Akubona bonke abathengisi abadalwa abalinganayo - i-solder ngayinye ifaneleka kumazinga okushisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukukhetha i-solder elungile kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxhumana okuhle kagesi okuzoqhubeka nokuphila kwesifunda futhi kungabi yinto yokuhluleka .
Izinhlobo zeSolder
I-elektroniki i-solder ibuye ibe enye yezinhlobo ezintathu, i-solder e-alloy ehola phambili, i-solder engenakho ukuhola noma i-solder yesiliva esiliva. I-solder esekelwe emiphakathini iyinhlayiya eyenziwa nge-alloy of tin kanye nokuhola, ngezinye izikhathi nezinye izinsimbi. Isizathu sokuhola sihlangene ne-tin ukuthi i-alloy ephumela kulesilinganiso sokushisa esiphansi, impahla ebalulekile yokugaya lapho izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi zizwela kakhulu! I-solder yama-alloy eholayo ngokuvamile iboniswa isilinganiso sayo se-alloy efana ne-60/40 noma 63/37, nenombolo yokuqala ithini ngesisindo futhi inombolo yesibili ibe inani lokuhola ngesisindo. Zombili lezi alloys ezivamile zinhle kumakhomphyutha avamile, kodwa 63/37 yi-alloy eutectic, okusho ukuthi kunezinguquko ezibukhali phakathi kwamazwe ahlanzekile neziqinile njengokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Le mpahla kusiza ukunciphisa amalunga e-solder abandayo angenzeka uma ingxenye ihamba njengoba i-solder ipholile.
I-solder yama-alloy ehola i-solder ejwayelekile esebenzisa i-elekthronikhi amashumi eminyaka, kodwa ngenxa yezindaba zezempilo ezihlobene nokuhola, sesiqale ukuhamba nabadayisi abathintekayo . IYurophu ihola indlela yokunciphisa ukuhola ngokudlula ukunciphisa izinto eziyingozi (RoHS) kanye ne- Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) okunciphisa inani lokuhola kunoma iyiphi ingxenye kuya ku-0.1%. Elinye lama-alloys ahamba phambili kunawo wonke ayi-alloy 96.5 / 3 / 0.5 ene-96.5% ye-tin, i-3% yesiliva, no-0.5% ithusi. Ngeshwa, ama-alloys amaningi angenalutho ayabiza kakhulu kunabathengisi be-alloy abaholayo, ancibilike ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela adinga ukushisa okuphezulu okushisa, futhi anikeze amanxeba aqinile, kodwa angaphezulu kakhulu. Ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwama-solder alloys okungaqhutshwa isikhathi eside kungakapheli, nakuba imiphumela ethile efana ne-tin whiskers kanye ne-soldering iron ukugqoka kakade ibonwe njengethonya lekhwalithi yesikhathi eside ye-electronics free-free.
I-alloy ye-alloy yesiliva ingaba yinhlawulo-mahhala noma ihlangene nokuhola. Isiliva ekuqaleni sanezelwa ekuholeni i-alloy solder ukuvimbela umphumela owaziwa ngokuthi ukuhamba ngesiliva lapho izingxenye zesiliva ezihlanganisiwe zidayiswa. Nge-solder ejwayelekile yokuhogela i-alloy, isiliva esivumelwaneni sesiliva siyophuma singene ku-solder bese sibangele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-solder ibe yinto ephuthumayo futhi ijwayele ukuphuka. I-solder ye-alloy ehamba phambili ngesiliva, njenge-solder 62/36/2 nge-2% yesiliva, 62% ye-tin, ne-36% ehola, inqanda umphumela wokuthuthela kwesiliva futhi unempahla engcono kunazo zonke kune-solder i-alloy ehamba phambili, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele ukulungisa ukwanda kwezindleko.
Ukukhetha iSolder Right
Izici eziningi ezihlukene zingenza ukhethe inselelo efanele ye-solder. I-solder elungile idinga ukungena ekubhekiseni lokho okushiwo yi-soldered, ukusetshenziswa kwe-flux , ubukhulu bezingxenye ezidayiswayo, kanye nezinkinga zezempilo nezokuphepha ezingase zenziwe nge-soldering.
I-solder iyatholakala ngeyodwa, enye noma amakhekhe amaningi e-rosin (flux) asebenza phakathi nendawo yocingo le-solder. Lokhu kuphuma kwe-rosin flux kusiza ukugeleza kwe-solder nokubophezela ezingxenyeni ezidayiswayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-rosin flux ehlanganisiwe ku-solder ayifuni ngezizathu eziningana, njengendlela yokuhlanza okufanele isetshenziswe ngokulandela i-soldering noma ukutholakala kwe-asidi eqinile ye-asidi (njenge-acid-flux solder esetshenziselwa ukufaka amapayipi okungakaze isetshenziswe kuma-electronics) futhi ukufiphaza okuhlukile kuyadingeka.
I-Solder iyatholakala futhi ngamanani amaningi, nge-0.02 ", 0.063" no-0.04 "njengama-solder diameter evamile. Abadayisi abakhulu kakhulu babadayisi bemisebenzi emikhulu, bafaka ama-solder amakhulu noma ama-wire amaningi kodwa benza umsebenzi omuhle njenge-surface mount soldering okuningi kunzima kakhulu. Lapha lapho i-0.02 "ne-0.04" i-solder iba usizo kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi omkhulu ungenziwa nge-soldering kuphela engu-0.04 ", ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangene nokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kanye nokuhamba okwanele.