Sebenzisa amamephu we-topo uma udinga ukwazi ukuphakama
Amabalazwe e-Topographic awamamephu aphelele kakhulu abonisa isimo semvelo nemigwaqo eyenziwe ngabantu. Zihlukile ezinhlobonhlobo zamabalazwe ngoba zibonisa ukuphakama, kodwa zinezinye izakhi ozitholayo kumamephu kufaka umcibisholo, isilinganiso kanye nomcibisholo ongasenyakatho. Amabalazwe we-Topographic avame ukuhanjiswa namadivaysi e-GPS aphathekayo, amadivayisi wezemidlalo ne-Fitness ama-GPS kanye nezicelo ze-smartphone. Amabalazwe e-Topographic efonini yabo asetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi futhi ayisisekelo sabantu abavela ngaphandle, abahleli bezindawo zasemadolobheni nalabo okufanele baqonde imininingwane yezwe ngenhloso yebhizinisi.
Amabalazwe e-Topographic Bonisa Ukuphakama Ngezintambo Zengqungquthela
Uma ubheka ibalazwe, ubheka phansi ngqo kummeleli womhlaba, ngakho kunzima ukukhomba izinguquko ekuphakameni. Amamephu ase-Topographic asebenzisa imigqa yezintambo ukuze akhombise ukuphakama. Umzila ngamunye we-contour emephini uxhuma amaphuzu anokwenyuka okulinganayo. Ngokwemfundiso, uma ulandela umugqa owodwa womjikelezo, uhamba ngokuphakama okufanayo nxazonke uze ubuyele endaweni yakho yokuqala. Imigqa yokulandelana ilandela izidingo ezithile ezithile, kuhlanganise:
- Indawo ngayinye emgqeni wezintambo unokuphakama okufanayo.
- Umzila wendwangu udala isimo esivaliwe.
- Imigqa yokuncintisana ayikwazi ukuwela.
Inombolo encane ivela eminye imigqa yezintambo ekhombisa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Amabalazwe amaningi aseMelika asezindaweni zendawo abonisa ukuphakama ezinyaweni, kodwa abanye babonisa ngamamitha. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke imigqa yezintambo ezibhalwe ngenombolo. Kulesi simo, udinga ukwazi isikhathi sokuncintisana ukuze ubone ukuphakama kweminye imigqa.
Incazelo yezinkathi zokuncintisana
Uma ubheka isigaba semigqa yemigqa ebalazweni, uzobona ukuthi kubonakala sengathi ihlukanisiwe ngezikhathi ezingalingani, kodwa kunencazelo enengqondo. Zihlukanisiwe ngezikhathi ezishintsha njengoba ukuphakama kwezulu kuguquka. Udinga ukwazi izinkathi zomjikelezo ukuhumusha izinguquko ekuphakameni shazi kumephu. Ukuthola isikhathi sokuncintisana:
- Thola imigqa emibili yemigqa ebalazweni ezibhalwe ngezingqimba zazo futhi ezinezambatho ezilodwa noma ngaphezulu ezingabonakali phakathi kwazo.
- Susa inombolo encane yokuphakanyiswa ephrintiwe emgqeni owodwa wezingqimba ukusuka kunomboro omkhulu kunomunye umzila ongathandeki.
- Hlukanisa umphumela ngenombolo yemigqa engabhaliwe phakathi kwabo ukuze ufike ngesikhathi sokuncintisana.
Isibonelo, uma unemigqa emibili yemigqa ebhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezingu-30 no-40 ngomugqa owodwa ongabhaliwe ophakathi kwabo, isikhathi sokuncintisana singamamitha angu-5. Ukuphakama kunoma yikuphi okungahambisani nombono ongenalutho kungamamitha angu-35. Inani le-interval ye-contour lihlala lihlala njalo kuwo wonke ama-contours emephini.
Awunakwenzeka ukubona umugqa owodwa wezingqimba ngaphandle kwezindawo eziplathiwe. Uma ngokungazelelwe ukuguqulwa kokuphakama kukhona, imigqa yokuncintisana eningi iyadingeka ukuze ibonise izinguquko.
Ukutholaphi Amamephu E-Topographic
I-US Geological Survey inikeza ngokukhululekile amabalazwe wamanje namlando omlando we-US e-PDF efayilini yayo. I-Garmin inikeza imephu yamamephu e-topographic eziningana ezithengiswa kwiwebhusayithi yayo, kanti isigaba se-Camping and Hiking e-Amazon sinokukhethwa kwebalazwe yebalazwe etholakalayo. Amabalazwe e-Topographic agcina agcinwe, adluliselwa futhi asetshenziswe ngefomethi yedijithali.
Isilinganiso samabalazwe we-Topographic
Amamephu we-Topographic afika esikalini esihlukene, futhi umehluko kubalulekile. Isibonelo, imephu ejwayelekile ye-24K topo isilinganiso esingu-1: 24,000 (1 intshi = 2,000 amamitha) futhi ibonisa imininingwane eningi. Ibalazwe le-24K liyaziwa nangokuthi imephu yamaminithi angu-7.5 ngoba ihlanganisa imizuzu engu-7.5 yobubanzi nobude. Olunye uhlobo olujwayelekile, imephu ye-100K, kunezinga elingu-1: 100,000 (1 ububanzi = 1 ikhilomitha) futhi libonisa imininingwane encane kodwa ihlanganisa indawo ebanzi kunebalazwe le-24K.
Iyini Imephu Yokusiza?
Ibalazwe lokusiza luhlobo lwebalazwe lombhalo wezinhlamvu alisebenzisi imigqa yesigcawu. Esikhundleni salokho, idonseleka futhi imbala ukuze ibonise izinguquko ekuphakameni. Lokhu kunikeza ibalazwe ukubukeka okunengqondo, futhi ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula phakathi kwezintaba nezigodi ngokubuka kuphela. Izwe elinezintaba eziphakanyisiwe futhi lihlobo lokuphumula imephu.