Njengezici eziningi ze-elekthronikhi, izimpikiswano zivela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ubukhulu, amandla kanye nezinhlobo. Wonke ama-resistors awadalwa alinganayo, noma kunjalo. Uhlobo ngalunye lokumelana lunemifikiswano ephawulekayo kumanani ajwayelekile wokumelana nomsindo, ukubekezelelana, ukulinganisa kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa lokushisa, ukulinganisa kwamandla, ukuphendula kwamagremu, ubukhulu nokuthembeka. Lokhu kungezwani kuletha izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa okwenza amanye ama-resistors afanele kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nomthombo wezinkinga zokuhlukumeza izinkinga kwabanye.
Abaphikisi beCarbon Composition
Amakhemikhali okwakhiwa kwe-Carbon asetshenziselwa ukuba abe uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamagciwane asetshenziswe ku-elekthronikhi ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi futhi ezinokwethenjelwa okukhulu. Amakhemikhali okwakhiwa kwe-Carbon asebenzisa i-block ejulile yezinto ezenziwe nge-carbon powder, i-ceramic ekhusayo, nezinto ezibophezelayo. Ukumelana kulawulwa ngokushintsha ukuhluka kwekhabhoni kuya ezintweni zokugcwalisa. Ukwakhiwa kwekhabhoni ekumelana nakho kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi umswakama, futhi kuvame ukushintsha ekumeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaphikisi be-carbon composition babhekana nokubekezelelana okungenakuphikiswa, ngokuvamile ku-5% kuphela. Ama-resistor yokwakhiwa kwe-Carbon nawo anqunyelwe ukulinganiswa kwamandla we-1 watt. Ngokuphambene nokubekezelelana kwabo okuncane kanye namandla aphansi, izimpikiswano zezinhlaka ze-carbon zinempendulo emihle yemvamisa ezenza kube yindlela yokukhetha izicelo eziphezulu.
Ama-Resistors e-Carbon Film
Ama-resistors amafilimu e-Carbon asebenzisa ungqimba omncane wekhabhoni phezulu kwenduku yokuzivikela ehlukaniswayo ukwakha indlela encane, emide yokusabela. Ngokulawula ubude bendlela nobubanzi bayo, ukuphikiswa kungalawulwa ngokunembile ngokubekezela okufana no-1%. Ngokuvamile, amandla okuphikiswa kwefilimu kwekhabhoni angcono kunomshini wokwakhiwa kwekhabhoni, ngokulinganisa amandla kuze kufike ku-Watts angu-5 nokuqiniswa okungcono. Kodwa-ke, impendulo yabo yokuvama yimbi kakhulu ngenxa yesikhuthazo namandla okubangelwa indlela yokunciphisa isinqamuleli.
Metal Film Resistors
Enye yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokuxubana kwe-axial ezisetshenzisiwe namuhla zithinta i-film film resistors. Zifana kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-carbon film resistors, kanti umehluko omkhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-alloy yensimbi njengento yokuvikela esikhundleni sekhabhoni. I-alloy yensimbi esetshenzisiwe, ngokuvamile i-alloy-chromium alloy, ikwazi ukuhlinzekela ukubekezela okunamandla kunokuba i-carbon film resistors ne-tolerance njenge-0.01%. Ama-resistant amafilimu ensimbi ayatholakala kufika ku-watts angu-35, kodwa izinketho zokumelana nazo ziqala ukwehla ngaphezu kwe-1-2 watts. Ama-resistant amafilimu ensimbi yomsindo ophansi, futhi azinzile ngokuguquguquka okuncane ngenxa yokushisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ama-Resistors aqinile
Ukuba yinto ethandwa kakhulu ngawo-1970, abaphikisi befilimu abanzima bavame ukungena emagqabeni ngisho nanamuhla. Zenziwe ngenqubo yokunyathelisa isikrini besebenzisa i-composam conductive ne-glass mix composite emiswe ketshezi. Uma ukumelana kwesikrini sekunyatheliswe, kubhakawa emazingeni aphezulu okushisa ukukhipha uketshezi bese ufaka i-ceramic ne-glass composite. Okokuqala, abaphikisi befilimu abanzile babenokubekezelelana okuncane, kepha namuhla bathola ukubekezela okuphansi kuka-0.1% kumaphakheji angakwazi ukubhekana nama-watts angu-250. Ama-resistors amafilimu amancane ane-coefficient ephakeme yokushisa, enezinguquko ezingu-100 ° C zokushisa okuholela ekushintsheni okungu-2.5% kokumelana.
Ama-movie ne-TV
Ukubolekwa kwezinqubo ze-semiconductor, ama-resistors amafilimu amancane akhiwa ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokufakelwa kwe-vacuum ebizwa ngokuthi i-sputtering lapho uhlaka oluncane lwezinto eziphathekayo lufakwa kwi-substrate evikelayo. Lo ungqimba omncane bese isithombe senziwe ukudala iphethini yokubhuka. Ngokulawula ngokuqondile inani lempahla ekhonjiwe kanye nephethini yokubhuka, ukubekezelelana okunamandla njenge-0.01% kungafinyelelwa ngezimpawu ezincane zemifanekiso yefilimu. Ama-resistant amafilimu awanamaphesenti angaba ngu-2.5 ama-watts namaphesenti aphansi kunamanye ama-resistor izinhlobo kodwa anama-resistors azinzile. Kukhona intengo yokucaciswa kwama-film resistors amancane amancane ngokuvamile amanani ama-resistors amafilimu anamandla.
Abaphikisi be-Wirewound
Amandla aphakeme kakhulu kanye nezimpikiswano ezicacile yizimpikiswano ze-wirewound, nakuba kungavamile ukuthi bobabili amandla amakhulu futhi aqondile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ama-resistant wirewound ayenziwa ngokufaka ucingo oluphakeme lokumelana, ngokuvamile i-nickel chromium alloy, eduze ne-bobbin ye-ceramic. Ngokwenza umehluko ububanzi, ubude, i-alloy yocingo kanye nephethini yokugoqa izakhiwo ze-resistor wirewound zingenziwa ngokuvumelana nesicelo. Ukubekezelela ukubekezela kunjenge-0.005% yezingqinamba ezicacile ze-wirewound futhi kungatholakala ngezilinganiso zamandla kuze kube ngu-50 watts. Izimpande zamandla we-wirewound ngokuvamile zinokubekezelelana okungaba ngu-5 noma ngo-10% kodwa zibe nezilinganiso zamandla ebangeni le-kilowatt. Ama-resistant wirewound ahlushwa yi-inductance ephezulu kanye nekhono ngenxa yendlela yokwakhiwa kwawo, okubenza ukuba benze izicelo zokusebenza eziphansi.
I-Potentiometers
Ukuphazamisa isignali noma ukuhlela isifunda kuyinto evamile e-elekthronikhi. Enye yezindlela ezilula ukulungisa ngesandla isignali ngukuphikiswa okuguquguqukayo noma amandla. Ama-Potentialometer asetshenziselwa ukufaka umsebenzisi we-analog njengamandla wokulawula ivolumu. Izinguquko ezincane ezisesibhakabhakeni ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa noma ukulinganisa isifunda kwi-PCB ngaphambi kokuvalwa uphawu futhi ithunyelwe kumakhasimende. Ama-potentiometers angaba ama-resistors ahlukene kakhulu, aphindaphindiwe ama-multi-turn variable resistors, kodwa ngokuvamile ama-device aphendukile ahamba phambili ahambisa umsila eceleni kwekhabhoni yokukhanda ehamba phambili ukuze ushintshe ukumelana kusuka eduze kwe-zero kuya kwezinga eliphezulu. Ama-Potentiometer ngokuvamile anezilinganiso eziphansi kakhulu zamandla, izici zomsindo ompofu, nokuzinza okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ikhono lokushintsha ukumelana nokulungisa isignali kwenza iziphakamiso zizuze kakhulu kumiklamo eminingi yesifunda nakwi- prototyping.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokuphikisa
Njengezingxenye eziningi, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuphikisa okukhethekile. Eqinisweni, eziningana zivamile kakhulu kufaka phakathi isici esisekuqaleni kwe-ampandescent light bulb. Ezinye izinto ezihlukile zokumelana nezici zibandakanya izinto zokushisa, i-metal foil, i-oxide, i-shunts, i-cermet, kanye ne-grid resistors ukubiza ezimbalwa.