Izindlela Eziningi Zomnyama Nesizungu

01 ka-06

I-Grayscale vs. Line Art

Ezithombeni, izithombe ze-Black & White empeleni ziyi-shades ezimpunga. Ekucabangeni kwedijithali lezi zithombe ze-B & W zibizwa ngokuthi i-grayscale ukuze zihlukaniswe nabo emgqeni wamageyimu omnyama namhlophe.

Amagugu esitolo sokugcina ama-grayscale amazinga wokukhanya ngokungafani nolwazi lombala. Isithombe esivamile se-grayscale singu-256 shades of gray kusuka ku-0 (omnyama) kuya ku-255 (emhlophe).

I-Black & White Line Art ngokuvamile imbala emibili (ngokuvamile emnyama neyomhlophe) i-clip art, ipeni neyinki imidwebo, noma imidwebo yamapensela. Ukuguqula isithombe ukudweba ubuciko (njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni) kungenziwa ngemiphumela ekhethekile kodwa ngamaphikseli amnyama noma amhlophe kuphela, imininingwane yezithombe ilahlekile.

Uma uguqula isithombe sombala ku-B & W, isithombe se-grayscale ngumgomo.

02 ka 06

Izithombe ze-RGB

Nakuba kungenzeka ukuskena isithombe sombala ku-grayscale noma uthathe isithombe se-B & W digital (ngamakhamera athile) ngaleyo ndlela uyela isiteji sombala, iningi lemifanekiso yesikhathi esisebenza ngayo ngokuqala ngombala.

Imidwebo yembala kanye nezithombe zekhamera yedijithali ngokuvamile kuhlobo lwe-RGB. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuvamile kuvamile ukuguqula ku-RGB futhi usebenze ngesithombe (ukuhlelwa ohlelweni lwe-software lwehluzo) kule fomethi. Amanani we-RGB wesitolo esitolo sokubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka okwakungavamile ukwenza isithombe sombala. Umbala ngamunye unamanani ahlukahlukene abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka noma kuyadingeka ukuphrinta noma ukubonisa izithombe ze-Black & White (grayscale). Uma isithombe sokuqala sisesimweni sombala, uhlelo lwe-software oluhlukisayo olufana ne-Adobe Photoshop noma i-Corel Photo-Paint lungasetshenziswa ukuguqula isithombe sombala ngenye indlela emnyama nomhlophe.

Kunezinhlobo zezindlela ezitholakalayo zokwamukela isithombe se-B & W kusuka esithombeni sombala.Konke kunomsebenzi we-pros and self kanye nokusetshenziswa okungcono. Isivivinyo nesiphambeko ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.Izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo zisebenzisa "inketho yokuguquguqula" noma "i-desaturation" (noma "susa umbala") kuhlelo lokuhlela isithombe.

03 ka 06

Guqula kuGreyyscale

Enye yezindlela ezilula kakhulu futhi ezivame kakhulu ukuthola umbala ovela kumbala wombala ukuwuguqula ku-Grayscale - inketho evamile kwisofthiwe yokuhlela isithombe. Uma uguqula isithombe sombala we-RGB ukuze ugqoke wonke umbala kufakwe esikhundleni se-shades of gray. Isithombe asisekho ku-RGB.

Amaphrinta we-inkjet afana ne-RGB ukuze ngezinye izikhathi uphumelele imiphumela engcono yokuprinta uma uguqula isithombe emuva ku-RGB ngemuva kokuhamba kwe-grayscale - izoba yi-shades of gray.

I-Corel Photo-Paint : Isithombe> Guqula ku ...> I-Grayscale (8-bit)
I-Adobe Photoshop : Isithombe> Imodi> I-Grayscale
I-Adobe Photoshop Elements : Image> Imodi> I-Grayscale (yisho ku-OK uma ubuzwa "Gwema Ulwazi Lombala?")
I-Jasc Paint Shop Pro : Imibala> Grey Scale

04 ka 06

I-Desaturation (Susa imibala)

Enye indlela yokuhamba kusuka kumbala kuya kumathunzi we-gray is deaturation. Kweminye izinhlelo zokuhlela isithombe kukhona inketho yokudonswa. Abanye bakubiza ngokuthi ukususwa kombala noma badinga ukuthi usebenzise izilawuli zokugcwala ukufeza le mpumelelo.

Uma amanani we-RGB wesithombe aphezulu (umbala ususiwe) amanani ngamunye afanayo noma afana nawo wonke umbala ngamunye, okuholela ekuthunjeni okungapheli komthunzi.

I-Desaturation idonsa ama-hues alubomvu, ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isithombe sisezinqolobaneni ze-RGB kodwa imibala iphenduka imfucuza.Uma iziphumo ze-deaturation kusithombe esivela sibe yi-grayscale, akunjalo.

I-Corel Photo-Paint : Isithombe> Hlela> Desaturate
I-Adobe Photoshop : Isithombe> Lungisa> Desaturate
I-Adobe Photoshop Elements : Thuthukisa> Lungisa Umbala> Susa Umbala
I-Jasc Paint Shop Pro : I-Hue / Saturation> Setha ukukhanya ku-"0"> Setha ukugcwaliseka ku-"-100"

05 ka 06

I-Grayscale vs. Desaturation nezinye izindlela zokuguqulwa

Ngokweqikithi, isithombe sombala ofanayo oguqulwa ku-grayscale futhi esasetshenziselwa ukuthunjwa kwe-gray kuyafana. Ngokwenza, ukungafani okucashile kungase kubonakale. Isithombe esise-desaturated singahle sibe mnyama futhi singalahlekelwa imininingwane ethile uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombe esifanayo ku-grayscale yangempela.

Kungashintsha kusuka kwesinye isithombe kuya kwesilandelayo futhi ukungezwani okungase kungabonakali kuze kube yilapho isithombe sinyatheliswa. Isivivinyo nesiphambeko kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqasha.

Ezinye izindlela zokudala umfanekiso we-grayscale kusuka kumfanekiso wombala zihlanganisa:

• Shintshela kwimodi ye-LAB bese ukhipha isiteshi se-Luminance kuphela somnyama wakho nomhlophe. Umphumela ufana kakhulu nemodi ye-grayscale.
• Khipha enye yeziteshi zika-RGB noma ze-CMYK, usebenzisa eyodwa noma uhlanganise iziteshi ezimbalwa ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo.
• Esikhundleni sokususa wonke umbala ngokulinganayo nge-desaturation, sebenzisa ukulawula kwe-Hue / Saturation ukuze uhlukanise isiteshi ngasinye ngabanye ngemiphumela yangokwezifiso.
• Dala i-monotone (enombala ngaphandle komnyama) noma i-duotone yombala ongewona umbala, hhayi umphumela omnyama nomhlophe.

06 ka-06

Phrinta izithombe ze-Grayscale njenge-Black and White Halftones

Uma iphrintiwe nge-inkinokazi emnyama, isithombe se-grayscale siphendukela esimeni samachashazi amnyama afanisa amathoni aqhubekayo wesithombe sokuqala. I-shades elula yegrey inezingqimba ezimbalwa noma ezincane ezimnyama ezahlukanisiwe. Ama-dark shades wegrey aqukethe amachashazi amnyama amaningi noma amancane ngokukhala okushelelayo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho ushicilela isithombe se-grayscale nge-inkino emnyama ushicilela ngempela isithombe se-B & W ngoba i-halftone imane nje amachashazi amnyama eyinki.

Ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-halftones yedijithali ngokuqondile kusuka kwisofthiwe kuya kuphrinta. Umthelela we-halftone osetshenzisiwe ungacaciswa kumaphrinta akho PPD (PostScript Printer Driver) noma usethe ngqo ohlelweni lwakho lwesofthiwe.

Uma ushicilela izithombe ze-B & W kumphrinta we-inkjet, imiphumela ingahluka ngokunyathelisa nge-inkino emnyama kuphela noma uvumela iphrinta ukuthi isebenzise ama-inks ombala ukuphrinta ama-shadow we-gray. Ukushintsha umbala - okungekho emthethweni ukubonakala - kungenzeka uma usebenzisa ama-inks ombala. Noma kunjalo, inkinokazi emnyama kuphela ingalahlekelwa eminye yemininingwane egciniwe futhi ibangele amachashazi ecacile kakhulu eyinki - i-halftone ebonakalayo.

Ngokunyathelisa kwezebhizinisi, shiya izithombe ze-grayscale kumodi ye-grayscale ngaphandle kokuthi umnikezeli wakho wesevisi ephakamisa okunye. Kuye ngendlela yokunyathelisa, izikrini ze-black and white ze-halftone zilula kakhulu kunalokho ezinye amaphrinta edeskithophu angazithola. Noma kunjalo, ungacacisa izikrini zakho kwisofthiwe yakho uma ukhetha (noma ukudala imiphumela ekhethekile).

Bheka " Izinto eziyisisekelo zombala namamitha ama-black & white " ngaphezulu kokusebenza nama-halftones.