuva futhi ushintshe noma yiziphi izilungiselelo zakho ze-WLAN noma kunini

Okokugcina, ungamangali uma ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yakho kungavumelani nezinombolo ezicashunwe ngabakhiqizi bemishini. Isibonelo, nakuba imishini engu-802.11g isekela ngobuchwepheshe be-bandwidth engu-54 Mbps , okungukuthi isiphezulu sezinkolelo asizange sithole ngokusebenza. Inani elibalulekile le-bandwidth yenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi lidliwa yinhloko ongakwazi ukuyilawula. Lindela ukuze ubone okungaphezu kwesigamu se-bandwidth esiphezulu (cishe okungama-20 Mbps okungaphezulu kwesixhumanisi esingu-54 Mbps) kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya.